source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ e4a5635

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Last change on this file since e4a5635 was e4a5635, checked in by Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@…>, 18 years ago

Replaced "<" by "less than".

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
12
13 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
14 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
15 </indexterm>
16
17 <sect2 role="package">
18 <title/>
19
20 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
21 basic system characteristics.</para>
22
23 <segmentedlist>
24 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
25 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
26
27 <seglistitem>
28 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
29 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
30 </seglistitem>
31 </segmentedlist>
32
33 </sect2>
34
35 <sect2 role="installation">
36 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
37
38 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
39 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
40 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
41 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
42
43<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
44
45 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
46 other packages later:</para>
47
48<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
49
50 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
51 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
52 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
55
56 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
57 the test file have to be changed:</para>
58
59<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
60
61 <note>
62 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
63 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
64 without this patch.</para>
65 </note>
66
67 <para>It has been found that translated messages sometimes overflow a buffer
68 in the <command>who -Hu</command> command. Increase the buffer size:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/_LEN 6/_LEN 20/' src/who.c</userinput></screen>
71
72 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
73
74<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
75
76 <para>Compile the package:</para>
77
78<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para>The test suite of Coreutils makes several assumptions about the
81 presence of system users and groups that are not valid within the minimal
82 environment that exists at the moment. Therefore, additional items need
83 to be set up before running the tests. Skip down to <quote>Install the
84 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
85
86 <para>Create two dummy groups and a dummy user:</para>
87
88<screen><userinput>echo "dummy1:x:1000:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
89echo "dummy2:x:1001:dummy" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
90echo "dummy:x:1000:1000::/root:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
93 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=dummy check-root</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>Then run the remainder of the tests as the
98 <systemitem class="username">dummy</systemitem> user:</para>
99
100<screen><userinput>src/su dummy -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
101
102 <para>When testing is complete, remove the dummy user and groups:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/passwd /etc/group</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Install the package:</para>
107
108<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
109
110 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
113mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
114mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
115mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
116
117 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
118 <command>head</command> and <command>sleep</command>. As
119 <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> may not be available during the
120 early stages of booting, those binaries need to be on the root
121 partition:</para>
122
123<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep} /bin</userinput></screen>
124
125 </sect2>
126
127
128 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
129 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
130
131 <segmentedlist>
132 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
133
134 <seglistitem>
135 <seg>basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm, cp,
136 csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
137 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
138 hostname, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
139 mkfifo, mknod, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
140 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, shred,
141 sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
142 touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users,
143 vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
144 </seglistitem>
145 </segmentedlist>
146
147 <variablelist>
148 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
149 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
150 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
151
152 <varlistentry id="basename">
153 <term><command>basename</command></term>
154 <listitem>
155 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
157 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
158 </indexterm>
159 </listitem>
160 </varlistentry>
161
162 <varlistentry id="cat">
163 <term><command>cat</command></term>
164 <listitem>
165 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
167 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
168 </indexterm>
169 </listitem>
170 </varlistentry>
171
172 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
173 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
174 <listitem>
175 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
177 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
182 <varlistentry id="chmod">
183 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
186 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
187 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
188 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
189 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
190 </indexterm>
191 </listitem>
192 </varlistentry>
193
194 <varlistentry id="chown">
195 <term><command>chown</command></term>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
198 directories</para>
199 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
200 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
201 </indexterm>
202 </listitem>
203 </varlistentry>
204
205 <varlistentry id="chroot">
206 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
209 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
210 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
211 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
212 </indexterm>
213 </listitem>
214 </varlistentry>
215
216 <varlistentry id="cksum">
217 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
218 <listitem>
219 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
220 counts of each specified file</para>
221 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
222 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
223 </indexterm>
224 </listitem>
225 </varlistentry>
226
227 <varlistentry id="comm">
228 <term><command>comm</command></term>
229 <listitem>
230 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
231 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
233 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
234 </indexterm>
235 </listitem>
236 </varlistentry>
237
238 <varlistentry id="cp">
239 <term><command>cp</command></term>
240 <listitem>
241 <para>Copies files</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
243 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="csplit">
249 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
252 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
253 count of each new file</para>
254 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
255 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
256 </indexterm>
257 </listitem>
258 </varlistentry>
259
260 <varlistentry id="cut">
261 <term><command>cut</command></term>
262 <listitem>
263 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
264 fields or positions</para>
265 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
266 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
267 </indexterm>
268 </listitem>
269 </varlistentry>
270
271 <varlistentry id="date">
272 <term><command>date</command></term>
273 <listitem>
274 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
275 system date</para>
276 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
277 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
278 </indexterm>
279 </listitem>
280 </varlistentry>
281
282 <varlistentry id="dd">
