source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ a3b689f

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Last change on this file since a3b689f was a3b689f, checked in by Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@…>, 17 years ago

Trailing spaces clean-up.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 <segmentedlist>
24 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
25 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
26
27 <seglistitem>
28 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
29 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
30 </seglistitem>
31 </segmentedlist>
32
33 </sect2>
34
35 <sect2 role="installation">
36 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
37
38 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
39 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
40 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
41 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
42
43<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
46 other packages later:</para>
47
48<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
51 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
52 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
55
56 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
57 the test file have to be changed:</para>
58
59<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
60
61 <note>
62 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
63 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
64 without this patch.</para>
65 </note>
66
67 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Compile the package:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
74
75 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
76 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
77
78 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
79 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
84 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
85 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
86 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
87 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
88
89<screen><userinput>echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
92
93<screen><userinput>su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
94
95 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
96
97<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
98
99 <para>Install the package:</para>
100
101<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
102
103 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
104
105<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
106mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
107mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
108mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
111 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
112 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
113 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
114 need to be on the root partition:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
117
118 </sect2>
119
120
121 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
122 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
123
124 <segmentedlist>
125 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
126
127 <seglistitem>
128 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
129 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
130 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
131 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
132 mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
133 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
134 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
135 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
136 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
137 </seglistitem>
138 </segmentedlist>
139
140 <variablelist>
141 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
142 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
143 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
144
145 <varlistentry id="base64">
146 <term><command>base64</command></term>
147 <listitem>
148 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
149 specification</para>
150 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
151 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
152 </indexterm>
153 </listitem>
154 </varlistentry>
155
156 <varlistentry id="basename">
157 <term><command>basename</command></term>
158 <listitem>
159 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
160 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
161 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
162 </indexterm>
163 </listitem>
164 </varlistentry>
165
166 <varlistentry id="cat">
167 <term><command>cat</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
171 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
172 </indexterm>
173 </listitem>
174 </varlistentry>
175
176 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
177 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
178 <listitem>
179 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
181 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
182 </indexterm>
183 </listitem>
184 </varlistentry>
185
186 <varlistentry id="chmod">
187 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
190 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
191 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
193 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="chown">
199 <term><command>chown</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
202 directories</para>
203 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
204 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
205 </indexterm>
206 </listitem>
207 </varlistentry>
208
209 <varlistentry id="chroot">
210 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
211 <listitem>
212 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
213 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
215 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="cksum">
221 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
224 counts of each specified file</para>
225 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
226 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
227 </indexterm>
228 </listitem>
229 </varlistentry>
230
231 <varlistentry id="comm">
232 <term><command>comm</command></term>
233 <listitem>
234 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
235 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
237 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="cp">
243 <term><command>cp</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Copies files</para>
246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
247 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
248 </indexterm>
249 </listitem>
250 </varlistentry>
251
252 <varlistentry id="csplit">
253 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
254 <listitem>
255 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
256 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
257 count of each new file</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
259 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="cut">
265 <term><command>cut</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
268 fields or positions</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
270 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="date">
276 <term><command>date</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
279 system date</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
281 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="dd">
287 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
290 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
291 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
292 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
293 </indexterm>
294 </listitem>
295 </varlistentry>
296
297 <varlistentry id="df">
298 <term><command>df</command></term>
299 <listitem>
300 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
301 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
302 files</para>
303 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
304 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306 </listitem>
307 </varlistentry>
308
309 <varlistentry id="dir">
310 <term><command>dir</command></term>
311 <listitem>
312 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
313 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
315 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
321 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
324 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
325 <command>ls</command></para>
326 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
327 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
328 </indexterm>
329 </listitem>
330 </varlistentry>
331
332 <varlistentry id="dirname">
333 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
334 <listitem>
335 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
337 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="du">
343 <term><command>du</command></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
346 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
347 each of the given files</para>
348 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
349 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
350 </indexterm>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353
354 <varlistentry id="echo">
355 <term><command>echo</command></term>
356 <listitem>
357 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
359 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="env">
365 <term><command>env</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
369 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="expand">
375 <term><command>expand</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
379 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="expr">
385 <term><command>expr</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
389 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="factor">
395 <term><command>factor</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
399 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="false">
405 <term><command>false</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
408 indicating failure</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
410 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="fmt">
416 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
420 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="fold">
426 <term><command>fold</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
430 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="groups">
436 <term><command>groups</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
439 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
440 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
441 </indexterm>
442 </listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry id="head">
446 <term><command>head</command></term>
447 <listitem>
448 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
