source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ d02c56d

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Last change on this file since d02c56d was d02c56d, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Update to man-pages-3.5.9.

Incorporate beta FHS.

Add /usr/share/ppd, /usr/libexec, /usr/share/color,
/usr/local/share/color, /var/lib/color, and /usr/share/dict.


Remove overrides for /usr/libexec: coreutils, findutils, gawk,
gcc, glibc, inetutils, man-db, and tar.


Move grub sbin executables from /usr/sbin to /sbin.

Document two new glibc errors in the regression tests.

Move man-db after util-linux to satisfy a test dependency
in /tools and to speed the test up.

Restore building the flex static library.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10469 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 42.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>Fix a couple of test failures:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-test-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
49 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
50 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
51
52<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
53
54 <note>
55 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
56 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
57 without this patch.</para>
58 </note>
59
60 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
63 --prefix=/usr \
64 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
65
66 <variablelist>
67 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
68
69 <varlistentry>
70 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
71 <listitem>
72 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
73 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
74 </para>
75 </listitem>
76 </varlistentry>
77 </variablelist>
78
79 <para>Compile the package:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
84 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
85
86 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
87 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
88
89<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
90
91 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
92 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
93 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
94 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
95 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
96
97<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
98
99 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
100 run the tests:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
105 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
108 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Install the package:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
121mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
122mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname,test,[} /bin
123mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
124mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
125sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
128 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
129 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
130 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
131 need to be on the root partition:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
134
135 </sect2>
136
137
138 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
139 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
140
141 <segmentedlist>
142 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
143 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
144 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
145
146 <seglistitem>
147 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
148 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
149 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
150 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
151 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
152 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
153 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
154 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
155 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
156 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
157 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
158 <seg>/usr/lib/coreutils</seg>
159 </seglistitem>
160 </segmentedlist>
161
162 <variablelist>
163 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
164 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
165 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
166
167 <varlistentry id="base64">
168 <term><command>base64</command></term>
169 <listitem>
170 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
171 specification</para>
172 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
173 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
174 </indexterm>
175 </listitem>
176 </varlistentry>
177
178 <varlistentry id="basename">
179 <term><command>basename</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
182 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
183 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
184 </indexterm>
185 </listitem>
186 </varlistentry>
187
188 <varlistentry id="cat">
189 <term><command>cat</command></term>
190 <listitem>
191 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
192 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
193 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
194 </indexterm>
195 </listitem>
196 </varlistentry>
197
198 <varlistentry id="chcon">
199 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
200 <listitem>
201 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
202 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
203 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
204 </indexterm>
205 </listitem>
206 </varlistentry>
207
208 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
209 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
210 <listitem>
211 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
213 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="chmod">
219 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
222 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
223 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
225 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
226 </indexterm>
227 </listitem>
228 </varlistentry>
229
230 <varlistentry id="chown">
231 <term><command>chown</command></term>
232 <listitem>
233 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
234 directories</para>
235 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
236 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
237 </indexterm>
238 </listitem>
239 </varlistentry>
240
241 <varlistentry id="chroot">
242 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
243 <listitem>
244 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
245 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
247 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
248 </indexterm>
249 </listitem>
250 </varlistentry>
251
252 <varlistentry id="cksum">
253 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
254 <listitem>
255 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
256 counts of each specified file</para>
257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
258 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
259 </indexterm>
260 </listitem>
261 </varlistentry>
262
263 <varlistentry id="comm">
264 <term><command>comm</command></term>
265 <listitem>
266 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
267 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
269 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
270 </indexterm>
271 </listitem>
272 </varlistentry>
273
274 <varlistentry id="cp">
275 <term><command>cp</command></term>
276 <listitem>
277 <para>Copies files</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
279 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="csplit">
285 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
288 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
289 count of each new file</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
291 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="cut">
297 <term><command>cut</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
300 fields or positions</para>
301 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
302 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
303 </indexterm>
304 </listitem>
305 </varlistentry>
306
307 <varlistentry id="date">
308 <term><command>date</command></term>
309 <listitem>
310 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
311 system date</para>
312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
313 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
314 </indexterm>
315 </listitem>
316 </varlistentry>
317
318 <varlistentry id="dd">
319 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
322 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
324 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="df">
330 <term><command>df</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
333 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
334 files</para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
336 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="dir">
342 <term><command>dir</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
345 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
347 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
348 </indexterm>
349 </listitem>
350 </varlistentry>
351
352 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
353 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
354 <listitem>
355 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
356 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
357 <command>ls</command></para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
359 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="dirname">