283 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
284 <listitem>
285 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
286 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
287 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
288 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
289 </indexterm>
290 </listitem>
291 </varlistentry>
292
293 <varlistentry id="df">
294 <term><command>df</command></term>
295 <listitem>
296 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
297 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
298 files</para>
299 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
300 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302 </listitem>
303 </varlistentry>
304
305 <varlistentry id="dir">
306 <term><command>dir</command></term>
307 <listitem>
308 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
309 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
310 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
311 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
312 </indexterm>
313 </listitem>
314 </varlistentry>
315
316 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
317 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
318 <listitem>
319 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
320 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
321 <command>ls</command></para>
322 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
323 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
324 </indexterm>
325 </listitem>
326 </varlistentry>
327
328 <varlistentry id="dirname">
329 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
330 <listitem>
331 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
332 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
333 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
334 </indexterm>
335 </listitem>
336 </varlistentry>
337
338 <varlistentry id="du">
339 <term><command>du</command></term>
340 <listitem>
341 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
342 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
343 each of the given files</para>
344 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
345 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
346 </indexterm>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349
350 <varlistentry id="echo">
351 <term><command>echo</command></term>
352 <listitem>
353 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
355 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
356 </indexterm>
357 </listitem>
358 </varlistentry>
359
360 <varlistentry id="env">
361 <term><command>env</command></term>
362 <listitem>
363 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
365 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
366 </indexterm>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369
370 <varlistentry id="expand">
371 <term><command>expand</command></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
375 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="expr">
381 <term><command>expr</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
385 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="factor">
391 <term><command>factor</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
395 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="false">
401 <term><command>false</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
404 indicating failure</para>
405 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
406 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
407 </indexterm>
408 </listitem>
409 </varlistentry>
410
411 <varlistentry id="fmt">
412 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
413 <listitem>
414 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
416 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="fold">
422 <term><command>fold</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
426 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="groups">
432 <term><command>groups</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
436 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="head">
442 <term><command>head</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
445 of each given file</para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
447 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 <varlistentry id="hostid">
453 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
454 <listitem>
455 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
457 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="hostname">
463 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
466 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
467 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
468 </indexterm>
469 </listitem>
470 </varlistentry>
471
472 <varlistentry id="id">
473 <term><command>id</command></term>
474 <listitem>
475 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
476 of the current user or specified user</para>
477 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
478 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
479 </indexterm>
480 </listitem>
481 </varlistentry>
482
483 <varlistentry id="install">
484 <term><command>install</command> </term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
487 possible, their owner and group</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
489 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="join">
495 <term><command>join</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
498 separate files</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
500 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="link">
506 <term><command>link</command></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
510 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="ln">
516 <term><command>ln</command></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
520 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="logname">
526 <term><command>logname</command></term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
530 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="ls">
536 <term><command>ls</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
540 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
546 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
550 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
556 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
560 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
566 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
569 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
570 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
571 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
572 </indexterm>
573 </listitem>
574 </varlistentry>
575
576 <varlistentry id="mknod">
577 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
578 <listitem>
579 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
580 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
582 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="mv">
588 <term><command>mv</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
592 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="nice">
598 <term><command>nice</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
602 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="nl">
608 <term><command>nl</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
612 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="nohup">
618 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
621 a log file</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
623 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="od">
629 <term><command>od</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
633 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="paste">
639 <term><command>paste</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
642 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
643 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
644 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
645 </indexterm>
646 </listitem>
647 </varlistentry>
648
649 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
650 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
651 <listitem>
652 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
654 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="pinky">
660 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
663 about the given users</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
665 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="pr">
671 <term><command>pr</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
675 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="printenv">
681 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Prints the environment</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
685 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="printf">
691 <term><command>printf</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
694 like the C printf function</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
696 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="ptx">
