source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ b17411e

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Last change on this file since b17411e was b17411e, checked in by Krejzi <krejzi@…>, 10 years ago

Fix segfault in shuf program from Coreutils.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10545 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47
48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
51
52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
58 </note>
59
60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
65
66 <variablelist>
67 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
68
69 <varlistentry>
70 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
71 <listitem>
72 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
73 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
74 </para>
75 </listitem>
76 </varlistentry>
77 </variablelist>
78
79 <para>Compile the package:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
84 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
85
86 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
87 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
88
89<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
92 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
93 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
94 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
95 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
96
97<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
98
99 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
100 run the tests:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
105 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
108 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Install the package:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
121mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
122mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname,test,[} /bin
123mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
124mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
125sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
128 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
129 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
130 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
131 need to be on the root partition:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
134
135 </sect2>
136
137 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
138 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
139
140 <segmentedlist>
141 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
142 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
143 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
144
145 <seglistitem>
146 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
147 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
148 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
149 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
150 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
151 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
152 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
153 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
154 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
155 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
156 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
157 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
158 </seglistitem>
159 </segmentedlist>
160
161 <variablelist>
162 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
163 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
164 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
165
166 <varlistentry id="base64">
167 <term><command>base64</command></term>
168 <listitem>
169 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
170 specification</para>
171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
172 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
173 </indexterm>
174 </listitem>
175 </varlistentry>
176
177 <varlistentry id="basename">
178 <term><command>basename</command></term>
179 <listitem>
180 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
182 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
183 </indexterm>
184 </listitem>
185 </varlistentry>
186
187 <varlistentry id="cat">
188 <term><command>cat</command></term>
189 <listitem>
190 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
192 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
193 </indexterm>
194 </listitem>
195 </varlistentry>
196
197 <varlistentry id="chcon">
198 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
199 <listitem>
200 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
201 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
202 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
203 </indexterm>
204 </listitem>
205 </varlistentry>
206
207 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
208 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
209 <listitem>
210 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
212 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
213 </indexterm>
214 </listitem>
215 </varlistentry>
216
217 <varlistentry id="chmod">
218 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
219 <listitem>
220 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
221 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
222 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
224 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="chown">
230 <term><command>chown</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
233 directories</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
235 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="chroot">
241 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
244 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
246 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="cksum">
252 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
255 counts of each specified file</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
257 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="comm">
263 <term><command>comm</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
266 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
267 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
268 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
269 </indexterm>
270 </listitem>
271 </varlistentry>
272
273 <varlistentry id="cp">
274 <term><command>cp</command></term>
275 <listitem>
276 <para>Copies files</para>
277 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
278 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
279 </indexterm>
280 </listitem>
281 </varlistentry>
282
283 <varlistentry id="csplit">
284 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
285 <listitem>
286 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
287 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
288 count of each new file</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
290 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="cut">
296 <term><command>cut</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
299 fields or positions</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
301 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="date">
307 <term><command>date</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
310 system date</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
312 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="dd">
318 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
321 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
323 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="df">
329 <term><command>df</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
332 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
333 files</para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
335 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="dir">
341 <term><command>dir</command></term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
344 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
346 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
352 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
355 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
356 <command>ls</command></para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
358 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="dirname">
364 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
367 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
368 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
369 </indexterm>
370 </listitem>
371 </varlistentry>
372
373 <varlistentry id="du">
374 <term><command>du</command></term>
375 <listitem>
376 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
377 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
378 each of the given files</para>
379 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
380 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
381 </indexterm>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384
385 <varlistentry id="echo">
386 <term><command>echo</command></term>
387 <listitem>
388 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
390 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="env">
396 <term><command>env</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
399 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
400 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
401 </indexterm>
402 </listitem>
403 </varlistentry>
404
405 <varlistentry id="expand">
406 <term><command>expand</command></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
410 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="expr">
416 <term><command>expr</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
419 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
420 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
421 </indexterm>
422 </listitem>
423 </varlistentry>
424
425 <varlistentry id="factor">
426 <term><command>factor</command></term>
427 <listitem>
428 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
430 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="false">
436 <term><command>false</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
439 indicating failure</para>
440 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
441 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
