source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 6e88633

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Last change on this file since 6e88633 was 6e88633, checked in by Jeremy Huntwork <jhuntwork@…>, 15 years ago

Initial addition of support for x86_64

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8754 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
50 i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch; ;;
51esac</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>There's an internal issue with Coreutils which makes some of the
54 programs behave abnormally if you build using an older kernel. Apply a
55 patch to fix the issue:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-old-kernel-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
60 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
61 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
64
65 <note>
66 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
67 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
68 without this patch.</para>
69 </note>
70
71 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-install-program=hostname --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
74
75 <variablelist>
76 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
77
78 <varlistentry>
79 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
80 <listitem>
81 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
82 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
83 </para>
84 </listitem>
85 </varlistentry>
86 </variablelist>
87
88 <para>Compile the package:</para>
89
90<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
93 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
94
95 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
96 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
97
98<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
99
100 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
101 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
102 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
103 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
104 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
105
106<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
107
108 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
109 run the tests:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src}/.deps</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
114
115<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
116
117 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
118
119<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
120
121 <para>Install the package:</para>
122
123<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
124
125 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
126
127<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
128mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
129mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
130mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
131
132 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
133 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
134 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
135 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
136 need to be on the root partition:</para>
137
138<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
139
140 </sect2>
141
142
143 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
144 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
145
146 <segmentedlist>
147 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
148
149 <seglistitem>
150 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
151 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
152 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
153 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
154 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
155 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
156 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
157 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
158 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
159 </seglistitem>
160 </segmentedlist>
161
162 <variablelist>
163 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
164 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
165 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
166
167 <varlistentry id="base64">
168 <term><command>base64</command></term>
169 <listitem>
170 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
171 specification</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
173 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="basename">
179 <term><command>basename</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
183 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="cat">
189 <term><command>cat</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
193 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
199 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
203 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
204 </indexterm>
205 </listitem>
206 </varlistentry>
207
208 <varlistentry id="chmod">
209 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
210 <listitem>
211 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
212 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
213 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
215 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="chown">
221 <term><command>chown</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
224 directories</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
226 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="chroot">
232 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
235 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
237 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="cksum">
243 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
246 counts of each specified file</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
248 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="comm">
254 <term><command>comm</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
257 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
259 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="cp">
265 <term><command>cp</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Copies files</para>
268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
269 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
270 </indexterm>
271 </listitem>
272 </varlistentry>
273
274 <varlistentry id="csplit">
275 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
276 <listitem>
277 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
278 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
279 count of each new file</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
281 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="cut">
287 <term><command>cut</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
290 fields or positions</para>
291 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
292 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294 </listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
296
297 <varlistentry id="date">
298 <term><command>date</command></term>
299 <listitem>
300 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
301 system date</para>
302 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
303 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
304 </indexterm>
305 </listitem>
306 </varlistentry>
307
308 <varlistentry id="dd">
309 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
310 <listitem>
311 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
312 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
314 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="df">
320 <term><command>df</command></term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
323 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
324 files</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
326 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="dir">
332 <term><command>dir</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
335 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
337 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
343 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
346 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
347 <command>ls</command></para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
349 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="dirname">
355 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
359 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="du">
365 <term><command>du</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
368 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
369 each of the given files</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
371 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="echo">
377 <term><command>echo</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
381 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="env">
387 <term><command>env</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
391 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="expand">
397 <term><command>expand</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
401 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="expr">
407 <term><command>expr</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
411 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="factor">
417 <term><command>factor</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
421 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="false">
427 <term><command>false</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
430 indicating failure</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
432 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="fmt">
438 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
442 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="fold">
448 <term><command>fold</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
452 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="groups">
458 <term><command>groups</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
462 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="head">
468 <term><command>head</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
471 of each given file</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
473 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="hostid">
479 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
483 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="hostname">
489 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
493 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="id">
499 <term><command>id</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
502 of the current user or specified user</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
504 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="install">
510 <term><command>install</command> </term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