702 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
705 with each keyword in its context</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
707 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="pwd">
713 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
717 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="readlink">
723 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
727 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="rm">
733 <term><command>rm</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
737 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
743 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
747 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="seq">
753 <term><command>seq</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
756 given increment</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
758 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
764 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
767 checksums</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
769 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="shred">
775 <term><command>shred</command></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
778 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
779 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
780 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
781 </indexterm>
782 </listitem>
783 </varlistentry>
784
785 <varlistentry id="sleep">
786 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
787 <listitem>
788 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
789 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
790 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
791 </indexterm>
792 </listitem>
793 </varlistentry>
794
795 <varlistentry id="sort">
796 <term><command>sort</command></term>
797 <listitem>
798 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
800 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="split">
806 <term><command>split</command></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
809 lines</para>
810 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
811 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
812 </indexterm>
813 </listitem>
814 </varlistentry>
815
816 <varlistentry id="stat">
817 <term><command>stat</command></term>
818 <listitem>
819 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
820 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
821 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
822 </indexterm>
823 </listitem>
824 </varlistentry>
825
826 <varlistentry id="stty">
827 <term><command>stty</command></term>
828 <listitem>
829 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
830 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
831 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
832 </indexterm>
833 </listitem>
834 </varlistentry>
835
836 <varlistentry id="sum">
837 <term><command>sum</command></term>
838 <listitem>
839 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
840 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
841 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
842 </indexterm>
843 </listitem>
844 </varlistentry>
845
846 <varlistentry id="sync">
847 <term><command>sync</command></term>
848 <listitem>
849 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
850 and updates the super block</para>
851 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
852 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
853 </indexterm>
854 </listitem>
855 </varlistentry>
856
857 <varlistentry id="tac">
858 <term><command>tac</command></term>
859 <listitem>
860 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
862 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="tail">
868 <term><command>tail</command></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
871 given file</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
873 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 <varlistentry id="tee">
879 <term><command>tee</command></term>
880 <listitem>
881 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
882 and to the given files</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
884 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="test">
890 <term><command>test</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
893 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
894 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
895 </indexterm>
896 </listitem>
897 </varlistentry>
898
899 <varlistentry id="touch">
900 <term><command>touch</command></term>
901 <listitem>
902 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
903 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
904 are created with zero length</para>
905 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
906 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
907 </indexterm>
908 </listitem>
909 </varlistentry>
910
911 <varlistentry id="tr">
912 <term><command>tr</command></term>
913 <listitem>
914 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
915 standard input</para>
916 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
917 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
918 </indexterm>
919 </listitem>
920 </varlistentry>
921
922 <varlistentry id="true">
923 <term><command>true</command></term>
924 <listitem>
925 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
926 indicating success</para>
927 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
928 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
929 </indexterm>
930 </listitem>
931 </varlistentry>
932
933 <varlistentry id="tsort">
934 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
935 <listitem>
936 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
937 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
939 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="tty">
945 <term><command>tty</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
948 input</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
950 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="uname">
956 <term><command>uname</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Reports system information</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
960 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
966 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
969 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
970 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
971 </indexterm>
972 </listitem>
973 </varlistentry>
974
975 <varlistentry id="uniq">
976 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
977 <listitem>
978 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
979 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
980 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
981 </indexterm>
982 </listitem>
983 </varlistentry>
984
985 <varlistentry id="unlink">
986 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
987 <listitem>
988 <para>Removes the given file</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
990 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="users">
996 <term><command>users</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
999 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1000 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1001 </indexterm>
1002 </listitem>
1003 </varlistentry>
1004
1005 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1006 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1007 <listitem>
1008 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1010 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="wc">
1016 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1019 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1020 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1021 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1022 </indexterm>
1023 </listitem>
1024 </varlistentry>
1025
1026 <varlistentry id="who">
1027 <term><command>who</command></term>
1028 <listitem>
1029 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1030 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1031 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1032 </indexterm>
1033 </listitem>
1034 </varlistentry>
1035
1036 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1037 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1038 <listitem>
1039 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1040 user ID</para>
1041 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1042 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1043 </indexterm>
1044 </listitem>
1045 </varlistentry>
1046
1047 <varlistentry id="yes">
1048 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1049 <listitem>
1050 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1051 killed</para>
1052 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1053 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1054 </indexterm>
1055 </listitem>
1056 </varlistentry>
1057
1058 </variablelist>
1059
1060 </sect2>
1061
1062</sect1>
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