source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ a5933e2

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Last change on this file since a5933e2 was a5933e2, checked in by Randy McMurchy <randy@…>, 16 years ago

Updated Coreutils to 6.12, thanks to William Immendorf for contributing a patch to add the mktemp program information to the Coreutils page

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8581 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 39.3 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>Coreutils sometimes fails to buld when using an old kernel so apply
52 a patch:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-old-kernel-patch;</userinput></screen>
55
56 <!-- <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
57 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
58 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
61
62 <note>
63 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
64 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
65 without this patch.</para>
66 </note> -->
67
68 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-install-program=hostname --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
71
72 <variablelist>
73 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
74
75 <varlistentry>
76 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
77 <listitem>
78 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
79 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
80 </para>
81 </listitem>
82 </varlistentry>
83 </variablelist>
84
85 <para>Compile the package:</para>
86
87<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
88
89 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
90 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
91
92 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
93 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
98 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
99 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
100 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
101 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
106 run the tests:</para>
107
108<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -v nobody gnulib-tests/.deps</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Install the package:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
125mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
126mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
127mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
128
129 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
130 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
131 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
132 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
133 need to be on the root partition:</para>
134
135<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
136
137 </sect2>
138
139
140 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
141 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
142
143 <segmentedlist>
144 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
145
146 <seglistitem>
147 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
148 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
149 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
150 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
151 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
152 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
153 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
154 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
155 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
156 </seglistitem>
157 </segmentedlist>
158
159 <variablelist>
160 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
161 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
162 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
163
164 <varlistentry id="base64">
165 <term><command>base64</command></term>
166 <listitem>
167 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
168 specification</para>
169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
170 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
171 </indexterm>
172 </listitem>
173 </varlistentry>
174
175 <varlistentry id="basename">
176 <term><command>basename</command></term>
177 <listitem>
178 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
180 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
181 </indexterm>
182 </listitem>
183 </varlistentry>
184
185 <varlistentry id="cat">
186 <term><command>cat</command></term>
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
190 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
191 </indexterm>
192 </listitem>
193 </varlistentry>
194
195 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
196 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
197 <listitem>
198 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
200 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
201 </indexterm>
202 </listitem>
203 </varlistentry>
204
205 <varlistentry id="chmod">
206 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
209 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
210 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
212 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="chown">
218 <term><command>chown</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
221 directories</para>
222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
223 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
224 </indexterm>
225 </listitem>
226 </varlistentry>
227
228 <varlistentry id="chroot">
229 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
230 <listitem>
231 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
232 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
233 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
234 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
235 </indexterm>
236 </listitem>
237 </varlistentry>
238
239 <varlistentry id="cksum">
240 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
241 <listitem>
242 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
243 counts of each specified file</para>
244 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
245 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
246 </indexterm>
247 </listitem>
248 </varlistentry>
249
250 <varlistentry id="comm">
251 <term><command>comm</command></term>
252 <listitem>
253 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
254 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
255 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
256 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
257 </indexterm>
258 </listitem>
259 </varlistentry>
260
261 <varlistentry id="cp">
262 <term><command>cp</command></term>
263 <listitem>
264 <para>Copies files</para>
265 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
266 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
267 </indexterm>
268 </listitem>
269 </varlistentry>
270
271 <varlistentry id="csplit">
272 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
273 <listitem>
274 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
275 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
276 count of each new file</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
278 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="cut">
284 <term><command>cut</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
287 fields or positions</para>
288 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
289 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
290 </indexterm>
291 </listitem>
292 </varlistentry>
293
294 <varlistentry id="date">
295 <term><command>date</command></term>
296 <listitem>
297 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
298 system date</para>
299 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
300 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302 </listitem>
303 </varlistentry>
304
305 <varlistentry id="dd">
306 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
307 <listitem>
308 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
309 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
310 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
311 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
312 </indexterm>
313 </listitem>
314 </varlistentry>
315
316 <varlistentry id="df">
317 <term><command>df</command></term>
318 <listitem>
319 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
320 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
321 files</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
323 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="dir">
329 <term><command>dir</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
332 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
333 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
334 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
335 </indexterm>
336 </listitem>
337 </varlistentry>
338
339 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
340 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
