1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" xreflabel="Coreutils" role="wrap">
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7 | <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils"><primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <sect2 role="package"><title/>
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13 | <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
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14 | basic system characteristics.</para>
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15 |
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16 | <segmentedlist>
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17 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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18 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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19 | <seglistitem><seg>0.9 SBU</seg><seg>69 MB</seg></seglistitem>
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20 | </segmentedlist>
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21 |
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22 | <segmentedlist>
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23 | <segtitle>Coreutils installation depends on</segtitle>
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24 | <seglistitem><seg>Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, GCC,
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25 | Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed</seg></seglistitem>
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26 | </segmentedlist>
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27 | </sect2>
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28 |
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29 | <sect2 role="installation">
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30 | <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
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31 |
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32 | <para>Normally the functionality of <command>uname</command> is somewhat
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33 | broken, in that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always returns
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34 | <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch fixes this behavior for Intel
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35 | architectures:</para>
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36 |
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37 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-uname-2.patch</userinput></screen>
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38 |
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39 | <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be later be installed
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40 | by other programs:</para>
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41 |
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42 | <screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-&coreutils-version;-suppress_uptime_kill_su-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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43 |
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44 | <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
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45 |
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46 | <screen><userinput>DEFAULT_POSIX2_VERSION=199209 ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
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47 |
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48 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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49 |
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50 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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51 |
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52 | <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the presence
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53 | of files and users that aren't valid this early in the LFS build. We will
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54 | therefore have to set up a few things before being able to run the tests. If
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55 | you choose not to run these tests, skip down to <quote>Install the
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56 | package</quote>.</para>
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57 |
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58 | <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user name:</para>
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59 |
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60 | <screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000" >> /etc/group
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61 | echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" >> /etc/group
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62 | echo "dummy:x:1000:1000:::/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
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63 |
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64 | <para>Now you're all set to run the test suite. First run the few tests that
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65 | are meant to be run as <emphasis>root</emphasis>:</para>
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66 |
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67 | <screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
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68 |
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69 | <para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the <emphasis>dummy</emphasis>
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70 | user:</para>
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71 |
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72 | <screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
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73 |
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74 | <para>When you're done testing, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
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75 |
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76 | <screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
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77 |
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78 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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79 |
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80 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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81 |
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82 | <para>And move some programs to their proper locations:</para>
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83 |
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84 | <screen><userinput>mv /usr/bin/{[,basename,cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,dd,df} /bin
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85 | mv /usr/bin/{date,echo,false,head,install,ln,ls} /bin
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86 | mv /usr/bin/{mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm,rmdir,sync} /bin
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87 | mv /usr/bin/{sleep,stty,test,touch,true,uname} /bin
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88 | mv /usr/bin/hostname /bin
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89 | mv /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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90 |
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91 | <para>Finally, create a symlink to be FHS-compliant:</para>
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92 |
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93 | <screen><userinput>ln -s ../../bin/install /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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94 |
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95 | </sect2>
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96 |
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97 |
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98 | <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content"><title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
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99 |
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100 | <segmentedlist>
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101 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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102 | <seglistitem><seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod,
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103 | chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
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104 | dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head,
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105 | hostid, hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum,
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106 | mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
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107 | printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred, sleep,
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108 | sort, split, stat, stty, su, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true,
