source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ d4a090e9

7.9-systemd
Last change on this file since d4a090e9 was d4a090e9, checked in by DJ Lucas <dj@…>, 8 years ago

Add description for base32 in coreutils, and minor cleanup - wrap text at 80 chars.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/branches/systemd@11007 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
52
53<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
54
55 <note>
56 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
57 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
58 without this patch.</para>
59 </note>
60
61 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
64 --prefix=/usr \
65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
71 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
74 built as the root user.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78
79 <varlistentry>
80 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
81 <listitem>
82 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
83 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
84 </para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87 </variablelist>
88
89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
94 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
95
96 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
97 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
102 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
103 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
104 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
105 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
110 run the tests:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
115 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
118 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
121 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
122
123 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Install the package:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
134mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
135mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
136mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
137mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
138sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
139
140 <para>Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the following
141 programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so
142 make sure they are placed there:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
145
146 </sect2>
147
148 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
149 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
150
151 <segmentedlist>
152 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
153 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
154 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
155
156 <seglistitem>
157 <seg>[, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
158 chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
159 dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
160 head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
161 mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
162 pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
163 rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
164 sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
165 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
166 tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
167 yes</seg>
168 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
169 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
170 </seglistitem>
171 </segmentedlist>
172
173 <variablelist>
174 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
175 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
176 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
177
178 <varlistentry id="base32">
179 <term><command>base32</command></term>
180 <listitem>
181 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
182 (RFC 4648)</para>
183 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
184 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
185 </indexterm>
186 </listitem>
187 </varlistentry>
188
189 <varlistentry id="base64">
190 <term><command>base64</command></term>
191 <listitem>
192 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
193 (RFC 4648)</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
195 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="basename">
201 <term><command>basename</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
205 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="cat">
211 <term><command>cat</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
215 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="chcon">
221 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
225 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
226 </indexterm>
227 </listitem>
228 </varlistentry>
229
230 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
231 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
232 <listitem>
233 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
235 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="chmod">
241 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
244 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
245 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
246 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
247 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
248 </indexterm>
249 </listitem>
250 </varlistentry>
251
252 <varlistentry id="chown">
253 <term><command>chown</command></term>
254 <listitem>
255 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
256 directories</para>
257 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
258 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
259 </indexterm>
260 </listitem>
261 </varlistentry>
262
263 <varlistentry id="chroot">
264 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
265 <listitem>
266 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
267 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
268 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
269 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
270 </indexterm>
271 </listitem>
272 </varlistentry>
273
274 <varlistentry id="cksum">
275 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
276 <listitem>
277 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
278 counts of each specified file</para>
279 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
280 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
281 </indexterm>
282 </listitem>
283 </varlistentry>
284
285 <varlistentry id="comm">
286 <term><command>comm</command></term>
287 <listitem>
288 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
289 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
291 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="cp">
297 <term><command>cp</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Copies files</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
301 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="csplit">
307 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
310 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
311 count of each new file</para>
312 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
313 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
314 </indexterm>
315 </listitem>
316 </varlistentry>
317
318 <varlistentry id="cut">
319 <term><command>cut</command></term>
320 <listitem>
321 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
322 fields or positions</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
324 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="date">
330 <term><command>date</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
333 system date</para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
335 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="dd">
341 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
344 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
346 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="df">
352 <term><command>df</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
355 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
356 files</para>
357 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
358 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360 </listitem>
361 </varlistentry>
362
363 <varlistentry id="dir">
364 <term><command>dir</command></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
367 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
369 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
375 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
378 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
379 <command>ls</command></para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
381 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="dirname">
387 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
391 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="du">
397 <term><command>du</command></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
400 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
401 each of the given files</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
403 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="echo">
409 <term><command>echo</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
413 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="env">
419 <term><command>env</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
423 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="expand">
429 <term><command>expand</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
433 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="expr">
439 <term><command>expr</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
442 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
443 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 <varlistentry id="factor">
449 <term><command>factor</command></term>
450 <listitem>
451 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
452 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
453 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
454 </indexterm>
455 </listitem>
456 </varlistentry>
457
458 <varlistentry id="false">
459 <term><command>false</command></term>
460 <listitem>
461 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
462 indicating failure</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
464 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="fmt">
470 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
474 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="fold">
480 <term><command>fold</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
484 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="groups">
490 <term><command>groups</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
494 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="head">
500 <term><command>head</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
503 of each given file</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
505 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="hostid">
511 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
515 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="id">
521 <term><command>id</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
524 of the current user or specified user</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
526 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="install">
532 <term><command>install</command> </term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
535 possible, their owner and group</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
537 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="join">
543 <term><command>join</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
546 separate files</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
548 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="link">
554 <term><command>link</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
558 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="ln">
564 <term><command>ln</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
568 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="logname">
574 <term><command>logname</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
578 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="ls">
584 <term><command>ls</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
588 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
594 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
598 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
604 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
607 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
608 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
609 </indexterm>
610 </listitem>
611 </varlistentry>
612
613 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
614 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
615 <listitem>
616 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
617 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
618 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
619 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
620 </indexterm>
621 </listitem>
622 </varlistentry>
623
624 <varlistentry id="mknod">
