source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ ce07064f

10.0 10.0-rc1 10.1 10.1-rc1 11.0 11.0-rc1 11.0-rc2 11.0-rc3 11.1 11.1-rc1 11.2 11.2-rc1 11.3 11.3-rc1 12.0 12.0-rc1 12.1 12.1-rc1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 arm bdubbs/gcc13 ml-11.0 multilib renodr/libudev-from-systemd s6-init trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/lfs-next xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.0 xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/pip3 xry111/rust-wip-20221008 xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since ce07064f was ce07064f, checked in by DJ Lucas <dj@…>, 8 years ago

Add description for base32, wrap text at 80 chars

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@11008 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 42.9 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
52
53<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
54
55 <note>
56 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
57 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
58 without this patch.</para>
59 </note>
60
61 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
64 --prefix=/usr \
65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
71 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
74 built as the root user.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78
79 <varlistentry>
80 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
81 <listitem>
82 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
83 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
84 </para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87 </variablelist>
88
89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
94 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
95
96 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
97 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
102 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
103 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
104 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
105 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
110 run the tests:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
115 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
118 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
121 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
122
123 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Install the package:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
134mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
135mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
136mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
137mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
138sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
139
140 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
141 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
142 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
143 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
144 need to be on the root partition:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
147
148 </sect2>
149
150 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
151 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
152
153 <segmentedlist>
154 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
155 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
156 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
157
158 <seglistitem>
159 <seg>[, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
160 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
161 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
162 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
163 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
164 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
165 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
166 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
167 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
168 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
169 yes</seg>
170 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
171 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
172 </seglistitem>
173 </segmentedlist>
174
175 <variablelist>
176 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
177 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
178 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
179
180 <varlistentry id="base32">
181 <term><command>base32</command></term>
182 <listitem>
183 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
184 (RFC 4648)</para>
185 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
186 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
187 </indexterm>
188 </listitem>
189 </varlistentry>
190
191 <varlistentry id="base64">
192 <term><command>base64</command></term>
193 <listitem>
194 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
195 (RFC 4648)</para>
196 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
197 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
198 </indexterm>
199 </listitem>
200 </varlistentry>
201
202 <varlistentry id="basename">
203 <term><command>basename</command></term>
204 <listitem>
205 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
206 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
207 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
208 </indexterm>
209 </listitem>
210 </varlistentry>
211
212 <varlistentry id="cat">
213 <term><command>cat</command></term>
214 <listitem>
215 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
216 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
217 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
218 </indexterm>
219 </listitem>
220 </varlistentry>
221
222 <varlistentry id="chcon">
223 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
224 <listitem>
225 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
226 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
227 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
228 </indexterm>
229 </listitem>
230 </varlistentry>
231
232 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
233 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
234 <listitem>
235 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
237 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="chmod">
243 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
246 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
247 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
248 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
249 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
250 </indexterm>
251 </listitem>
252 </varlistentry>
253
254 <varlistentry id="chown">
255 <term><command>chown</command></term>
256 <listitem>
257 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
258 directories</para>
259 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
260 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
261 </indexterm>
262 </listitem>
263 </varlistentry>
264
265 <varlistentry id="chroot">
266 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
267 <listitem>
268 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
269 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
270 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
271 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
272 </indexterm>
273 </listitem>
274 </varlistentry>
275
276 <varlistentry id="cksum">
277 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
278 <listitem>
279 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
280 counts of each specified file</para>
281 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
282 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284 </listitem>
285 </varlistentry>
286
287 <varlistentry id="comm">
288 <term><command>comm</command></term>
289 <listitem>
290 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
291 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
292 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
293 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
294 </indexterm>
295 </listitem>
296 </varlistentry>
297
298 <varlistentry id="cp">
299 <term><command>cp</command></term>
300 <listitem>
301 <para>Copies files</para>
302 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
303 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