365 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
369 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="du">
375 <term><command>du</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
378 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
379 each of the given files</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
381 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="echo">
387 <term><command>echo</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
391 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="env">
397 <term><command>env</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
400 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
401 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
402 </indexterm>
403 </listitem>
404 </varlistentry>
405
406 <varlistentry id="expand">
407 <term><command>expand</command></term>
408 <listitem>
409 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
411 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="expr">
417 <term><command>expr</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
421 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="factor">
427 <term><command>factor</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
431 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="false">
437 <term><command>false</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
440 indicating failure</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
442 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="fmt">
448 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
452 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="fold">
458 <term><command>fold</command></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
462 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="groups">
468 <term><command>groups</command></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
471 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
472 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
473 </indexterm>
474 </listitem>
475 </varlistentry>
476
477 <varlistentry id="head">
478 <term><command>head</command></term>
479 <listitem>
480 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
481 of each given file</para>
482 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
483 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
484 </indexterm>
485 </listitem>
486 </varlistentry>
487
488 <varlistentry id="hostid">
489 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
492 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
493 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
494 </indexterm>
495 </listitem>
496 </varlistentry>
497
498 <varlistentry id="id">
499 <term><command>id</command></term>
500 <listitem>
501 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
502 of the current user or specified user</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
504 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="install">
510 <term><command>install</command> </term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
513 possible, their owner and group</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
515 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="join">
521 <term><command>join</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
524 separate files</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
526 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="link">
532 <term><command>link</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
535 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
536 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
537 </indexterm>
538 </listitem>
539 </varlistentry>
540
541 <varlistentry id="ln">
542 <term><command>ln</command></term>
543 <listitem>
544 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
546 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="logname">
552 <term><command>logname</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
556 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="ls">
562 <term><command>ls</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
566 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
572 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
576 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
582 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
585 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
586 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
587 </indexterm>
588 </listitem>
589 </varlistentry>
590
591 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
592 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
593 <listitem>
594 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
595 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
597 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="mknod">
603 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
606 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
608 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
614 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
618 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="mv">
624 <term><command>mv</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
628 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="nice">
634 <term><command>nice</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
637 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
638 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
639 </indexterm>
640 </listitem>
641 </varlistentry>
642
643 <varlistentry id="nl">
644 <term><command>nl</command></term>
645 <listitem>
646 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
647 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
648 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
649 </indexterm>
650 </listitem>
651 </varlistentry>
652
653 <varlistentry id="nohup">
654 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
655 <listitem>
656 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
657 a log file</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
659 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="nproc">
665 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
668 process</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
670 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
676 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
680 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="od">
686 <term><command>od</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
689 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
690 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
691 </indexterm>
692 </listitem>
693 </varlistentry>
694
695 <varlistentry id="paste">
696 <term><command>paste</command></term>
697 <listitem>
698 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
699 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
701 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
707 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
711 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="pinky">
717 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
720 about the given users</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
722 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="pr">
728 <term><command>pr</command></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
731 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
732 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
733 </indexterm>
734 </listitem>
735 </varlistentry>
736
737 <varlistentry id="printenv">
738 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
739 <listitem>
740 <para>Prints the environment</para>
741 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
742 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
743 </indexterm>
744 </listitem>
745 </varlistentry>
746
747 <varlistentry id="printf">
748 <term><command>printf</command></term>
749 <listitem>
750 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
751 like the C printf function</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
753 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="ptx">
759 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
762 with each keyword in its context</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
764 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="pwd">
770 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
773 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
774 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
775 </indexterm>
776 </listitem>
777 </varlistentry>
778
779 <varlistentry id="readlink">
780 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
781 <listitem>
782 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
784 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="realpath">
790 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
794 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="rm">
800 <term><command>rm</command></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
803 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
804 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
805 </indexterm>
806 </listitem>
807 </varlistentry>
808
809 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
810 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
811 <listitem>
812 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
813 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
814 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
815 </indexterm>
816 </listitem>
817 </varlistentry>
818
819 <varlistentry id="runcon">
820 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
821 <listitem>
822 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
824 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="seq">
830 <term><command>seq</command></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
833 given increment</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
835 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
841 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