625 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
626 <listitem>
627 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
628 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
630 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
636 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
640 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="mv">
646 <term><command>mv</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
650 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="nice">
656 <term><command>nice</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
660 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="nl">
666 <term><command>nl</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
670 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="nohup">
676 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
679 a log file</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
681 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="nproc">
687 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
690 process</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
692 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
698 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
702 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="od">
708 <term><command>od</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
712 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="paste">
718 <term><command>paste</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
721 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
723 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
729 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
733 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="pinky">
739 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
742 about the given users</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
744 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="pr">
750 <term><command>pr</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
754 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="printenv">
760 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Prints the environment</para>
763 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
764 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
765 </indexterm>
766 </listitem>
767 </varlistentry>
768
769 <varlistentry id="printf">
770 <term><command>printf</command></term>
771 <listitem>
772 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
773 like the C printf function</para>
774 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
775 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
776 </indexterm>
777 </listitem>
778 </varlistentry>
779
780 <varlistentry id="ptx">
781 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
782 <listitem>
783 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
784 with each keyword in its context</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
786 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="pwd">
792 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
796 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="readlink">
802 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
806 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="realpath">
812 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
816 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="rm">
822 <term><command>rm</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
826 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
832 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
836 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="runcon">
842 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
845 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
846 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
847 </indexterm>
848 </listitem>
849 </varlistentry>
850
851 <varlistentry id="seq">
852 <term><command>seq</command></term>
853 <listitem>
854 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
855 given increment</para>
856 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
857 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
858 </indexterm>
859 </listitem>
860 </varlistentry>
861
862 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
863 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
864 <listitem>
865 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
866 checksums</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
868 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
874 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
878 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
884 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
888 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
894 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
898 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
904 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
907 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
908 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
909 </indexterm>
910 </listitem>
911 </varlistentry>
912
913 <varlistentry id="shred">
914 <term><command>shred</command></term>
915 <listitem>
916 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
917 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
919 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="shuf">
925 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
929 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="sleep">
935 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
939 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="sort">
945 <term><command>sort</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
948 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
949 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
950 </indexterm>
951 </listitem>
952 </varlistentry>
953
954 <varlistentry id="split">
955 <term><command>split</command></term>
956 <listitem>
957 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
958 lines</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
960 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="stat">
966 <term><command>stat</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
970 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
976 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
979 streams</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
981 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="stty">
987 <term><command>stty</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
991 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="sum">
997 <term><command>sum</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1000 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1001 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1002 </indexterm>
1003 </listitem>
1004 </varlistentry>
1005
1006 <varlistentry id="sync">
1007 <term><command>sync</command></term>
1008 <listitem>
1009 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1010 and updates the super block</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1012 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="tac">
1018 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1021 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1022 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1023 </indexterm>
1024 </listitem>
1025 </varlistentry>
1026
1027 <varlistentry id="tail">
1028 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1029 <listitem>
1030 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1031 given file</para>
1032 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1033 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1034 </indexterm>
1035 </listitem>
1036 </varlistentry>
1037
1038 <varlistentry id="tee">
1039 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1040 <listitem>
1041 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1042 and to the given files</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1044 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="test">
1050 <term><command>test</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1054 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1060 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1064 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="touch">
1070 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1073 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1074 are created with zero length</para>
1075 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1076 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1077 </indexterm>
1078 </listitem>
1079 </varlistentry>
1080
1081 <varlistentry id="tr">
1082 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1083 <listitem>
1084 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1085 standard input</para>
1086 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1087 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1088 </indexterm>
1089 </listitem>
1090 </varlistentry>
1091
1092 <varlistentry id="true">
1093 <term><command>true</command></term>
1094 <listitem>
1095 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1096 indicating success</para>
1097 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1098 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1099 </indexterm>
1100 </listitem>
1101 </varlistentry>
1102
1103 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1104 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1105 <listitem>
1106 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1107 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1108 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1109 </indexterm>
1110 </listitem>
1111 </varlistentry>
1112
1113 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1114 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1115 <listitem>
1116 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1117 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1118 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1119 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1120 </indexterm>
1121 </listitem>
1122 </varlistentry>
1123
1124 <varlistentry id="tty">
1125 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1126 <listitem>
1127 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1128 input</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1130 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="uname">
1136 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Reports system information</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1140 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1146 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1150 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1156 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1160 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1166 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1170 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1171 </indexterm>
1172 </listitem>
1173 </varlistentry>
1174
1175 <varlistentry id="users">
1176 <term><command>users</command></term>
1177 <listitem>
1178 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1180 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1181 </indexterm>
1182 </listitem>
1183 </varlistentry>
1184
1185 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1186 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1187 <listitem>
1188 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1189 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1190 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1191 </indexterm>
1192 </listitem>
1193 </varlistentry>
1194
1195 <varlistentry id="wc">
1196 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1197 <listitem>
1198 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1199 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1201 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1202 </indexterm>
1203 </listitem>
1204 </varlistentry>
1205
1206 <varlistentry id="who">
1207 <term><command>who</command></term>
1208 <listitem>
1209 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1211 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1212 </indexterm>
1213 </listitem>
1214 </varlistentry>
1215
1216 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1217 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1218 <listitem>
1219 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1220 user ID</para>
1221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1222 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1223 </indexterm>
1224 </listitem>
1225 </varlistentry>
1226
1227 <varlistentry id="yes">
1228 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1229 <listitem>
1230 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1231 killed</para>
1232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1233 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1234 </indexterm>
1235 </listitem>
1236 </varlistentry>
1237
1238 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1239 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1240 <listitem>
1241 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1243 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1244 </indexterm>
1245 </listitem>
1246 </varlistentry>
1247
1248 </variablelist>
1249
1250 </sect2>
1251
1252</sect1>
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