source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ 7132873

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Last change on this file since 7132873 was 7132873, checked in by Ken Moffat <ken@…>, 12 years ago

Fix coreutils testsuite bug.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9677 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
50 i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch; ;;
51esac</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
54 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
55 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
63 </note>
64
65 <para>The following patch fixes a bug in the testsuite:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-tests-patch;</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
70
71<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
72 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/coreutils \
73 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
74
75 <variablelist>
76 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
77
78 <varlistentry>
79 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
80 <listitem>
81 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
82 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
83 </para>
84 </listitem>
85 </varlistentry>
86 </variablelist>
87
88 <para>Compile the package:</para>
89
90<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
93 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
94
95 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
96 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
97
98<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
99
100 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
101 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
102 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
103 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
104 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
105
106<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
107
108 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
109 run the tests:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
114
115<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
116
117 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
118
119<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
120
121 <para>Install the package:</para>
122
123<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
124
125 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
126
127<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
128mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
129mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
130mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
131mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
132sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
133
134 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
135 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
136 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
137 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
138 need to be on the root partition:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
141
142 </sect2>
143
144
145 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
146 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
147
148 <segmentedlist>
149 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
150 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
151 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
152
153 <seglistitem>
154 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
155 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
156 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
157 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
158 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
159 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum,
160 sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
161 split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout,
162 touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
163 users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
164 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
165 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
166 </seglistitem>
167 </segmentedlist>
168
169 <variablelist>
170 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
171 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
172 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
173
174 <varlistentry id="base64">
175 <term><command>base64</command></term>
176 <listitem>
177 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
178 specification</para>
179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
180 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
181 </indexterm>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry id="basename">
186 <term><command>basename</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
190 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
191 </indexterm>
192 </listitem>
193 </varlistentry>
194
195 <varlistentry id="cat">
196 <term><command>cat</command></term>
197 <listitem>
198 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
200 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
201 </indexterm>
202 </listitem>
203 </varlistentry>
204
205 <varlistentry id="chcon">
206 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
210 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
211 </indexterm>
212 </listitem>
213 </varlistentry>
214
215 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
216 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
219 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
220 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
221 </indexterm>
222 </listitem>
223 </varlistentry>
224
225 <varlistentry id="chmod">
226 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
227 <listitem>
228 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
229 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
230 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
232 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="chown">
238 <term><command>chown</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
241 directories</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
243 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="chroot">
249 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
252 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
254 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
255 </indexterm>
256 </listitem>
257 </varlistentry>
258
259 <varlistentry id="cksum">
260 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
261 <listitem>
262 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
263 counts of each specified file</para>
264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
265 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
266 </indexterm>
267 </listitem>
268 </varlistentry>
269
270 <varlistentry id="comm">
271 <term><command>comm</command></term>
272 <listitem>
273 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
274 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
276 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
277 </indexterm>
278 </listitem>
279 </varlistentry>
280
281 <varlistentry id="cp">
282 <term><command>cp</command></term>
283 <listitem>
284 <para>Copies files</para>
285 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
286 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288 </listitem>
289 </varlistentry>
290
291 <varlistentry id="csplit">
292 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
293 <listitem>
294 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
295 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
296 count of each new file</para>
297 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
298 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300 </listitem>
301 </varlistentry>
302
303 <varlistentry id="cut">
304 <term><command>cut</command></term>
305 <listitem>
306 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
307 fields or positions</para>
308 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
309 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
310 </indexterm>
311 </listitem>
312 </varlistentry>
313
314 <varlistentry id="date">
315 <term><command>date</command></term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
318 system date</para>
319 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
320 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322 </listitem>
323 </varlistentry>
324
325 <varlistentry id="dd">
326 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
327 <listitem>
328 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
329 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
330 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
331 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
332 </indexterm>
333 </listitem>
334 </varlistentry>
335
336 <varlistentry id="df">
337 <term><command>df</command></term>
338 <listitem>
339 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
340 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
341 files</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
343 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="dir">
349 <term><command>dir</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
352 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
354 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
360 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
