source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ ba33377

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Last change on this file since ba33377 was ba33377, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 14 years ago

Upgrade to Coreutils-8.2. Fixes #2524.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9133 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
50 i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch; ;;
51esac</userinput></screen>
52
53 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
54 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
55 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
58
59 <note>
60 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
61 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
62 without this patch.</para>
63 </note>
64
65 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
69
70 <variablelist>
71 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
72
73 <varlistentry>
74 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
75 <listitem>
76 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
77 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
78 </para>
79 </listitem>
80 </varlistentry>
81 </variablelist>
82
83 <para>Compile the package:</para>
84
85<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
86
87 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
88 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
89
90 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
91 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
92
93<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
94
95 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
96 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
97 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
98 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
99 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
100
101<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
102
103 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
104 run the tests:</para>
105
106<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
107
108 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
109
110<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Install the package:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
123mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
124mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
125mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
128 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
129 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
130 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
131 need to be on the root partition:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
134
135 </sect2>
136
137
138 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
139 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
140
141 <segmentedlist>
142 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
143
144 <seglistitem>
145 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
146 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
147 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
148 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
149 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
150 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum,
151 sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort,
152 split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout,
153 touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink,
154 users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
155 </seglistitem>
156 </segmentedlist>
157
158 <variablelist>
159 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
160 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
161 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
162
163 <varlistentry id="base64">
164 <term><command>base64</command></term>
165 <listitem>
166 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
167 specification</para>
168 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
169 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
170 </indexterm>
171 </listitem>
172 </varlistentry>
173
174 <varlistentry id="basename">
175 <term><command>basename</command></term>
176 <listitem>
177 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
178 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
179 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
180 </indexterm>
181 </listitem>
182 </varlistentry>
183
184 <varlistentry id="cat">
185 <term><command>cat</command></term>
186 <listitem>
187 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
189 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry id="chcon">
195 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
199 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
205 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
208 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
209 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
210 </indexterm>
211 </listitem>
212 </varlistentry>
213
214 <varlistentry id="chmod">
215 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
216 <listitem>
217 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
218 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
219 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
221 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
222 </indexterm>
223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry id="chown">
227 <term><command>chown</command></term>
228 <listitem>
229 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
230 directories</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
232 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="chroot">
238 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
241 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
243 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="cksum">
249 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
252 counts of each specified file</para>
253 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
254 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
255 </indexterm>
256 </listitem>
257 </varlistentry>
258
259 <varlistentry id="comm">
260 <term><command>comm</command></term>
261 <listitem>
262 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
263 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
265 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
266 </indexterm>
267 </listitem>
268 </varlistentry>
269
270 <varlistentry id="cp">
271 <term><command>cp</command></term>
272 <listitem>
273 <para>Copies files</para>
274 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
275 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
276 </indexterm>
277 </listitem>
278 </varlistentry>
279
280 <varlistentry id="csplit">
281 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
282 <listitem>
283 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
284 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
285 count of each new file</para>
286 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
287 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
288 </indexterm>
289 </listitem>
290 </varlistentry>
291
292 <varlistentry id="cut">
293 <term><command>cut</command></term>
294 <listitem>
295 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
296 fields or positions</para>
297 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
298 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300 </listitem>
301 </varlistentry>
302
303 <varlistentry id="date">
304 <term><command>date</command></term>
305 <listitem>
306 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
307 system date</para>
308 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
309 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
310 </indexterm>
311 </listitem>
312 </varlistentry>
313
314 <varlistentry id="dd">
315 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
318 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
319 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
320 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
321 </indexterm>
322 </listitem>
323 </varlistentry>
324
325 <varlistentry id="df">
326 <term><command>df</command></term>
327 <listitem>
328 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
329 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
330 files</para>
331 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
332 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
333 </indexterm>
334 </listitem>
335 </varlistentry>
336
337 <varlistentry id="dir">
338 <term><command>dir</command></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
341 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
343 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
349 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
352 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
353 <command>ls</command></para>
354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
355 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
356 </indexterm>
357 </listitem>
358 </varlistentry>
359
360 <varlistentry id="dirname">
361 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
362 <listitem>
363 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
365 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
366 </indexterm>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369
370 <varlistentry id="du">
371 <term><command>du</command></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
374 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
375 each of the given files</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
377 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="echo">
383 <term><command>echo</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
386 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
387 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
388 </indexterm>
389 </listitem>
390 </varlistentry>
391
392 <varlistentry id="env">
393 <term><command>env</command></term>
394 <listitem>
395 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
397 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="expand">
403 <term><command>expand</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