442 </indexterm>
443 </listitem>
444 </varlistentry>
445
446 <varlistentry id="fmt">
447 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
448 <listitem>
449 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
450 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
451 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
452 </indexterm>
453 </listitem>
454 </varlistentry>
455
456 <varlistentry id="fold">
457 <term><command>fold</command></term>
458 <listitem>
459 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
460 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
461 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
462 </indexterm>
463 </listitem>
464 </varlistentry>
465
466 <varlistentry id="groups">
467 <term><command>groups</command></term>
468 <listitem>
469 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
471 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="head">
477 <term><command>head</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
480 of each given file</para>
481 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
482 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
483 </indexterm>
484 </listitem>
485 </varlistentry>
486
487 <varlistentry id="hostid">
488 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
489 <listitem>
490 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
491 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
492 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
493 </indexterm>
494 </listitem>
495 </varlistentry>
496
497 <varlistentry id="id">
498 <term><command>id</command></term>
499 <listitem>
500 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
501 of the current user or specified user</para>
502 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
503 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
504 </indexterm>
505 </listitem>
506 </varlistentry>
507
508 <varlistentry id="install">
509 <term><command>install</command> </term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
512 possible, their owner and group</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
514 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="join">
520 <term><command>join</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
523 separate files</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
525 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="link">
531 <term><command>link</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
535 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="ln">
541 <term><command>ln</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
545 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="logname">
551 <term><command>logname</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
555 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="ls">
561 <term><command>ls</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
564 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
565 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
566 </indexterm>
567 </listitem>
568 </varlistentry>
569
570 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
571 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
572 <listitem>
573 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
574 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
575 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
576 </indexterm>
577 </listitem>
578 </varlistentry>
579
580 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
581 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
582 <listitem>
583 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
584 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
585 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
586 </indexterm>
587 </listitem>
588 </varlistentry>
589
590 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
591 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
592 <listitem>
593 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
594 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
595 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
596 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
597 </indexterm>
598 </listitem>
599 </varlistentry>
600
601 <varlistentry id="mknod">
602 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
603 <listitem>
604 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
605 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
607 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
613 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
617 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
622 <varlistentry id="mv">
623 <term><command>mv</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
626 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
627 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
628 </indexterm>
629 </listitem>
630 </varlistentry>
631
632 <varlistentry id="nice">
633 <term><command>nice</command></term>
634 <listitem>
635 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
636 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
637 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
638 </indexterm>
639 </listitem>
640 </varlistentry>
641
642 <varlistentry id="nl">
643 <term><command>nl</command></term>
644 <listitem>
645 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
646 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
647 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
648 </indexterm>
649 </listitem>
650 </varlistentry>
651
652 <varlistentry id="nohup">
653 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
654 <listitem>
655 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
656 a log file</para>
657 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
658 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
659 </indexterm>
660 </listitem>
661 </varlistentry>
662
663 <varlistentry id="nproc">
664 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
665 <listitem>
666 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
667 process</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
669 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
675 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
678 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
679 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
680 </indexterm>
681 </listitem>
682 </varlistentry>
683
684 <varlistentry id="od">
685 <term><command>od</command></term>
686 <listitem>
687 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
688 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
689 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
690 </indexterm>
691 </listitem>
692 </varlistentry>
693
694 <varlistentry id="paste">
695 <term><command>paste</command></term>
696 <listitem>
697 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
698 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
699 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
700 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
701 </indexterm>
702 </listitem>
703 </varlistentry>
704
705 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
706 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
707 <listitem>
708 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
709 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
710 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
711 </indexterm>
712 </listitem>
713 </varlistentry>
714
715 <varlistentry id="pinky">
716 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
717 <listitem>
718 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
719 about the given users</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
721 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="pr">
727 <term><command>pr</command></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
730 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
731 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
732 </indexterm>
733 </listitem>
734 </varlistentry>
735
736 <varlistentry id="printenv">
737 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
738 <listitem>
739 <para>Prints the environment</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
741 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="printf">
747 <term><command>printf</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
750 like the C printf function</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
752 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="ptx">
758 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
761 with each keyword in its context</para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
763 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="pwd">
769 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
773 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="readlink">
779 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
782 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
783 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
784 </indexterm>
785 </listitem>
786 </varlistentry>
787
788 <varlistentry id="realpath">
789 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
790 <listitem>
791 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
792 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
793 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
794 </indexterm>
795 </listitem>
796 </varlistentry>
797
798 <varlistentry id="rm">
799 <term><command>rm</command></term>
800 <listitem>
801 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
803 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
809 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
813 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="runcon">
819 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
823 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="seq">
829 <term><command>seq</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
832 given increment</para>
833 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
834 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
835 </indexterm>
836 </listitem>
837 </varlistentry>
838
839 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
840 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
841 <listitem>
842 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
843 checksums</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
845 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