363 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
364 <command>ls</command></para>
365 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
366 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
367 </indexterm>
368 </listitem>
369 </varlistentry>
370
371 <varlistentry id="dirname">
372 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
373 <listitem>
374 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
375 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
376 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
377 </indexterm>
378 </listitem>
379 </varlistentry>
380
381 <varlistentry id="du">
382 <term><command>du</command></term>
383 <listitem>
384 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
385 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
386 each of the given files</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
388 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="echo">
394 <term><command>echo</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
398 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="env">
404 <term><command>env</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
408 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="expand">
414 <term><command>expand</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
418 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="expr">
424 <term><command>expr</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
427 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
428 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
429 </indexterm>
430 </listitem>
431 </varlistentry>
432
433 <varlistentry id="factor">
434 <term><command>factor</command></term>
435 <listitem>
436 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
438 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="false">
444 <term><command>false</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
447 indicating failure</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
449 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="fmt">
455 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
459 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
460 </indexterm>
461 </listitem>
462 </varlistentry>
463
464 <varlistentry id="fold">
465 <term><command>fold</command></term>
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
468 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
469 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
470 </indexterm>
471 </listitem>
472 </varlistentry>
473
474 <varlistentry id="groups">
475 <term><command>groups</command></term>
476 <listitem>
477 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
479 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="head">
485 <term><command>head</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
488 of each given file</para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
490 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="hostid">
496 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
500 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="id">
506 <term><command>id</command></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
509 of the current user or specified user</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
511 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="install">
517 <term><command>install</command> </term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
520 possible, their owner and group</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
522 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="join">
528 <term><command>join</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
531 separate files</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
533 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="link">
539 <term><command>link</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
543 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="ln">
549 <term><command>ln</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
553 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="logname">
559 <term><command>logname</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
563 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="ls">
569 <term><command>ls</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
573 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
579 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
583 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
589 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
593 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
599 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
602 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
604 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="mknod">
610 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
613 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
615 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
621 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
625 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="mv">
631 <term><command>mv</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
635 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="nice">
641 <term><command>nice</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
644 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
645 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
646 </indexterm>
647 </listitem>
648 </varlistentry>
649
650 <varlistentry id="nl">
651 <term><command>nl</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
655 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="nohup">
661 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
664 a log file</para>
665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
666 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
667 </indexterm>
668 </listitem>
669 </varlistentry>
670
671 <varlistentry id="nproc">
672 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
673 <listitem>
674 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
675 process</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
677 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="od">
683 <term><command>od</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
687 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="paste">
693 <term><command>paste</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
696 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
698 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
704 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
708 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="pinky">
714 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
717 about the given users</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
719 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="pr">
725 <term><command>pr</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
729 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="printenv">
735 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Prints the environment</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
739 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="printf">
745 <term><command>printf</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
748 like the C printf function</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
750 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="ptx">
756 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
759 with each keyword in its context</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
761 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="pwd">
767 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
771 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="readlink">
777 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
781 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="rm">
787 <term><command>rm</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
791 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
797 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
800 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
801 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
802 </indexterm>
803 </listitem>
804 </varlistentry>
805
806 <varlistentry id="runcon">
807 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
808 <listitem>
809 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
810 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
811 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
812 </indexterm>
813 </listitem>
814 </varlistentry>
815
816 <varlistentry id="seq">
817 <term><command>seq</command></term>
818 <listitem>
819 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
820 given increment</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
822 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
828 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
831 checksums</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
833 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
839 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
843 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
849 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
853 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
859 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
863 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
869 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
873 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="shred">