407 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="expr">
413 <term><command>expr</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
416 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
417 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
418 </indexterm>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 <varlistentry id="factor">
423 <term><command>factor</command></term>
424 <listitem>
425 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
426 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
427 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
428 </indexterm>
429 </listitem>
430 </varlistentry>
431
432 <varlistentry id="false">
433 <term><command>false</command></term>
434 <listitem>
435 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
436 indicating failure</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
438 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="fmt">
444 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
447 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
448 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
449 </indexterm>
450 </listitem>
451 </varlistentry>
452
453 <varlistentry id="fold">
454 <term><command>fold</command></term>
455 <listitem>
456 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
458 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="groups">
464 <term><command>groups</command></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
467 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
468 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
469 </indexterm>
470 </listitem>
471 </varlistentry>
472
473 <varlistentry id="head">
474 <term><command>head</command></term>
475 <listitem>
476 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
477 of each given file</para>
478 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
479 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
480 </indexterm>
481 </listitem>
482 </varlistentry>
483
484 <varlistentry id="hostid">
485 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
486 <listitem>
487 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
489 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="id">
495 <term><command>id</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
498 of the current user or specified user</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
500 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="install">
506 <term><command>install</command> </term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
509 possible, their owner and group</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
511 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="join">
517 <term><command>join</command></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
520 separate files</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
522 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="link">
528 <term><command>link</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
532 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="ln">
538 <term><command>ln</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
542 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="logname">
548 <term><command>logname</command></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
552 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="ls">
558 <term><command>ls</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
562 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
568 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
572 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
578 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
582 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
588 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
591 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
593 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="mknod">
599 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
602 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
603 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
604 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
605 </indexterm>
606 </listitem>
607 </varlistentry>
608
609 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
610 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
611 <listitem>
612 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
613 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
614 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
615 </indexterm>
616 </listitem>
617 </varlistentry>
618
619 <varlistentry id="mv">
620 <term><command>mv</command></term>
621 <listitem>
622 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
624 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
625 </indexterm>
626 </listitem>
627 </varlistentry>
628
629 <varlistentry id="nice">
630 <term><command>nice</command></term>
631 <listitem>
632 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
634 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="nl">
640 <term><command>nl</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
644 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="nohup">
650 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
653 a log file</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
655 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="nproc">
661 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
664 process</para>
665 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
666 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
667 </indexterm>
668 </listitem>
669 </varlistentry>
670
671 <varlistentry id="od">
672 <term><command>od</command></term>
673 <listitem>
674 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
675 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
676 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
677 </indexterm>
678 </listitem>
679 </varlistentry>
680
681 <varlistentry id="paste">
682 <term><command>paste</command></term>
683 <listitem>
684 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
685 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
687 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
693 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
696 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
697 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
698 </indexterm>
699 </listitem>
700 </varlistentry>
701
702 <varlistentry id="pinky">
703 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
704 <listitem>
705 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
706 about the given users</para>
707 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
708 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
709 </indexterm>
710 </listitem>
711 </varlistentry>
712
713 <varlistentry id="pr">
714 <term><command>pr</command></term>
715 <listitem>
716 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
717 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
718 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
719 </indexterm>
720 </listitem>
721 </varlistentry>
722
723 <varlistentry id="printenv">
724 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
725 <listitem>
726 <para>Prints the environment</para>
727 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
728 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
729 </indexterm>
730 </listitem>
731 </varlistentry>
732
733 <varlistentry id="printf">
734 <term><command>printf</command></term>
735 <listitem>
736 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
737 like the C printf function</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
739 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="ptx">
745 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
748 with each keyword in its context</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
750 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="pwd">
756 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
760 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="readlink">
766 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
769 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
770 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
771 </indexterm>
772 </listitem>
773 </varlistentry>
774
775 <varlistentry id="rm">
776 <term><command>rm</command></term>
777 <listitem>
778 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
780 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
786 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
790 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="runcon">
796 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
800 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="seq">
806 <term><command>seq</command></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
809 given increment</para>
810 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
811 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
812 </indexterm>
813 </listitem>
814 </varlistentry>
815
816 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
817 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
818 <listitem>
819 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
820 checksums</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
822 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
828 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
832 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
838 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
841 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
842 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
843 </indexterm>
844 </listitem>
845 </varlistentry>
846
847 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
848 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
849 <listitem>
850 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
852 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
853 </indexterm>
854 </listitem>
855 </varlistentry>
856
857 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
858 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
859 <listitem>
860 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
862 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="shred">