343 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
344 <command>ls</command></para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
346 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="dirname">
352 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
355 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
356 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
357 </indexterm>
358 </listitem>
359 </varlistentry>
360
361 <varlistentry id="du">
362 <term><command>du</command></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
365 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
366 each of the given files</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
368 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="echo">
374 <term><command>echo</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
377 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
378 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
379 </indexterm>
380 </listitem>
381 </varlistentry>
382
383 <varlistentry id="env">
384 <term><command>env</command></term>
385 <listitem>
386 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
387 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
388 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
389 </indexterm>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392
393 <varlistentry id="expand">
394 <term><command>expand</command></term>
395 <listitem>
396 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
398 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="expr">
404 <term><command>expr</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
408 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="factor">
414 <term><command>factor</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
418 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="false">
424 <term><command>false</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
427 indicating failure</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
429 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="fmt">
435 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
439 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="fold">
445 <term><command>fold</command></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
449 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="groups">
455 <term><command>groups</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
459 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
460 </indexterm>
461 </listitem>
462 </varlistentry>
463
464 <varlistentry id="head">
465 <term><command>head</command></term>
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
468 of each given file</para>
469 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
470 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
471 </indexterm>
472 </listitem>
473 </varlistentry>
474
475 <varlistentry id="hostid">
476 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
477 <listitem>
478 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
479 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
480 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
481 </indexterm>
482 </listitem>
483 </varlistentry>
484
485 <varlistentry id="hostname">
486 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
487 <listitem>
488 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
490 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="id">
496 <term><command>id</command></term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
499 of the current user or specified user</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
501 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="install">
507 <term><command>install</command> </term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
510 possible, their owner and group</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
512 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="join">
518 <term><command>join</command></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
521 separate files</para>
522 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
523 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
524 </indexterm>
525 </listitem>
526 </varlistentry>
527
528 <varlistentry id="link">
529 <term><command>link</command></term>
530 <listitem>
531 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
533 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 <varlistentry id="ln">
539 <term><command>ln</command></term>
540 <listitem>
541 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
543 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="logname">
549 <term><command>logname</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
553 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="ls">
559 <term><command>ls</command></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
563 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
569 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
573 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
579 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
583 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
589 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
592 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
593 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
594 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
595 </indexterm>
596 </listitem>
597 </varlistentry>
598
599 <varlistentry id="mknod">
600 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
601 <listitem>
602 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
603 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
604 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
605 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
606 </indexterm>
607 </listitem>
608 </varlistentry>
609
610 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
611 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
612 <listitem>
613 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
614 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
615 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
616 </indexterm>
617 </listitem>
618 </varlistentry>
619
620 <varlistentry id="mv">
621 <term><command>mv</command></term>
622 <listitem>
623 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
625 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="nice">
631 <term><command>nice</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
635 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="nl">
641 <term><command>nl</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
644 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
645 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
646 </indexterm>
647 </listitem>
648 </varlistentry>
649
650 <varlistentry id="nohup">
651 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
654 a log file</para>
655 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
656 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
657 </indexterm>
658 </listitem>
659 </varlistentry>
660
661 <varlistentry id="od">
662 <term><command>od</command></term>
663 <listitem>
664 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
666 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
667 </indexterm>
668 </listitem>
669 </varlistentry>
670
671 <varlistentry id="paste">
672 <term><command>paste</command></term>
673 <listitem>
674 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
675 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
677 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
683 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
687 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="pinky">
693 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
696 about the given users</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
698 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="pr">
704 <term><command>pr</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
708 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="printenv">
714 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Prints the environment</para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
718 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="printf">
724 <term><command>printf</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
727 like the C printf function</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
729 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="ptx">
735 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
738 with each keyword in its context</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
740 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="pwd">
746 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
750 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="readlink">
756 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
760 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="rm">
766 <term><command>rm</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
770 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