304 </indexterm>
305 </listitem>
306 </varlistentry>
307
308 <varlistentry id="csplit">
309 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
310 <listitem>
311 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
312 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
313 count of each new file</para>
314 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
315 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
316 </indexterm>
317 </listitem>
318 </varlistentry>
319
320 <varlistentry id="cut">
321 <term><command>cut</command></term>
322 <listitem>
323 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
324 fields or positions</para>
325 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
326 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
327 </indexterm>
328 </listitem>
329 </varlistentry>
330
331 <varlistentry id="date">
332 <term><command>date</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
335 system date</para>
336 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
337 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
338 </indexterm>
339 </listitem>
340 </varlistentry>
341
342 <varlistentry id="dd">
343 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
346 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
348 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="df">
354 <term><command>df</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
357 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
358 files</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
360 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="dir">
366 <term><command>dir</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
369 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
371 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
377 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
380 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
381 <command>ls</command></para>
382 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
383 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
384 </indexterm>
385 </listitem>
386 </varlistentry>
387
388 <varlistentry id="dirname">
389 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
390 <listitem>
391 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
393 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="du">
399 <term><command>du</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
402 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
403 each of the given files</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
405 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="echo">
411 <term><command>echo</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
414 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
415 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
416 </indexterm>
417 </listitem>
418 </varlistentry>
419
420 <varlistentry id="env">
421 <term><command>env</command></term>
422 <listitem>
423 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
424 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
425 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
426 </indexterm>
427 </listitem>
428 </varlistentry>
429
430 <varlistentry id="expand">
431 <term><command>expand</command></term>
432 <listitem>
433 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
435 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="expr">
441 <term><command>expr</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
445 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="factor">
451 <term><command>factor</command></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
455 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="false">
461 <term><command>false</command></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
464 indicating failure</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
466 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="fmt">
472 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
476 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="fold">
482 <term><command>fold</command></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
486 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="groups">
492 <term><command>groups</command></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
496 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="head">
502 <term><command>head</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
505 of each given file</para>
506 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
507 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
508 </indexterm>
509 </listitem>
510 </varlistentry>
511
512 <varlistentry id="hostid">
513 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
514 <listitem>
515 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
517 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="id">
523 <term><command>id</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
526 of the current user or specified user</para>
527 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
528 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
529 </indexterm>
530 </listitem>
531 </varlistentry>
532
533 <varlistentry id="install">
534 <term><command>install</command> </term>
535 <listitem>
536 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
537 possible, their owner and group</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
539 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="join">
545 <term><command>join</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
548 separate files</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
550 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="link">
556 <term><command>link</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
560 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="ln">
566 <term><command>ln</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
570 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="logname">
576 <term><command>logname</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
580 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="ls">
586 <term><command>ls</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
590 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
596 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
600 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
606 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
610 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
616 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
619 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
621 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="mknod">
627 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
630 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
632 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
638 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
642 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="mv">
648 <term><command>mv</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
652 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="nice">
658 <term><command>nice</command></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
662 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="nl">
668 <term><command>nl</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
671 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
672 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
673 </indexterm>
674 </listitem>
675 </varlistentry>
676
677 <varlistentry id="nohup">
678 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
679 <listitem>
680 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
681 a log file</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
683 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="nproc">
689 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
692 process</para>
693 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
694 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
695 </indexterm>
696 </listitem>
697 </varlistentry>
698
699 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
700 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
701 <listitem>
702 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
703 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