879 <term><command>shred</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
882 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
884 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="shuf">
890 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
894 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="sleep">
900 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
904 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="sort">
910 <term><command>sort</command></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
914 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="split">
920 <term><command>split</command></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
923 lines</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
925 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="stat">
931 <term><command>stat</command></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
935 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
941 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
944 streams</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
946 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="stty">
952 <term><command>stty</command></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
955 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
956 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
957 </indexterm>
958 </listitem>
959 </varlistentry>
960
961 <varlistentry id="sum">
962 <term><command>sum</command></term>
963 <listitem>
964 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
965 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
966 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
967 </indexterm>
968 </listitem>
969 </varlistentry>
970
971 <varlistentry id="sync">
972 <term><command>sync</command></term>
973 <listitem>
974 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
975 and updates the super block</para>
976 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
977 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
978 </indexterm>
979 </listitem>
980 </varlistentry>
981
982 <varlistentry id="tac">
983 <term><command>tac</command></term>
984 <listitem>
985 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
986 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
987 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
988 </indexterm>
989 </listitem>
990 </varlistentry>
991
992 <varlistentry id="tail">
993 <term><command>tail</command></term>
994 <listitem>
995 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
996 given file</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
998 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="tee">
1004 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1007 and to the given files</para>
1008 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1009 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1010 </indexterm>
1011 </listitem>
1012 </varlistentry>
1013
1014 <varlistentry id="test">
1015 <term><command>test</command></term>
1016 <listitem>
1017 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1018 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1019 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1020 </indexterm>
1021 </listitem>
1022 </varlistentry>
1023
1024 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1025 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1026 <listitem>
1027 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1028 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1029 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1030 </indexterm>
1031 </listitem>
1032 </varlistentry>
1033
1034 <varlistentry id="touch">
1035 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1036 <listitem>
1037 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1038 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1039 are created with zero length</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1041 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
1046 <varlistentry id="tr">
1047 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1050 standard input</para>
1051 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1052 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1053 </indexterm>
1054 </listitem>
1055 </varlistentry>
1056
1057 <varlistentry id="true">
1058 <term><command>true</command></term>
1059 <listitem>
1060 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1061 indicating success</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1063 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1069 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1072 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1073 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1074 </indexterm>
1075 </listitem>
1076 </varlistentry>
1077
1078 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1079 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1080 <listitem>
1081 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1082 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1083 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1084 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1085 </indexterm>
1086 </listitem>
1087 </varlistentry>
1088
1089 <varlistentry id="tty">
1090 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1091 <listitem>
1092 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1093 input</para>
1094 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1095 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1096 </indexterm>
1097 </listitem>
1098 </varlistentry>
1099
1100 <varlistentry id="uname">
1101 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1102 <listitem>
1103 <para>Reports system information</para>
1104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1105 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 </listitem>
1108 </varlistentry>
1109
1110 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1111 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1112 <listitem>
1113 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1114 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1115 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1116 </indexterm>
1117 </listitem>
1118 </varlistentry>
1119
1120 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1121 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1122 <listitem>
1123 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1124 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1125 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1126 </indexterm>
1127 </listitem>
1128 </varlistentry>
1129
1130 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1131 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1132 <listitem>
1133 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1134 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1135 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1136 </indexterm>
1137 </listitem>
1138 </varlistentry>
1139
1140 <varlistentry id="users">
1141 <term><command>users</command></term>
1142 <listitem>
1143 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1144 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1145 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1146 </indexterm>
1147 </listitem>
1148 </varlistentry>
1149
1150 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1151 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1152 <listitem>
1153 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1154 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1155 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1156 </indexterm>
1157 </listitem>
1158 </varlistentry>
1159
1160 <varlistentry id="wc">
1161 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1162 <listitem>
1163 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1164 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1165 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1166 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1167 </indexterm>
1168 </listitem>
1169 </varlistentry>
1170
1171 <varlistentry id="who">
1172 <term><command>who</command></term>
1173 <listitem>
1174 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1175 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1176 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1177 </indexterm>
1178 </listitem>
1179 </varlistentry>
1180
1181 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1182 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1183 <listitem>
1184 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1185 user ID</para>
1186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1187 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1188 </indexterm>
1189 </listitem>
1190 </varlistentry>
1191
1192 <varlistentry id="yes">
1193 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1194 <listitem>
1195 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1196 killed</para>
1197 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1198 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1199 </indexterm>
1200 </listitem>
1201 </varlistentry>
1202
1203 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1204 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1205 <listitem>
1206 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1207 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1208 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1209 </indexterm>
1210 </listitem>
1211 </varlistentry>
1212
1213 </variablelist>
1214
1215 </sect2>
1216
1217</sect1>
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