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109 | tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, uptime, users, vdir, wc, who,
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110 | whoami and yes</seg></seglistitem>
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111 | </segmentedlist>
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112 |
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113 | <variablelist><title>Short descriptions</title>
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114 |
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115 | <varlistentry id="basename">
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116 | <term><command>basename</command></term>
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117 | <listitem>
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118 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename"><primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary></indexterm>
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119 | <para>strips any path and a given suffix from the given file name.</para>
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120 | </listitem>
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121 | </varlistentry>
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122 |
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123 | <varlistentry id="cat">
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124 | <term><command>cat</command></term>
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125 | <listitem>
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126 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat"><primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary></indexterm>
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127 | <para>concatenates files to standard output.</para>
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128 | </listitem>
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129 | </varlistentry>
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130 |
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131 | <varlistentry id="chgrp">
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132 | <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
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133 | <listitem>
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134 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp"><primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary></indexterm>
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135 | <para>changes the group ownership of each given file to the given group. The
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136 | group can be either given a a name or a numeric ID.</para>
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137 | </listitem>
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138 | </varlistentry>
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139 |
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140 | <varlistentry id="chmod">
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141 | <term><command>chmod</command></term>
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142 | <listitem>
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143 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod"><primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary></indexterm>
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144 | <para>changes the permissions of each given file
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145 | to the given mode. The mode can be either a symbolic representation of the
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146 | changes to make, or an octal number representing the new permissions.</para>
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147 | </listitem>
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148 | </varlistentry>
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149 |
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150 | <varlistentry id="chown">
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151 | <term><command>chown</command></term>
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152 | <listitem>
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153 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown"><primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary></indexterm>
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154 | <para>changes the user and/or group ownership of
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155 | each given file to the given user:group pair.</para>
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156 | </listitem>
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157 | </varlistentry>
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158 |
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159 | <varlistentry id="chroot">
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160 | <term><command>chroot</command></term>
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161 | <listitem>
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162 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot"><primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary></indexterm>
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163 | <para>runs a given command with the specified directory as the
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164 | <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory. The given command can be an interactive shell.
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165 | On most systems only <emphasis>root</emphasis> can do this.</para>
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166 | </listitem>
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167 | </varlistentry>
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168 |
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169 | <varlistentry id="cksum">
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170 | <term><command>cksum</command></term>
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171 | <listitem>
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172 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum"><primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary></indexterm>
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173 | <para>prints the CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) checksum and the byte
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174 | counts of each specified file.</para>
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175 | </listitem>
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176 | </varlistentry>
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177 |
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178 | <varlistentry id="comm">
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179 | <term><command>comm</command></term>
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180 | <listitem>
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181 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm"><primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary></indexterm>
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182 | <para>compares two sorted files, outputting in
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183 | three columns the lines that are unique, and the lines that are common.</para>
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184 | </listitem>
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185 | </varlistentry>
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186 |
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187 | <varlistentry id="cp">
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188 | <term><command>cp</command></term>
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189 | <listitem>
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190 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp"><primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary></indexterm>
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191 | <para>copies files.</para>
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192 | </listitem>
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193 | </varlistentry>
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194 |
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195 | <varlistentry id="csplit">
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196 | <term><command>csplit</command></term>
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197 | <listitem>
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198 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit"><primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary></indexterm>
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199 | <para>splits a given file into several new files,
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200 | separating them according to given patterns or line numbers, and outputting
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201 | the byte count of each new file.</para>
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202 | </listitem>
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203 | </varlistentry>
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204 |
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205 | <varlistentry id="cut">
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206 | <term><command>cut</command></term>
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207 | <listitem>