704 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
705 </indexterm>
706 </listitem>
707 </varlistentry>
708
709 <varlistentry id="od">
710 <term><command>od</command></term>
711 <listitem>
712 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
713 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
714 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
715 </indexterm>
716 </listitem>
717 </varlistentry>
718
719 <varlistentry id="paste">
720 <term><command>paste</command></term>
721 <listitem>
722 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
723 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
724 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
725 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
726 </indexterm>
727 </listitem>
728 </varlistentry>
729
730 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
731 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
732 <listitem>
733 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
734 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
735 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
736 </indexterm>
737 </listitem>
738 </varlistentry>
739
740 <varlistentry id="pinky">
741 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
742 <listitem>
743 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
744 about the given users</para>
745 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
746 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
747 </indexterm>
748 </listitem>
749 </varlistentry>
750
751 <varlistentry id="pr">
752 <term><command>pr</command></term>
753 <listitem>
754 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
755 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
756 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
757 </indexterm>
758 </listitem>
759 </varlistentry>
760
761 <varlistentry id="printenv">
762 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
763 <listitem>
764 <para>Prints the environment</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
766 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="printf">
772 <term><command>printf</command></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
775 like the C printf function</para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
777 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="ptx">
783 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
786 with each keyword in its context</para>
787 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
788 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
789 </indexterm>
790 </listitem>
791 </varlistentry>
792
793 <varlistentry id="pwd">
794 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
795 <listitem>
796 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
798 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="readlink">
804 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
808 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="realpath">
814 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
817 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
818 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
819 </indexterm>
820 </listitem>
821 </varlistentry>
822
823 <varlistentry id="rm">
824 <term><command>rm</command></term>
825 <listitem>
826 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
827 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
828 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
829 </indexterm>
830 </listitem>
831 </varlistentry>
832
833 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
834 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
835 <listitem>
836 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
837 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
838 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
839 </indexterm>
840 </listitem>
841 </varlistentry>
842
843 <varlistentry id="runcon">
844 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
845 <listitem>
846 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
848 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="seq">
854 <term><command>seq</command></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
857 given increment</para>
858 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
859 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
860 </indexterm>
861 </listitem>
862 </varlistentry>
863
864 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
865 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
866 <listitem>
867 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
868 checksums</para>
869 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
870 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
871 </indexterm>
872 </listitem>
873 </varlistentry>
874
875 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
876 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
877 <listitem>
878 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
879 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
880 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
881 </indexterm>
882 </listitem>
883 </varlistentry>
884
885 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
886 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
887 <listitem>
888 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
889 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
890 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
891 </indexterm>
892 </listitem>
893 </varlistentry>
894
895 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
896 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
897 <listitem>
898 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
899 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
900 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
901 </indexterm>
902 </listitem>
903 </varlistentry>
904
905 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
906 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
907 <listitem>
908 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
909 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
910 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
911 </indexterm>
912 </listitem>
913 </varlistentry>
914
915 <varlistentry id="shred">
916 <term><command>shred</command></term>
917 <listitem>
918 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
919 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
920 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
921 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
922 </indexterm>
923 </listitem>
924 </varlistentry>
925
926 <varlistentry id="shuf">
927 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
928 <listitem>
929 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
931 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="sleep">
937 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
941 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="sort">
947 <term><command>sort</command></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
951 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="split">
957 <term><command>split</command></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
960 lines</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
962 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="stat">
968 <term><command>stat</command></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
971 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
972 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
973 </indexterm>
974 </listitem>
975 </varlistentry>
976
977 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
978 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
979 <listitem>
980 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
981 streams</para>
982 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
983 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
984 </indexterm>
985 </listitem>
986 </varlistentry>
987
988 <varlistentry id="stty">
989 <term><command>stty</command></term>
990 <listitem>
991 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
992 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
993 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
994 </indexterm>
995 </listitem>
996 </varlistentry>
997
998 <varlistentry id="sum">
999 <term><command>sum</command></term>
1000 <listitem>