449 of each given file</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
451 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="hostid">
457 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
461 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="hostname">
467 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
471 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="id">
477 <term><command>id</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
480 of the current user or specified user</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
482 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="install">
488 <term><command>install</command> </term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
491 possible, their owner and group</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
493 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="join">
499 <term><command>join</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
502 separate files</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
504 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="link">
510 <term><command>link</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
514 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="ln">
520 <term><command>ln</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
524 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="logname">
530 <term><command>logname</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
533 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
534 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
535 </indexterm>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
539 <varlistentry id="ls">
540 <term><command>ls</command></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
544 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
550 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
554 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
560 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
564 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
570 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
573 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
575 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="mknod">
581 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
584 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
586 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="mv">
592 <term><command>mv</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
596 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="nice">
602 <term><command>nice</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
606 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="nl">
612 <term><command>nl</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
616 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="nohup">
622 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
625 a log file</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
627 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="od">
633 <term><command>od</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
637 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="paste">
643 <term><command>paste</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
646 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
648 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
654 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
658 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="pinky">
664 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
667 about the given users</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
669 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="pr">
675 <term><command>pr</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
679 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="printenv">
685 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Prints the environment</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
689 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="printf">
695 <term><command>printf</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
698 like the C printf function</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
700 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="ptx">
706 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
709 with each keyword in its context</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
711 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="pwd">
717 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
721 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="readlink">
727 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
731 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="rm">
737 <term><command>rm</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
741 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
747 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
751 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="seq">
757 <term><command>seq</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
760 given increment</para>
761 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
762 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
763 </indexterm>
764 </listitem>
765 </varlistentry>
766
767 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
768 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
769 <listitem>
770 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
771 checksums</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
773 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
779 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
783 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
789 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
793 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
799 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
803 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
809 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
813 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="shred">
819 <term><command>shred</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
822 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
824 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="shuf">
830 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
834 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="sleep">
840 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
844 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="sort">
850 <term><command>sort</command></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
854 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="split">
860 <term><command>split</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
863 lines</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
865 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="stat">
871 <term><command>stat</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
875 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="stty">
881 <term><command>stty</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
885 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="sum">
891 <term><command>sum</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
895 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="sync">
901 <term><command>sync</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
904 and updates the super block</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
906 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="tac">
912 <term><command>tac</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
916 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="tail">
922 <term><command>tail</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
925 given file</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
927 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="tee">
933 <term><command>tee</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
936 and to the given files</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
938 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="test">
944 <term><command>test</command></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
948 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="touch">
954 <term><command>touch</command></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
957 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
958 are created with zero length</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
960 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="tr">
966 <term><command>tr</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
969 standard input</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
971 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="true">
977 <term><command>true</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
980 indicating success</para>
981 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
982 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
983 </indexterm>
984 </listitem>
985 </varlistentry>
986
987 <varlistentry id="tsort">
988 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
989 <listitem>
990 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
991 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
993 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="tty">
999 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1002 input</para>
1003 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1004 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1005 </indexterm>
1006 </listitem>
1007 </varlistentry>
1008
1009 <varlistentry id="uname">
1010 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1011 <listitem>
1012 <para>Reports system information</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1014 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1020 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1024 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1030 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1034 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1040 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1044 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="users">
1050 <term><command>users</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1054 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1060 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1064 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="wc">
1070 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1073 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1075 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="who">
1081 <term><command>who</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1085 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1091 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1094 user ID</para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1096 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="yes">
1102 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1105 killed</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1107 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 </variablelist>
1113
1114 </sect2>
1115
1116</sect1>
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