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208 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut"><primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary></indexterm>
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209 | <para>prints parts of lines, selecting the parts
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210 | according to given fields or positions.</para>
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211 | </listitem>
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212 | </varlistentry>
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213 |
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214 | <varlistentry id="date">
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215 | <term><command>date</command></term>
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216 | <listitem>
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217 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date"><primary sortas="b-date">date</primary></indexterm>
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218 | <para>displays the current time in the given format, or sets the system date.</para>
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219 | </listitem>
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220 | </varlistentry>
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221 |
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222 | <varlistentry id="dd">
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223 | <term><command>dd</command> </term>
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224 | <listitem>
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225 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd"><primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary></indexterm>
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226 | <para>copies a file using the given block size and
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227 | count, while optionally performing conversions on it.</para>
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228 | </listitem>
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229 | </varlistentry>
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230 |
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231 | <varlistentry id="df">
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232 | <term><command>df</command></term>
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233 | <listitem>
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234 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df"><primary sortas="b-df">df</primary></indexterm>
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235 | <para>reports the amount of disk space available
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236 | (and used) on all mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the
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237 | given files.</para>
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238 | </listitem>
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239 | </varlistentry>
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240 |
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241 | <varlistentry id="dir">
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242 | <term><command>dir</command></term>
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243 | <listitem>
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244 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir"><primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary></indexterm>
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245 | <para>is the same as <command>ls</command>.</para>
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246 | </listitem>
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247 | </varlistentry>
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248 |
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249 | <varlistentry id="dircolors">
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250 | <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
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251 | <listitem>
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252 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors"><primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary></indexterm>
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253 | <para>outputs commands to set the LS_COLOR
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254 | environment variable, to change the color scheme used by <command>ls</command>.</para>
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255 | </listitem>
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256 | </varlistentry>
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257 |
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258 | <varlistentry id="dirname">
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259 | <term><command>dirname</command></term>
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260 | <listitem>
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261 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname"><primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary></indexterm>
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262 | <para>strips the non-directory suffix from a given file name.</para>
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263 | </listitem>
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264 | </varlistentry>
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265 |
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266 | <varlistentry id="du">
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267 | <term><command>du</command></term>
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268 | <listitem>
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269 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du"><primary sortas="b-du">du</primary></indexterm>
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270 | <para>reports the amount of disk space used by the
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271 | current directory, or by each of the given directories including all their
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272 | subdirectories, or by each of the given files.</para>
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273 | </listitem>
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274 | </varlistentry>
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275 |
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276 | <varlistentry id="echo">
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277 | <term><command>echo</command></term>
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278 | <listitem>
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279 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo"><primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary></indexterm>
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280 | <para>displays the given strings.</para>
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281 | </listitem>
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282 | </varlistentry>
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283 |
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284 | <varlistentry id="env">
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285 | <term><command>env</command></term>
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286 | <listitem>
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287 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env"><primary sortas="b-env">env</primary></indexterm>
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288 | <para>runs a command in a modified environment.</para>
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289 | </listitem>
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290 | </varlistentry>
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291 |
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292 | <varlistentry id="expand">
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293 | <term><command>expand</command></term>
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294 | <listitem>
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295 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand"><primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary></indexterm>
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296 | <para>converts tabs to spaces.</para>
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297 | </listitem>
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298 | </varlistentry>
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299 |
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300 | <varlistentry id="expr">
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301 | <term><command>expr</command></term>
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302 | <listitem>
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303 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr"><primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary></indexterm>
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304 | <para>evaluates expressions.</para>
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305 | </listitem>
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306 | </varlistentry>
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307 |
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308 | <varlistentry id="factor">
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309 | <term><command>factor</command></term>
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310 | <listitem>
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311 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor"><primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary></indexterm>