776 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
780 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="seq">
786 <term><command>seq</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
789 given increment</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
791 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
797 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
800 checksums</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
802 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
808 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
812 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
818 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
822 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
828 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
832 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
838 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
842 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
843 </indexterm>
844 </listitem>
845 </varlistentry>
846
847 <varlistentry id="shred">
848 <term><command>shred</command></term>
849 <listitem>
850 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
851 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
853 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="shuf">
859 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
862 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
863 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
864 </indexterm>
865 </listitem>
866 </varlistentry>
867
868 <varlistentry id="sleep">
869 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
870 <listitem>
871 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
873 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="sort">
879 <term><command>sort</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
882 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
883 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
884 </indexterm>
885 </listitem>
886 </varlistentry>
887
888 <varlistentry id="split">
889 <term><command>split</command></term>
890 <listitem>
891 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
892 lines</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
894 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="stat">
900 <term><command>stat</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
903 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
904 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
905 </indexterm>
906 </listitem>
907 </varlistentry>
908
909 <varlistentry id="stty">
910 <term><command>stty</command></term>
911 <listitem>
912 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
914 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="sum">
920 <term><command>sum</command></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
924 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="sync">
930 <term><command>sync</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
933 and updates the super block</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
935 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="tac">
941 <term><command>tac</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
944 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
945 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
946 </indexterm>
947 </listitem>
948 </varlistentry>
949
950 <varlistentry id="tail">
951 <term><command>tail</command></term>
952 <listitem>
953 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
954 given file</para>
955 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
956 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
957 </indexterm>
958 </listitem>
959 </varlistentry>
960
961 <varlistentry id="tee">
962 <term><command>tee</command></term>
963 <listitem>
964 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
965 and to the given files</para>
966 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
967 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
968 </indexterm>
969 </listitem>
970 </varlistentry>
971
972 <varlistentry id="test">
973 <term><command>test</command></term>
974 <listitem>
975 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
976 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
977 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
978 </indexterm>
979 </listitem>
980 </varlistentry>
981
982 <varlistentry id="touch">
983 <term><command>touch</command></term>
984 <listitem>
985 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
986 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
987 are created with zero length</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
989 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="tr">
995 <term><command>tr</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
998 standard input</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1000 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="true">
1006 <term><command>true</command></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1009 indicating success</para>
1010 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1011 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1012 </indexterm>
1013 </listitem>
1014 </varlistentry>
1015
1016 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1017 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1018 <listitem>
1019 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1020 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1022 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="tty">
1028 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1031 input</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1033 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="uname">
1039 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Reports system information</para>
1042 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1043 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1044 </indexterm>
1045 </listitem>
1046 </varlistentry>
1047
1048 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1049 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1050 <listitem>
1051 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1053 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1059 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1062 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1063 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1064 </indexterm>
1065 </listitem>
1066 </varlistentry>
1067
1068 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1069 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1070 <listitem>
1071 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1072 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1073 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1074 </indexterm>
1075 </listitem>
1076 </varlistentry>
1077
1078 <varlistentry id="users">
1079 <term><command>users</command></term>
1080 <listitem>
1081 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1082 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1083 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1084 </indexterm>
1085 </listitem>
1086 </varlistentry>
1087
1088 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1089 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1090 <listitem>
1091 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1092 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1093 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1094 </indexterm>
1095 </listitem>
1096 </varlistentry>
1097
1098 <varlistentry id="wc">
1099 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1100 <listitem>
1101 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1102 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1103 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1104 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1105 </indexterm>
1106 </listitem>
1107 </varlistentry>
1108
1109 <varlistentry id="who">
1110 <term><command>who</command></term>
1111 <listitem>
1112 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1113 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1114 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1115 </indexterm>
1116 </listitem>
1117 </varlistentry>
1118
1119 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1120 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1121 <listitem>
1122 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1123 user ID</para>
1124 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1125 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1126 </indexterm>
1127 </listitem>
1128 </varlistentry>
1129
1130 <varlistentry id="yes">
1131 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1132 <listitem>
1133 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1134 killed</para>
1135 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1136 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1137 </indexterm>
1138 </listitem>
1139 </varlistentry>
1140
1141 </variablelist>
1142
1143 </sect2>
1144
1145</sect1>
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