source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ b304545

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Last change on this file since b304545 was b304545, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 9 years ago

Remove unneeded ampersands

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10862 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.
52 Afterwards make sure the timestamp for <filename>Makefile.in</filename> is
53 later than all other files to prevent a <command>make</command>
54 error:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;
57touch Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
58
59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
63 </note>
64
65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
70
71 <variablelist>
72 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
73
74 <varlistentry>
75 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
76 <listitem>
77 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
78 built as the root user.
79 </para>
80 </listitem>
81 </varlistentry>
82
83 <varlistentry>
84 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
85 <listitem>
86 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
87 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
88 </para>
89 </listitem>
90 </varlistentry>
91 </variablelist>
92
93 <para>Compile the package:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
98 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
99
100 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
101 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
106 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
107 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
108 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
109 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
114 run the tests:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
119 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
122 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
125 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
126
127 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>Install the package:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
134
135 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
138mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
139mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
140mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
141mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
142sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
143
144 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
145 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
146 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
147 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
148 need to be on the root partition:</para>
149
150<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
151
152 </sect2>
153
154 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
155 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
156
157 <segmentedlist>
158 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
159 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
160 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
161
162 <seglistitem>
163 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
164 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
165 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
166 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
167 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
168 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
169 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
170 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
171 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
172 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
173 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
174 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
175 </seglistitem>
176 </segmentedlist>
177
178 <variablelist>
179 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
180 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
181 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
182
183 <varlistentry id="base64">
184 <term><command>base64</command></term>
185 <listitem>
186 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
187 specification</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
189 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry id="basename">
195 <term><command>basename</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
199 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="cat">
205 <term><command>cat</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
209 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="chcon">
215 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
218 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
219 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
220 </indexterm>
221 </listitem>
222 </varlistentry>
223
224 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
225 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
226 <listitem>
227 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
228 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
229 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
230 </indexterm>
231 </listitem>
232 </varlistentry>
233
234 <varlistentry id="chmod">
235 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
236 <listitem>
237 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
238 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
239 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
240 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
241 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243 </listitem>
244 </varlistentry>
245
246 <varlistentry id="chown">
247 <term><command>chown</command></term>
248 <listitem>
249 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
250 directories</para>
251 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
252 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
253 </indexterm>
254 </listitem>
255 </varlistentry>
256
257 <varlistentry id="chroot">
258 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
259 <listitem>
260 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
261 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
262 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
263 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
264 </indexterm>
265 </listitem>
266 </varlistentry>
267
268 <varlistentry id="cksum">
269 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
270 <listitem>
271 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
272 counts of each specified file</para>
273 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
274 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
275 </indexterm>
276 </listitem>
277 </varlistentry>
278
279 <varlistentry id="comm">
280 <term><command>comm</command></term>
281 <listitem>
282 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
283 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
284 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
285 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287 </listitem>
288 </varlistentry>
289
290 <varlistentry id="cp">
291 <term><command>cp</command></term>
292 <listitem>
293 <para>Copies files</para>
294 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
295 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
296 </indexterm>
297 </listitem>
298 </varlistentry>
299
300 <varlistentry id="csplit">
301 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
302 <listitem>
303 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
304 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
305 count of each new file</para>
306 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
307 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
308 </indexterm>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311
312 <varlistentry id="cut">
313 <term><command>cut</command></term>
314 <listitem>
315 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
316 fields or positions</para>
317 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
318 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
319 </indexterm>
320 </listitem>
321 </varlistentry>
322
323 <varlistentry id="date">
324 <term><command>date</command></term>
325 <listitem>
326 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
327 system date</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
329 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="dd">
335 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
338 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
340 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="df">
346 <term><command>df</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
349 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
350 files</para>
351 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
352 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
353 </indexterm>
354 </listitem>
355 </varlistentry>
356
357 <varlistentry id="dir">
358 <term><command>dir</command></term>
359 <listitem>
360 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
361 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
362 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
363 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
364 </indexterm>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367
368 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
369 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
372 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
373 <command>ls</command></para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
375 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="dirname">
381 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
385 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="du">
391 <term><command>du</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
394 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
395 each of the given files</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