1001 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1002 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1003 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1004 </indexterm>
1005 </listitem>
1006 </varlistentry>
1007
1008 <varlistentry id="sync">
1009 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1010 <listitem>
1011 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1012 and updates the super block</para>
1013 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1014 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1015 </indexterm>
1016 </listitem>
1017 </varlistentry>
1018
1019 <varlistentry id="tac">
1020 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1021 <listitem>
1022 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1023 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1024 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1025 </indexterm>
1026 </listitem>
1027 </varlistentry>
1028
1029 <varlistentry id="tail">
1030 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1031 <listitem>
1032 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1033 given file</para>
1034 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1035 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1036 </indexterm>
1037 </listitem>
1038 </varlistentry>
1039
1040 <varlistentry id="tee">
1041 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1042 <listitem>
1043 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1044 and to the given files</para>
1045 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1046 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1047 </indexterm>
1048 </listitem>
1049 </varlistentry>
1050
1051 <varlistentry id="test">
1052 <term><command>test</command></term>
1053 <listitem>
1054 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1055 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1056 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1057 </indexterm>
1058 </listitem>
1059 </varlistentry>
1060
1061 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1062 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1063 <listitem>
1064 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1066 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="touch">
1072 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1075 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1076 are created with zero length</para>
1077 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1078 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1079 </indexterm>
1080 </listitem>
1081 </varlistentry>
1082
1083 <varlistentry id="tr">
1084 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1085 <listitem>
1086 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1087 standard input</para>
1088 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1089 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1090 </indexterm>
1091 </listitem>
1092 </varlistentry>
1093
1094 <varlistentry id="true">
1095 <term><command>true</command></term>
1096 <listitem>
1097 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1098 indicating success</para>
1099 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1100 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1101 </indexterm>
1102 </listitem>
1103 </varlistentry>
1104
1105 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1106 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1107 <listitem>
1108 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1109 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1110 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1111 </indexterm>
1112 </listitem>
1113 </varlistentry>
1114
1115 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1116 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1117 <listitem>
1118 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1119 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1120 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1121 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1122 </indexterm>
1123 </listitem>
1124 </varlistentry>
1125
1126 <varlistentry id="tty">
1127 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1128 <listitem>
1129 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1130 input</para>
1131 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1132 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1133 </indexterm>
1134 </listitem>
1135 </varlistentry>
1136
1137 <varlistentry id="uname">
1138 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1139 <listitem>
1140 <para>Reports system information</para>
1141 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1142 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1143 </indexterm>
1144 </listitem>
1145 </varlistentry>
1146
1147 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1148 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1149 <listitem>
1150 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1151 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1152 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1153 </indexterm>
1154 </listitem>
1155 </varlistentry>
1156
1157 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1158 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1159 <listitem>
1160 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1161 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1162 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1163 </indexterm>
1164 </listitem>
1165 </varlistentry>
1166
1167 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1168 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1169 <listitem>
1170 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1171 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1172 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1173 </indexterm>
1174 </listitem>
1175 </varlistentry>
1176
1177 <varlistentry id="users">
1178 <term><command>users</command></term>
1179 <listitem>
1180 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1181 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1182 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1183 </indexterm>
1184 </listitem>
1185 </varlistentry>
1186
1187 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1188 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1189 <listitem>
1190 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1191 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1192 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1193 </indexterm>
1194 </listitem>
1195 </varlistentry>
1196
1197 <varlistentry id="wc">
1198 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1199 <listitem>
1200 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1201 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1203 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1204 </indexterm>
1205 </listitem>
1206 </varlistentry>
1207
1208 <varlistentry id="who">
1209 <term><command>who</command></term>
1210 <listitem>
1211 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1213 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1214 </indexterm>
1215 </listitem>
1216 </varlistentry>
1217
1218 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1219 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1220 <listitem>
1221 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1222 user ID</para>
1223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1224 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1225 </indexterm>
1226 </listitem>
1227 </varlistentry>
1228
1229 <varlistentry id="yes">
1230 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1231 <listitem>
1232 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1233 killed</para>
1234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1235 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1236 </indexterm>
1237 </listitem>
1238 </varlistentry>
1239
1240 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1241 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1242 <listitem>
1243 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1244 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1245 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1246 </indexterm>
1247 </listitem>
1248 </varlistentry>
1249
1250 </variablelist>
1251
1252 </sect2>
1253
1254</sect1>
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.