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312 | <para>prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers.</para>
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313 | </listitem>
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314 | </varlistentry>
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315 |
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316 | <varlistentry id="false">
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317 | <term><command>false</command></term>
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318 | <listitem>
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319 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false"><primary sortas="b-false">false</primary></indexterm>
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320 | <para>does nothing, unsuccessfully. It always
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321 | exits with a status code indicating failure.</para>
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322 | </listitem>
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323 | </varlistentry>
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324 |
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325 | <varlistentry id="mt">
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326 | <term><command>fmt</command></term>
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327 | <listitem>
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328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mt"><primary sortas="b-mt">mt</primary></indexterm>
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329 | <para>reformats the paragraphs in the given files.</para>
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330 | </listitem>
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331 | </varlistentry>
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332 |
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333 | <varlistentry id="fold">
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334 | <term><command>fold</command></term>
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335 | <listitem>
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336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold"><primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary></indexterm>
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337 | <para>wraps the lines in the given files.</para>
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338 | </listitem>
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339 | </varlistentry>
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340 |
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341 | <varlistentry id="groups-coreutils">
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342 | <term><command>groups</command></term>
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343 | <listitem>
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344 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-groups-coreutils">groups</primary></indexterm>
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345 | <para>reports a user's group memberships.</para>
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346 | </listitem>
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347 | </varlistentry>
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348 |
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349 | <varlistentry id="head">
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350 | <term><command>head</command></term>
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351 | <listitem>
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352 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head"><primary sortas="b-head">head</primary></indexterm>
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353 | <para>prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file.</para>
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354 | </listitem>
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355 | </varlistentry>
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356 |
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357 | <varlistentry id="hostid">
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358 | <term><command>hostid</command></term>
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359 | <listitem>
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360 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid"><primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary></indexterm>
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361 | <para>reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host.</para>
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362 | </listitem>
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363 | </varlistentry>
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364 |
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365 | <varlistentry id="hostname-coreutils">
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366 | <term><command>hostname</command></term>
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367 | <listitem>
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368 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-hostname-coreutils">hostname</primary></indexterm>
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369 | <para>reports or sets the name of the host.</para>
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370 | </listitem>
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371 | </varlistentry>
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372 |
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373 | <varlistentry id="id">
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374 | <term><command>id</command></term>
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375 | <listitem>
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376 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id"><primary sortas="b-id">id</primary></indexterm>
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377 | <para>reports the effective user ID, group ID, and
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378 | group memberships of the current user, or of a given user.</para>
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379 | </listitem>
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380 | </varlistentry>
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381 |
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382 | <varlistentry id="install">
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383 | <term><command>install</command> </term>
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384 | <listitem>
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385 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install"><primary sortas="b-install">install</primary></indexterm>
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386 | <para>copies files while setting their
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387 | permission modes and, if possible, their owner and group.</para>
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388 | </listitem>
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389 | </varlistentry>
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390 |
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391 | <varlistentry id="join">
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392 | <term><command>join</command></term>
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393 | <listitem>
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394 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join"><primary sortas="b-join">join</primary></indexterm>
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395 | <para>joins from two files the lines that have identical join fields.</para>
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396 | </listitem>
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397 | </varlistentry>
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398 |
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399 | <varlistentry id="link">
|
---|
400 | <term><command>link</command></term>
|
---|
401 | <listitem>
|
---|
402 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link"><primary sortas="b-link">link</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
403 | <para>creates a hard link with the given name to the given file.</para>
|
---|
404 | </listitem>
|
---|
405 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
406 |
|
---|
407 | <varlistentry id="ln">
|
---|
408 | <term><command>ln</command></term>
|
---|
409 | <listitem>
|
---|
410 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln"><primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
411 | <para>makes hard links or soft links between files.</para>
|
---|
412 | </listitem>
|
---|
413 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
414 |
|
---|
415 | <varlistentry id="logname">
|
---|
416 | <term><command>logname</command></term>
|
---|
417 | <listitem>
|
---|
418 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname"><primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
419 | <para>reports the current user's login name.</para>
|
---|
420 | </listitem>
|
---|
421 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
422 |
|
---|
423 | <varlistentry id="ls">
|
---|
424 | <term><command>ls</command></term>
|
---|
425 | <listitem>
|
---|
426 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls"><primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
427 | <para>lists the contents of each given directory.