397 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="echo">
403 <term><command>echo</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
407 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="env">
413 <term><command>env</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
416 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
417 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="expand">
423 <term><command>expand</command></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
427 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
428 </indexterm>
429 </listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry id="expr">
433 <term><command>expr</command></term>
434 <listitem>
435 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
436 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
437 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
438 </indexterm>
439 </listitem>
440 </varlistentry>
441
442 <varlistentry id="factor">
443 <term><command>factor</command></term>
444 <listitem>
445 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
447 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 <varlistentry id="false">
453 <term><command>false</command></term>
454 <listitem>
455 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
456 indicating failure</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
458 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="fmt">
464 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
468 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="fold">
474 <term><command>fold</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
478 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="groups">
484 <term><command>groups</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
487 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
488 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
489 </indexterm>
490 </listitem>
491 </varlistentry>
492
493 <varlistentry id="head">
494 <term><command>head</command></term>
495 <listitem>
496 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
497 of each given file</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
499 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="hostid">
505 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
509 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="id">
515 <term><command>id</command></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
518 of the current user or specified user</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
520 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="install">
526 <term><command>install</command> </term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
529 possible, their owner and group</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
531 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="join">
537 <term><command>join</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
540 separate files</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
542 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="link">
548 <term><command>link</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
552 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="ln">
558 <term><command>ln</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
562 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="logname">
568 <term><command>logname</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
572 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="ls">
578 <term><command>ls</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
582 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
588 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
592 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
598 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
602 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
608 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
611 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
613 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="mknod">
619 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
622 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
624 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
625 </indexterm>
626 </listitem>
627 </varlistentry>
628
629 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
630 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
631 <listitem>
632 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
634 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="mv">
640 <term><command>mv</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
644 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="nice">
650 <term><command>nice</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
654 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="nl">
660 <term><command>nl</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
663 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
664 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
665 </indexterm>
666 </listitem>
667 </varlistentry>
668
669 <varlistentry id="nohup">
670 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
671 <listitem>
672 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
673 a log file</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
675 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="nproc">
681 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
684 process</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
686 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
692 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
696 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="od">
702 <term><command>od</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
706 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="paste">
712 <term><command>paste</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
715 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
717 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
723 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
727 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="pinky">
733 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
736 about the given users</para>
737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
738 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
739 </indexterm>
740 </listitem>
741 </varlistentry>
742
743 <varlistentry id="pr">
744 <term><command>pr</command></term>
745 <listitem>
746 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
748 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="printenv">
754 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Prints the environment</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
758 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="printf">
764 <term><command>printf</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
767 like the C printf function</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
769 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="ptx">
775 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
778 with each keyword in its context</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
780 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="pwd">
786 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
790 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="readlink">
796 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
800 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="realpath">
806 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
809 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
810 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
811 </indexterm>
812 </listitem>
813 </varlistentry>
814
815 <varlistentry id="rm">
816 <term><command>rm</command></term>
817 <listitem>
818 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
819 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
820 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
821 </indexterm>
822 </listitem>
823 </varlistentry>
824
825 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
826 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
827 <listitem>
828 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
830 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="runcon">
836 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
840 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="seq">
846 <term><command>seq</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
849 given increment</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
851 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
857 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
860 checksums</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
862 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
868 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
872 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
878 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
882 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
883 </indexterm>
884 </listitem>
885 </varlistentry>
886
887 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
888 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
889 <listitem>
890 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
891 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
892 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
893 </indexterm>
894 </listitem>
895 </varlistentry>
896
897 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
898 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
899 <listitem>
900 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
901 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
902 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
903 </indexterm>
904 </listitem>
905 </varlistentry>
906
907 <varlistentry id="shred">
908 <term><command>shred</command></term>
909 <listitem>
910 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
911 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
912 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
913 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
914 </indexterm>
915 </listitem>
916 </varlistentry>
917