844 checksums</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
846 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
852 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
856 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
862 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
866 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
872 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
876 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
882 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
886 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="shred">
892 <term><command>shred</command></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
895 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
897 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="shuf">
903 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
907 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="sleep">
913 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
917 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="sort">
923 <term><command>sort</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
926 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
927 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
928 </indexterm>
929 </listitem>
930 </varlistentry>
931
932 <varlistentry id="split">
933 <term><command>split</command></term>
934 <listitem>
935 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
936 lines</para>
937 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
938 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
939 </indexterm>
940 </listitem>
941 </varlistentry>
942
943 <varlistentry id="stat">
944 <term><command>stat</command></term>
945 <listitem>
946 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
947 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
948 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
949 </indexterm>
950 </listitem>
951 </varlistentry>
952
953 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
954 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
955 <listitem>
956 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
957 streams</para>
958 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
959 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
960 </indexterm>
961 </listitem>
962 </varlistentry>
963
964 <varlistentry id="stty">
965 <term><command>stty</command></term>
966 <listitem>
967 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
968 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
969 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
970 </indexterm>
971 </listitem>
972 </varlistentry>
973
974 <varlistentry id="sum">
975 <term><command>sum</command></term>
976 <listitem>
977 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
979 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="sync">
985 <term><command>sync</command></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
988 and updates the super block</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
990 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="tac">
996 <term><command>tac</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1000 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="tail">
1006 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1009 given file</para>
1010 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1011 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1012 </indexterm>
1013 </listitem>
1014 </varlistentry>
1015
1016 <varlistentry id="tee">
1017 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1018 <listitem>
1019 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1020 and to the given files</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1022 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="test">
1028 <term><command>test</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1031 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1032 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1033 </indexterm>
1034 </listitem>
1035 </varlistentry>
1036
1037 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1038 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1039 <listitem>
1040 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1042 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
1047 <varlistentry id="touch">
1048 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1051 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1052 are created with zero length</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1054 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="tr">
1060 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1063 standard input</para>
1064 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1065 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1066 </indexterm>
1067 </listitem>
1068 </varlistentry>
1069
1070 <varlistentry id="true">
1071 <term><command>true</command></term>
1072 <listitem>
1073 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1074 indicating success</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1076 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1082 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1085 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1086 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1087 </indexterm>
1088 </listitem>
1089 </varlistentry>
1090
1091 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1092 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1093 <listitem>
1094 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1095 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1096 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1097 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1098 </indexterm>
1099 </listitem>
1100 </varlistentry>
1101
1102 <varlistentry id="tty">
1103 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1104 <listitem>
1105 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1106 input</para>
1107 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1108 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1109 </indexterm>
1110 </listitem>
1111 </varlistentry>
1112
1113 <varlistentry id="uname">
1114 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1115 <listitem>
1116 <para>Reports system information</para>
1117 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1118 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1119 </indexterm>
1120 </listitem>
1121 </varlistentry>
1122
1123 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1124 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1125 <listitem>
1126 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1127 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1128 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1129 </indexterm>
1130 </listitem>
1131 </varlistentry>
1132
1133 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1134 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1135 <listitem>
1136 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1137 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1138 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1139 </indexterm>
1140 </listitem>
1141 </varlistentry>
1142
1143 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1144 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1145 <listitem>
1146 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1147 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1148 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1149 </indexterm>
1150 </listitem>
1151 </varlistentry>
1152
1153 <varlistentry id="users">
1154 <term><command>users</command></term>
1155 <listitem>
1156 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1157 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1158 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1159 </indexterm>
1160 </listitem>
1161 </varlistentry>
1162
1163 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1164 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1165 <listitem>
1166 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1167 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1168 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1169 </indexterm>
1170 </listitem>
1171 </varlistentry>
1172
1173 <varlistentry id="wc">
1174 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1175 <listitem>
1176 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1177 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1178 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1179 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1180 </indexterm>
1181 </listitem>
1182 </varlistentry>
1183
1184 <varlistentry id="who">
1185 <term><command>who</command></term>
1186 <listitem>
1187 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1189 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1190 </indexterm>
1191 </listitem>
1192 </varlistentry>
1193
1194 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1195 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1196 <listitem>
1197 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1198 user ID</para>
1199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1200 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1201 </indexterm>
1202 </listitem>
1203 </varlistentry>
1204
1205 <varlistentry id="yes">
1206 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1207 <listitem>
1208 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1209 killed</para>
1210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1211 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1212 </indexterm>
1213 </listitem>
1214 </varlistentry>
1215
1216 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1217 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf.so</filename></term>
1218 <listitem>
1219 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1221 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf.so</primary>
1222 </indexterm>
1223 </listitem>
1224 </varlistentry>
1225
1226 </variablelist>
1227
1228 </sect2>
1229
1230</sect1>
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