|
---|
428 | By default it orders the files and subdirectories alphabetically.</para>
|
---|
429 | </listitem>
|
---|
430 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
431 |
|
---|
432 | <varlistentry id="md5sum">
|
---|
433 | <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
|
---|
434 | <listitem>
|
---|
435 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum"><primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
436 | <para>reports or checks MD5 (Message Digest 5) checksums.</para>
|
---|
437 | </listitem>
|
---|
438 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
439 |
|
---|
440 | <varlistentry id="mkdir">
|
---|
441 | <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
|
---|
442 | <listitem>
|
---|
443 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir"><primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
444 | <para>creates directories with the given names.</para>
|
---|
445 | </listitem>
|
---|
446 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
447 |
|
---|
448 | <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
|
---|
449 | <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
|
---|
450 | <listitem>
|
---|
451 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo"><primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
452 | <para>creates FIFOs (First-In, First-Out, a <quote>named pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance) with
|
---|
453 | the given names.</para>
|
---|
454 | </listitem>
|
---|
455 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
456 |
|
---|
457 | <varlistentry id="mknod">
|
---|
458 | <term><command>mknod</command></term>
|
---|
459 | <listitem>
|
---|
460 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod"><primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
461 | <para>creates device nodes with the given names.
|
---|
462 | A device node is a character special file, or a block special file, or a FIFO.</para>
|
---|
463 | </listitem>
|
---|
464 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
465 |
|
---|
466 | <varlistentry id="mv">
|
---|
467 | <term><command>mv</command></term>
|
---|
468 | <listitem>
|
---|
469 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv"><primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
470 | <para>moves or renames files or directories.</para>
|
---|
471 | </listitem>
|
---|
472 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
473 |
|
---|
474 | <varlistentry id="nice">
|
---|
475 | <term><command>nice</command></term>
|
---|
476 | <listitem>
|
---|
477 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice"><primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
478 | <para>runs a program with modified scheduling priority.</para>
|
---|
479 | </listitem>
|
---|
480 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
481 |
|
---|
482 | <varlistentry id="nl">
|
---|
483 | <term><command>nl</command></term>
|
---|
484 | <listitem>
|
---|
485 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl"><primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
486 | <para>numbers the lines from the given files.</para>
|
---|
487 | </listitem>
|
---|
488 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
489 |
|
---|
490 | <varlistentry id="nohup">
|
---|
491 | <term><command>nohup</command></term>
|
---|
492 | <listitem>
|
---|
493 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup"><primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
494 | <para>runs a command immune to hangups, with
|
---|
495 | output redirected to a log file.</para>
|
---|
496 | </listitem>
|
---|
497 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
498 |
|
---|
499 | <varlistentry id="od">
|
---|
500 | <term><command>od</command></term>
|
---|
501 | <listitem>
|
---|
502 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od"><primary sortas="b-od">od</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
503 | <para>dumps files in octal and other formats.</para>
|
---|
504 | </listitem>
|
---|
505 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
506 |
|
---|
507 | <varlistentry id="paste">
|
---|
508 | <term><command>paste</command></term>
|
---|
509 | <listitem>
|
---|
510 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste"><primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
511 | <para>merges the given files, joining
|
---|
512 | sequentially corresponding lines side by side, separated by tab characters..</para>
|
---|
513 | </listitem>
|
---|
514 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
515 |
|
---|
516 | <varlistentry id="pathchk">
|
---|
517 | <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
|
---|
518 | <listitem>
|
---|
519 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk"><primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
520 | <para>checks whether file names are valid or portable.</para>
|
---|
521 | </listitem>
|
---|
522 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
523 |
|
---|
524 | <varlistentry id="pinky">
|
---|
525 | <term><command>pinky</command></term>
|
---|
526 | <listitem>
|
---|
527 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky"><primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
528 | <para>is a lightweight finger. It reports some information about the given users.</para>
|
---|
529 | </listitem>
|
---|
530 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
531 |
|
---|
532 | <varlistentry id="pr">