918 <varlistentry id="shuf">
919 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
920 <listitem>
921 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
922 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
923 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
924 </indexterm>
925 </listitem>
926 </varlistentry>
927
928 <varlistentry id="sleep">
929 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
930 <listitem>
931 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
933 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="sort">
939 <term><command>sort</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
943 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="split">
949 <term><command>split</command></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
952 lines</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
954 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="stat">
960 <term><command>stat</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
963 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
964 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
965 </indexterm>
966 </listitem>
967 </varlistentry>
968
969 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
970 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
971 <listitem>
972 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
973 streams</para>
974 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
975 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
976 </indexterm>
977 </listitem>
978 </varlistentry>
979
980 <varlistentry id="stty">
981 <term><command>stty</command></term>
982 <listitem>
983 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
984 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
985 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
986 </indexterm>
987 </listitem>
988 </varlistentry>
989
990 <varlistentry id="sum">
991 <term><command>sum</command></term>
992 <listitem>
993 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
994 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
995 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
996 </indexterm>
997 </listitem>
998 </varlistentry>
999
1000 <varlistentry id="sync">
1001 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1002 <listitem>
1003 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1004 and updates the super block</para>
1005 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1006 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1007 </indexterm>
1008 </listitem>
1009 </varlistentry>
1010
1011 <varlistentry id="tac">
1012 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1013 <listitem>
1014 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1015 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1016 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1017 </indexterm>
1018 </listitem>
1019 </varlistentry>
1020
1021 <varlistentry id="tail">
1022 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1023 <listitem>
1024 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1025 given file</para>
1026 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1027 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1028 </indexterm>
1029 </listitem>
1030 </varlistentry>
1031
1032 <varlistentry id="tee">
1033 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1034 <listitem>
1035 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1036 and to the given files</para>
1037 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1038 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1039 </indexterm>
1040 </listitem>
1041 </varlistentry>
1042
1043 <varlistentry id="test">
1044 <term><command>test</command></term>
1045 <listitem>
1046 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1047 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1048 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1049 </indexterm>
1050 </listitem>
1051 </varlistentry>
1052
1053 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1054 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1055 <listitem>
1056 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1057 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1058 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1059 </indexterm>
1060 </listitem>
1061 </varlistentry>
1062
1063 <varlistentry id="touch">
1064 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1065 <listitem>
1066 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1067 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1068 are created with zero length</para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1070 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="tr">
1076 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1079 standard input</para>
1080 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1081 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1082 </indexterm>
1083 </listitem>
1084 </varlistentry>
1085
1086 <varlistentry id="true">
1087 <term><command>true</command></term>
1088 <listitem>
1089 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1090 indicating success</para>
1091 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1092 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1093 </indexterm>
1094 </listitem>
1095 </varlistentry>
1096
1097 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1098 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1099 <listitem>
1100 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1102 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1103 </indexterm>
1104 </listitem>
1105 </varlistentry>
1106
1107 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1108 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1109 <listitem>
1110 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1111 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1112 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1113 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1114 </indexterm>
1115 </listitem>
1116 </varlistentry>
1117
1118 <varlistentry id="tty">
1119 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1120 <listitem>
1121 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1122 input</para>
1123 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1124 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1125 </indexterm>
1126 </listitem>
1127 </varlistentry>
1128
1129 <varlistentry id="uname">
1130 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1131 <listitem>
1132 <para>Reports system information</para>
1133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1134 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1135 </indexterm>
1136 </listitem>
1137 </varlistentry>
1138
1139 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1140 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1141 <listitem>
1142 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1143 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1144 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1145 </indexterm>
1146 </listitem>
1147 </varlistentry>
1148
1149 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1150 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1151 <listitem>
1152 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1153 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1154 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1155 </indexterm>
1156 </listitem>
1157 </varlistentry>
1158
1159 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1160 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1161 <listitem>
1162 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1163 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1164 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1165 </indexterm>
1166 </listitem>
1167 </varlistentry>
1168
1169 <varlistentry id="users">
1170 <term><command>users</command></term>
1171 <listitem>
1172 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1173 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1174 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1175 </indexterm>
1176 </listitem>
1177 </varlistentry>
1178
1179 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1180 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1181 <listitem>
1182 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1184 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1185 </indexterm>
1186 </listitem>
1187 </varlistentry>
1188
1189 <varlistentry id="wc">
1190 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1191 <listitem>
1192 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1193 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1195 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1196 </indexterm>
1197 </listitem>
1198 </varlistentry>
1199
1200 <varlistentry id="who">
1201 <term><command>who</command></term>
1202 <listitem>
1203 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1205 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1206 </indexterm>
1207 </listitem>
1208 </varlistentry>
1209
1210 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1211 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1212 <listitem>
1213 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1214 user ID</para>
1215 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1216 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1217 </indexterm>
1218 </listitem>
1219 </varlistentry>
1220
1221 <varlistentry id="yes">
1222 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1223 <listitem>
1224 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1225 killed</para>
1226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1227 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1228 </indexterm>
1229 </listitem>
1230 </varlistentry>
1231
1232 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1233 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1234 <listitem>
1235 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1237 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1238 </indexterm>
1239 </listitem>
1240 </varlistentry>
1241
1242 </variablelist>
1243
1244 </sect2>
1245
1246</sect1>
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