868 <term><command>shred</command></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
871 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
873 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="shuf">
879 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
882 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
883 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
884 </indexterm>
885 </listitem>
886 </varlistentry>
887
888 <varlistentry id="sleep">
889 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
890 <listitem>
891 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
893 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
894 </indexterm>
895 </listitem>
896 </varlistentry>
897
898 <varlistentry id="sort">
899 <term><command>sort</command></term>
900 <listitem>
901 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
903 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="split">
909 <term><command>split</command></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
912 lines</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
914 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="stat">
920 <term><command>stat</command></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
923 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
924 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
925 </indexterm>
926 </listitem>
927 </varlistentry>
928
929 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
930 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
931 <listitem>
932 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
933 streams</para>
934 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
935 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
936 </indexterm>
937 </listitem>
938 </varlistentry>
939
940 <varlistentry id="stty">
941 <term><command>stty</command></term>
942 <listitem>
943 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
944 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
945 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
946 </indexterm>
947 </listitem>
948 </varlistentry>
949
950 <varlistentry id="sum">
951 <term><command>sum</command></term>
952 <listitem>
953 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
954 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
955 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
956 </indexterm>
957 </listitem>
958 </varlistentry>
959
960 <varlistentry id="sync">
961 <term><command>sync</command></term>
962 <listitem>
963 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
964 and updates the super block</para>
965 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
966 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
967 </indexterm>
968 </listitem>
969 </varlistentry>
970
971 <varlistentry id="tac">
972 <term><command>tac</command></term>
973 <listitem>
974 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
975 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
976 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
977 </indexterm>
978 </listitem>
979 </varlistentry>
980
981 <varlistentry id="tail">
982 <term><command>tail</command></term>
983 <listitem>
984 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
985 given file</para>
986 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
987 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
988 </indexterm>
989 </listitem>
990 </varlistentry>
991
992 <varlistentry id="tee">
993 <term><command>tee</command></term>
994 <listitem>
995 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
996 and to the given files</para>
997 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
998 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
999 </indexterm>
1000 </listitem>
1001 </varlistentry>
1002
1003 <varlistentry id="test">
1004 <term><command>test</command></term>
1005 <listitem>
1006 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1007 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1008 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1009 </indexterm>
1010 </listitem>
1011 </varlistentry>
1012
1013 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1014 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1015 <listitem>
1016 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1017 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1018 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1019 </indexterm>
1020 </listitem>
1021 </varlistentry>
1022
1023 <varlistentry id="touch">
1024 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1025 <listitem>
1026 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1027 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1028 are created with zero length</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1030 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="tr">
1036 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1039 standard input</para>
1040 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1041 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1042 </indexterm>
1043 </listitem>
1044 </varlistentry>
1045
1046 <varlistentry id="true">
1047 <term><command>true</command></term>
1048 <listitem>
1049 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1050 indicating success</para>
1051 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1052 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1053 </indexterm>
1054 </listitem>
1055 </varlistentry>
1056
1057 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1058 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1059 <listitem>
1060 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1061 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1062 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1063 </indexterm>
1064 </listitem>
1065 </varlistentry>
1066
1067 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1068 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1069 <listitem>
1070 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1071 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1072 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1073 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1074 </indexterm>
1075 </listitem>
1076 </varlistentry>
1077
1078 <varlistentry id="tty">
1079 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1080 <listitem>
1081 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1082 input</para>
1083 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1084 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1085 </indexterm>
1086 </listitem>
1087 </varlistentry>
1088
1089 <varlistentry id="uname">
1090 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1091 <listitem>
1092 <para>Reports system information</para>
1093 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1094 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1095 </indexterm>
1096 </listitem>
1097 </varlistentry>
1098
1099 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1100 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1101 <listitem>
1102 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1103 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1104 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1105 </indexterm>
1106 </listitem>
1107 </varlistentry>
1108
1109 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1110 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1111 <listitem>
1112 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1113 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1114 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1115 </indexterm>
1116 </listitem>
1117 </varlistentry>
1118
1119 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1120 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1121 <listitem>
1122 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1123 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1124 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1125 </indexterm>
1126 </listitem>
1127 </varlistentry>
1128
1129 <varlistentry id="users">
1130 <term><command>users</command></term>
1131 <listitem>
1132 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1133 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1134 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1135 </indexterm>
1136 </listitem>
1137 </varlistentry>
1138
1139 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1140 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1141 <listitem>
1142 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1143 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1144 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1145 </indexterm>
1146 </listitem>
1147 </varlistentry>
1148
1149 <varlistentry id="wc">
1150 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1151 <listitem>
1152 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1153 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1154 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1155 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1156 </indexterm>
1157 </listitem>
1158 </varlistentry>
1159
1160 <varlistentry id="who">
1161 <term><command>who</command></term>
1162 <listitem>
1163 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1164 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1165 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1166 </indexterm>
1167 </listitem>
1168 </varlistentry>
1169
1170 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1171 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1172 <listitem>
1173 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1174 user ID</para>
1175 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1176 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1177 </indexterm>
1178 </listitem>
1179 </varlistentry>
1180
1181 <varlistentry id="yes">
1182 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1183 <listitem>
1184 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1185 killed</para>
1186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1187 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1188 </indexterm>
1189 </listitem>
1190 </varlistentry>
1191
1192 </variablelist>
1193
1194 </sect2>
1195
1196</sect1>
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