|
---|
533 | <term><command>pr</command></term>
|
---|
534 | <listitem>
|
---|
535 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr"><primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
536 | <para>paginates and columnates files for printing.</para>
|
---|
537 | </listitem>
|
---|
538 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
539 |
|
---|
540 | <varlistentry id="printenv">
|
---|
541 | <term><command>printenv</command></term>
|
---|
542 | <listitem>
|
---|
543 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv"><primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
544 | <para>prints the environment.</para>
|
---|
545 | </listitem>
|
---|
546 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
547 |
|
---|
548 | <varlistentry id="printf">
|
---|
549 | <term><command>printf</command></term>
|
---|
550 | <listitem>
|
---|
551 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf"><primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
552 | <para>prints the given arguments according to the
|
---|
553 | given format -- much like the C printf function.</para>
|
---|
554 | </listitem>
|
---|
555 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
556 |
|
---|
557 | <varlistentry id="ptx">
|
---|
558 | <term><command>ptx</command></term>
|
---|
559 | <listitem>
|
---|
560 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx"><primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
561 | <para>produces from the contents of the given files
|
---|
562 | a permuted index, with each keyword in its context.</para>
|
---|
563 | </listitem>
|
---|
564 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
565 |
|
---|
566 | <varlistentry id="pwd">
|
---|
567 | <term><command>pwd</command></term>
|
---|
568 | <listitem>
|
---|
569 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd"><primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
570 | <para>reports the name of the current directory.</para>
|
---|
571 | </listitem>
|
---|
572 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
573 |
|
---|
574 | <varlistentry id="readlink">
|
---|
575 | <term><command>readlink</command></term>
|
---|
576 | <listitem>
|
---|
577 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink"><primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
578 | <para>reports the value of the given symbolic link.</para>
|
---|
579 | </listitem>
|
---|
580 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
581 |
|
---|
582 | <varlistentry id="rm">
|
---|
583 | <term><command>rm</command></term>
|
---|
584 | <listitem>
|
---|
585 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm"><primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
586 | <para>removes files or directories.</para>
|
---|
587 | </listitem>
|
---|
588 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
589 |
|
---|
590 | <varlistentry id="rmdir">
|
---|
591 | <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
|
---|
592 | <listitem>
|
---|
593 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir"><primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
594 | <para>removes directories, if they are empty.</para>
|
---|
595 | </listitem>
|
---|
596 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
597 |
|
---|
598 | <varlistentry id="seq">
|
---|
599 | <term><command>seq</command></term>
|
---|
600 | <listitem>
|
---|
601 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq"><primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
602 | <para>prints a sequence of numbers, within a given
|
---|
603 | range and with a given increment.</para>
|
---|
604 | </listitem>
|
---|
605 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
606 |
|
---|
607 | <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
|
---|
608 | <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
|
---|
609 | <listitem>
|
---|
610 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum"><primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
611 | <para>prints or checks 160-bit SHA1 checksums.</para>
|
---|
612 | </listitem>
|
---|
613 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
614 |
|
---|
615 | <varlistentry id="shred">
|
---|
616 | <term><command>shred</command></term>
|
---|
617 | <listitem>
|
---|
618 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred"><primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
619 | <para>overwrites the given files repeatedly with
|
---|
620 | strange patterns, to make it real hard to recover the data.</para>
|
---|
621 | </listitem>
|
---|
622 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
623 |
|
---|
624 | <varlistentry id="sleep">
|
---|
625 | <term><command>sleep</command></term>
|
---|
626 | <listitem>
|
---|
627 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep"><primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
628 | <para>pauses for the given amount of time.</para>
|
---|
629 | </listitem>
|
---|
630 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
631 |
|
---|
632 | <varlistentry id="sort">
|
---|
633 | <term><command>sort</command></term>
|
---|
634 | <listitem>
|
---|
635 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort"><primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
636 | <para>sorts the lines from the given files.</para>
|
---|
637 | </listitem>
|
---|
638 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
639 |
|
---|
640 | <varlistentry id="split">
|
---|