513 possible, their owner and group</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
515 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="join">
521 <term><command>join</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
524 separate files</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
526 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="link">
532 <term><command>link</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
536 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="ln">
542 <term><command>ln</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
546 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="logname">
552 <term><command>logname</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
556 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="ls">
562 <term><command>ls</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
566 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
572 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
576 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
582 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
586 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
592 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
595 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
597 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="mknod">
603 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
606 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
608 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
614 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
618 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="mv">
624 <term><command>mv</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
628 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="nice">
634 <term><command>nice</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
638 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="nl">
644 <term><command>nl</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
648 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="nohup">
654 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
657 a log file</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
659 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="od">
665 <term><command>od</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
669 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="paste">
675 <term><command>paste</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
678 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
680 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
686 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
690 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
695 <varlistentry id="pinky">
696 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
699 about the given users</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
701 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="pr">
707 <term><command>pr</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
711 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="printenv">
717 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Prints the environment</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
721 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="printf">
727 <term><command>printf</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
730 like the C printf function</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
732 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="ptx">
738 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
741 with each keyword in its context</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
743 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="pwd">
749 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
753 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="readlink">
759 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
763 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="rm">
769 <term><command>rm</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
773 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
779 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
783 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="seq">
789 <term><command>seq</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
792 given increment</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
794 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
800 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
803 checksums</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
805 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
811 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
815 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
821 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
825 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
831 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
835 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
841 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
845 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="shred">
851 <term><command>shred</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
854 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
856 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="shuf">
862 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
866 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="sleep">
872 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
876 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="sort">
882 <term><command>sort</command></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
886 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="split">
892 <term><command>split</command></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
895 lines</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
897 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="stat">
903 <term><command>stat</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
907 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="stty">
913 <term><command>stty</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
917 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="sum">
923 <term><command>sum</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
927 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="sync">
933 <term><command>sync</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
936 and updates the super block</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
938 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="tac">
944 <term><command>tac</command></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
948 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="tail">
954 <term><command>tail</command></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
957 given file</para>
958 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
959 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
960 </indexterm>
961 </listitem>
962 </varlistentry>
963
964 <varlistentry id="tee">
965 <term><command>tee</command></term>
966 <listitem>
967 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
968 and to the given files</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
970 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="test">
976 <term><command>test</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
979 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
980 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
981 </indexterm>
982 </listitem>
983 </varlistentry>
984
985 <varlistentry id="touch">
986 <term><command>touch</command></term>
987 <listitem>
988 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
989 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
990 are created with zero length</para>
991 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
992 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
993 </indexterm>
994 </listitem>
995 </varlistentry>
996
997 <varlistentry id="tr">
998 <term><command>tr</command></term>
999 <listitem>
1000 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1001 standard input</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1003 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="true">
1009 <term><command>true</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1012 indicating success</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1014 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1020 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1023 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1024 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1025 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1026 </indexterm>
1027 </listitem>
1028 </varlistentry>
1029
1030 <varlistentry id="tty">
1031 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1032 <listitem>
1033 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1034 input</para>
1035 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1036 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1037 </indexterm>
1038 </listitem>
1039 </varlistentry>
1040
1041 <varlistentry id="uname">
1042 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1043 <listitem>
1044 <para>Reports system information</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1046 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1052 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1056 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1062 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1066 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1072 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1076 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="users">
1082 <term><command>users</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1086 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1092 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1096 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="wc">
1102 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1105 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1107 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="who">
1113 <term><command>who</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1117 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1123 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1124 <listitem>
1125 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1126 user ID</para>
1127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1128 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1129 </indexterm>
1130 </listitem>
1131 </varlistentry>
1132
1133 <varlistentry id="yes">
1134 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1135 <listitem>
1136 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1137 killed</para>
1138 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1139 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1140 </indexterm>
1141 </listitem>
1142 </varlistentry>
1143
1144 </variablelist>
1145
1146 </sect2>
1147
1148</sect1>
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