851 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
855 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
861 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
865 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
871 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
874 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
875 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
876 </indexterm>
877 </listitem>
878 </varlistentry>
879
880 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
881 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
882 <listitem>
883 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
884 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
885 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
886 </indexterm>
887 </listitem>
888 </varlistentry>
889
890 <varlistentry id="shred">
891 <term><command>shred</command></term>
892 <listitem>
893 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
894 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
895 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
896 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
897 </indexterm>
898 </listitem>
899 </varlistentry>
900
901 <varlistentry id="shuf">
902 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
903 <listitem>
904 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
906 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="sleep">
912 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
915 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
916 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
917 </indexterm>
918 </listitem>
919 </varlistentry>
920
921 <varlistentry id="sort">
922 <term><command>sort</command></term>
923 <listitem>
924 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
926 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="split">
932 <term><command>split</command></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
935 lines</para>
936 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
937 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
938 </indexterm>
939 </listitem>
940 </varlistentry>
941
942 <varlistentry id="stat">
943 <term><command>stat</command></term>
944 <listitem>
945 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
947 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
953 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
956 streams</para>
957 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
958 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
959 </indexterm>
960 </listitem>
961 </varlistentry>
962
963 <varlistentry id="stty">
964 <term><command>stty</command></term>
965 <listitem>
966 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
968 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="sum">
974 <term><command>sum</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
978 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="sync">
984 <term><command>sync</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
987 and updates the super block</para>
988 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
989 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
990 </indexterm>
991 </listitem>
992 </varlistentry>
993
994 <varlistentry id="tac">
995 <term><command>tac</command></term>
996 <listitem>
997 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
999 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="tail">
1005 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1008 given file</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1010 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="tee">
1016 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1019 and to the given files</para>
1020 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1021 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1022 </indexterm>
1023 </listitem>
1024 </varlistentry>
1025
1026 <varlistentry id="test">
1027 <term><command>test</command></term>
1028 <listitem>
1029 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1030 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1031 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1032 </indexterm>
1033 </listitem>
1034 </varlistentry>
1035
1036 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1037 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1038 <listitem>
1039 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1041 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
1046 <varlistentry id="touch">
1047 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1050 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1051 are created with zero length</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1053 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 <varlistentry id="tr">
1059 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1060 <listitem>
1061 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1062 standard input</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1064 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="true">
1070 <term><command>true</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1073 indicating success</para>
1074 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1075 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1076 </indexterm>
1077 </listitem>
1078 </varlistentry>
1079
1080 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1081 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1082 <listitem>
1083 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1084 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1085 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1086 </indexterm>
1087 </listitem>
1088 </varlistentry>
1089
1090 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1091 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1092 <listitem>
1093 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1094 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1095 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1096 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1097 </indexterm>
1098 </listitem>
1099 </varlistentry>
1100
1101 <varlistentry id="tty">
1102 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1103 <listitem>
1104 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1105 input</para>
1106 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1107 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1108 </indexterm>
1109 </listitem>
1110 </varlistentry>
1111
1112 <varlistentry id="uname">
1113 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1114 <listitem>
1115 <para>Reports system information</para>
1116 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1117 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1118 </indexterm>
1119 </listitem>
1120 </varlistentry>
1121
1122 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1123 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1124 <listitem>
1125 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1126 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1127 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1128 </indexterm>
1129 </listitem>
1130 </varlistentry>
1131
1132 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1133 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1134 <listitem>
1135 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1136 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1137 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1138 </indexterm>
1139 </listitem>
1140 </varlistentry>
1141
1142 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1143 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1144 <listitem>
1145 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1146 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1147 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1148 </indexterm>
1149 </listitem>
1150 </varlistentry>
1151
1152 <varlistentry id="users">
1153 <term><command>users</command></term>
1154 <listitem>
1155 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1157 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1158 </indexterm>
1159 </listitem>
1160 </varlistentry>
1161
1162 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1163 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1164 <listitem>
1165 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1167 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1168 </indexterm>
1169 </listitem>
1170 </varlistentry>
1171
1172 <varlistentry id="wc">
1173 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1174 <listitem>
1175 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1176 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1177 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1178 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1179 </indexterm>
1180 </listitem>
1181 </varlistentry>
1182
1183 <varlistentry id="who">
1184 <term><command>who</command></term>
1185 <listitem>
1186 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1187 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1188 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1189 </indexterm>
1190 </listitem>
1191 </varlistentry>
1192
1193 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1194 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1195 <listitem>
1196 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1197 user ID</para>
1198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1199 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1200 </indexterm>
1201 </listitem>
1202 </varlistentry>
1203
1204 <varlistentry id="yes">
1205 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1206 <listitem>
1207 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1208 killed</para>
1209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1210 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1211 </indexterm>
1212 </listitem>
1213 </varlistentry>
1214
1215 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1216 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1217 <listitem>
1218 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1219 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1220 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1221 </indexterm>
1222 </listitem>
1223 </varlistentry>
1224
1225 </variablelist>
1226
1227 </sect2>
1228
1229</sect1>
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