641 | <term><command>split</command></term>
|
---|
642 | <listitem>
|
---|
643 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split"><primary sortas="b-split">split</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
644 | <para>splits the given file into pieces, by size or by numbspliter of lines.</para>
|
---|
645 | </listitem>
|
---|
646 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
647 |
|
---|
648 | <varlistentry id="stty">
|
---|
649 | <term><command>stty</command></term>
|
---|
650 | <listitem>
|
---|
651 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty"><primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
652 | <para>sets or reports terminal line settings.</para>
|
---|
653 | </listitem>
|
---|
654 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
655 |
|
---|
656 | <varlistentry id="su">
|
---|
657 | <term><command>su</command></term>
|
---|
658 | <listitem>
|
---|
659 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils su"><primary sortas="b-su">su</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
660 | <para>runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs.</para>
|
---|
661 | </listitem>
|
---|
662 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
663 |
|
---|
664 | <varlistentry id="sum">
|
---|
665 | <term><command>sum</command></term>
|
---|
666 | <listitem>
|
---|
667 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum"><primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
668 | <para>prints checksum and block counts for each given file.</para>
|
---|
669 | </listitem>
|
---|
670 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
671 |
|
---|
672 | <varlistentry id="sync">
|
---|
673 | <term><command>sync</command></term>
|
---|
674 | <listitem>
|
---|
675 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync"><primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
676 | <para>flushes file system buffers. It forces
|
---|
677 | changed blocks to disk and updates the super block.</para>
|
---|
678 | </listitem>
|
---|
679 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
680 |
|
---|
681 | <varlistentry id="tac">
|
---|
682 | <term><command>tac</command></term>
|
---|
683 | <listitem>
|
---|
684 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac"><primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
685 | <para>concatenates the given files in reverse.</para>
|
---|
686 | </listitem>
|
---|
687 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
688 |
|
---|
689 | <varlistentry id="tail">
|
---|
690 | <term><command>tail</command></term>
|
---|
691 | <listitem>
|
---|
692 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail"><primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
693 | <para>prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each given file.</para>
|
---|
694 | </listitem>
|
---|
695 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
696 |
|
---|
697 | <varlistentry id="tee">
|
---|
698 | <term><command>tee</command></term>
|
---|
699 | <listitem>
|
---|
700 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee"><primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
701 | <para>reads from standard input while writing both
|
---|
702 | to standard output and to the given files.</para>
|
---|
703 | </listitem>
|
---|
704 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
705 |
|
---|
706 | <varlistentry id="test">
|
---|
707 | <term><command>test</command></term>
|
---|
708 | <listitem>
|
---|
709 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test"><primary sortas="b-test">test</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
710 | <para>compares values and checks file types.</para>
|
---|
711 | </listitem>
|
---|
712 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
713 |
|
---|
714 | <varlistentry id="touch">
|
---|
715 | <term><command>touch</command></term>
|
---|
716 | <listitem>
|
---|
717 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch"><primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
718 | <para>changes file timestamps, setting the access
|
---|
719 | and modification times of the given files to the current time. Files that do
|
---|
720 | not exist are created with zero length.</para>
|
---|
721 | </listitem>
|
---|
722 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
723 |
|
---|
724 | <varlistentry id="tr">
|
---|
725 | <term><command>tr</command></term>
|
---|
726 | <listitem>
|
---|
727 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr"><primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
728 | <para>translates, squeezes, and deletes the given
|
---|
729 | characters from standard input.</para>
|
---|
730 | </listitem>
|
---|
731 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
732 |
|
---|
733 | <varlistentry id="true">
|
---|
734 | <term><command>true</command></term>
|
---|
735 | <listitem>
|
---|
736 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true"><primary sortas="b-true">true</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
737 | <para>does nothing, successfully. It always exits
|
---|
738 | with a status code indicating success.</para>
|
---|
739 | </listitem>
|
---|
740 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
741 |
|
---|
742 | <varlistentry id="tsort">
|
---|
743 | <term><command>tsort</command></term>
|
---|
744 | <listitem>
|
---|
745 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort"><primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
746 | <para>performs a topological sort. It writes a
|
---|
747 | totally ordered list according to the partial ordering in a given file.</para>
|
---|
748 | </listitem>
|
---|
749 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
750 |
|
---|
751 | <varlistentry id="tty">
|
---|
752 | <term><command>tty</command></term>
|
---|
753 | <listitem>
|
---|
754 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty"><primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
755 | <para>reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.</para>
|
---|
756 | </listitem>
|
---|
757 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
758 |
|
---|
759 | <varlistentry id="uname">
|
---|
760 | <term><command>uname</command></term>
|
---|
761 | <listitem>
|
---|
762 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname"><primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
763 | <para>reports system information.</para>
|
---|
764 | </listitem>
|
---|
765 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
766 |
|
---|
767 | <varlistentry id="unexpand">
|
---|
768 | <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
|
---|
769 | <listitem>
|
---|
770 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand"><primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
771 | <para>converts spaces to tabs.</para>
|
---|
772 | </listitem>
|
---|
773 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
774 |
|
---|
775 | <varlistentry id="uniq">
|
---|
776 | <term><command>uniq</command></term>
|
---|
777 | <listitem>
|
---|
778 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq"><primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
779 | <para>discards all but one of successive identical lines.</para>
|
---|
780 | </listitem>
|
---|
781 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
782 |
|
---|
783 | <varlistentry id="unlink">
|
---|
784 | <term><command>unlink</command></term>
|
---|
785 | <listitem>
|
---|
786 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink"><primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
787 | <para>removes the given file.</para>
|
---|
788 | </listitem>
|
---|
789 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
790 |
|
---|
791 | <varlistentry id="uptime-coreutils">
|
---|
792 | <term><command>uptime</command></term>
|
---|
793 | <listitem>
|
---|
794 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uptime-coreutils"><primary sortas="b-uptime-coreutils">uptime</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
795 | <para>reports how long the system has been
|
---|
796 | running, how many users are logged on, and the system load averages.</para>
|
---|
797 | </listitem>
|
---|
798 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
799 |
|
---|
800 | <varlistentry id="users">
|
---|
801 | <term><command>users</command></term>
|
---|
802 | <listitem>
|
---|
803 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users"><primary sortas="b-users">users</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
804 | <para>reports the names of the users currently logged on.</para>
|
---|
805 | </listitem>
|
---|
806 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
807 |
|
---|
808 | <varlistentry id="vdir">
|
---|
809 | <term><command>vdir</command></term>
|
---|
810 | <listitem>
|
---|
811 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir"><primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
812 | <para>is the same as <command>ls -l</command>.</para>
|
---|
813 | </listitem>
|
---|
814 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
815 |
|
---|
816 | <varlistentry id="wc">
|
---|
817 | <term><command>wc</command></term>
|
---|
818 | <listitem>
|
---|
819 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc"><primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
820 | <para>reports the number of lines, words, and bytes
|
---|
821 | for each given file, and a total line when more than one file is given.</para>
|
---|
822 | </listitem>
|
---|
823 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
824 |
|
---|
825 | <varlistentry id="who">
|
---|
826 | <term><command>who</command></term>
|
---|
827 | <listitem>
|
---|
828 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who"><primary sortas="b-who">who</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
829 | <para>reports who is logged on.</para>
|
---|
830 | </listitem>
|
---|
831 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
832 |
|
---|
833 | <varlistentry id="whoami">
|
---|
834 | <term><command>whoami</command></term>
|
---|
835 | <listitem>
|
---|
836 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami"><primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
837 | <para>reports the user name associated with the current effective user ID.</para>
|
---|
838 | </listitem>
|
---|
839 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
840 |
|
---|
841 | <varlistentry id="yes">
|
---|
842 | <term><command>yes</command></term>
|
---|
843 | <listitem>
|
---|
844 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes"><primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
845 | <para>outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string repeatedly, until killed.</para>
|
---|
846 | </listitem>
|
---|
847 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
848 | </variablelist>
|
---|
849 |
|
---|
850 | </sect2>
|
---|
851 |
|
---|
852 | </sect1>
|
---|