source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ e747759

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Last change on this file since e747759 was e747759, checked in by Manuel Canales Esparcia <manuel@…>, 17 years ago

Added sect1info blocks to packages pages.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>Prevent Coreutils from installing binaries that will be installed by
52 other packages later:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-suppress-patch;</userinput></screen>
55
56 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
57 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
58 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
59
60<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
61
62 <para>In order for the tests added by this patch to pass, the permissions for
63 the test file have to be changed:</para>
64
65<screen><userinput>chmod +x tests/sort/sort-mb-tests</userinput></screen>
66
67 <note>
68 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
69 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
70 without this patch.</para>
71 </note>
72
73 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
74
75<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para>Compile the package:</para>
78
79<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
80
81 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
82 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
83
84 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
85 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
86
87<screen><userinput>make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
88
89 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
90 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
91 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
92 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
93 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
94
95<screen><userinput>echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
96
97 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput>su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput>sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
104
105 <para>Install the package:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
112mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
113mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
114mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
117 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
118 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
119 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
120 need to be on the root partition:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
123
124 </sect2>
125
126
127 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
128 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
129
130 <segmentedlist>
131 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
132
133 <seglistitem>
134 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
135 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
136 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
137 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
138 mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
139 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
140 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
141 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
142 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
143 </seglistitem>
144 </segmentedlist>
145
146 <variablelist>
147 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
148 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
149 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
150
151 <varlistentry id="base64">
152 <term><command>base64</command></term>
153 <listitem>
154 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
155 specification</para>
156 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
157 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
158 </indexterm>
159 </listitem>
160 </varlistentry>
161
162 <varlistentry id="basename">
163 <term><command>basename</command></term>
164 <listitem>
165 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
166 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
167 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
168 </indexterm>
169 </listitem>
170 </varlistentry>
171
172 <varlistentry id="cat">
173 <term><command>cat</command></term>
174 <listitem>
175 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
176 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
177 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
178 </indexterm>
179 </listitem>
180 </varlistentry>
181
182 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
183 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
184 <listitem>
185 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
186 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
187 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
188 </indexterm>
189 </listitem>
190 </varlistentry>
191
192 <varlistentry id="chmod">
193 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
196 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
197 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
198 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
199 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
200 </indexterm>
201 </listitem>
202 </varlistentry>
203
204 <varlistentry id="chown">
205 <term><command>chown</command></term>
206 <listitem>
207 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
208 directories</para>
209 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
210 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
211 </indexterm>
212 </listitem>
213 </varlistentry>
214
215 <varlistentry id="chroot">
216 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
217 <listitem>
218 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
219 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
220 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
221 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
222 </indexterm>
223 </listitem>
224 </varlistentry>
225
226 <varlistentry id="cksum">
227 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
228 <listitem>
229 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
230 counts of each specified file</para>
231 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
232 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
233 </indexterm>
234 </listitem>
235 </varlistentry>
236
237 <varlistentry id="comm">
238 <term><command>comm</command></term>
239 <listitem>
240 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
241 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
242 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
243 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
244 </indexterm>
245 </listitem>
246 </varlistentry>
247
248 <varlistentry id="cp">
249 <term><command>cp</command></term>
250 <listitem>
251 <para>Copies files</para>
252 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
253 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
254 </indexterm>
255 </listitem>
256 </varlistentry>
257
258 <varlistentry id="csplit">
259 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
260 <listitem>
261 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
262 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
263 count of each new file</para>
264 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
265 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
266 </indexterm>
267 </listitem>
268 </varlistentry>
269
270 <varlistentry id="cut">
271 <term><command>cut</command></term>
272 <listitem>
273 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
274 fields or positions</para>
275 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
276 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
277 </indexterm>
278 </listitem>
279 </varlistentry>
280
281 <varlistentry id="date">
282 <term><command>date</command></term>
283 <listitem>
284 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
285 system date</para>
286 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
287 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
288 </indexterm>
289 </listitem>
290 </varlistentry>
291
292 <varlistentry id="dd">
293 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
294 <listitem>
295 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
296 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
297 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
298 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300 </listitem>
301 </varlistentry>
302
303 <varlistentry id="df">
304 <term><command>df</command></term>
305 <listitem>
306 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
307 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
308 files</para>
309 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
310 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
311 </indexterm>
312 </listitem>
313 </varlistentry>
314
315 <varlistentry id="dir">
316 <term><command>dir</command></term>
317 <listitem>
318 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
319 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
320 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
321 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
322 </indexterm>
323 </listitem>
324 </varlistentry>
325
326 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
327 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
328 <listitem>
329 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
330 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
331 <command>ls</command></para>
332 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
333 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
334 </indexterm>
335 </listitem>
336 </varlistentry>
337
338 <varlistentry id="dirname">
339 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
340 <listitem>
341 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
343 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="du">
349 <term><command>du</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
352 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
353 each of the given files</para>
354 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
355 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
356 </indexterm>
357 </listitem>
358 </varlistentry>
359
360 <varlistentry id="echo">
361 <term><command>echo</command></term>
362 <listitem>
363 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
365 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
366 </indexterm>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369
370 <varlistentry id="env">
371 <term><command>env</command></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
375 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="expand">
381 <term><command>expand</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
385 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="expr">
391 <term><command>expr</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
395 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="factor">
401 <term><command>factor</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
405 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="false">
411 <term><command>false</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
414 indicating failure</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
416 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="fmt">
422 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
426 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="fold">
432 <term><command>fold</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
435 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
436 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
437 </indexterm>
438 </listitem>
439 </varlistentry>
440
441 <varlistentry id="groups">
442 <term><command>groups</command></term>
443 <listitem>
444 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
445 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
446 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
447 </indexterm>
448 </listitem>
449 </varlistentry>
450
451 <varlistentry id="head">
452 <term><command>head</command></term>
453 <listitem>
454 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
455 of each given file</para>
456 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
457 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
458 </indexterm>
459 </listitem>
460 </varlistentry>
461
462 <varlistentry id="hostid">
463 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
464 <listitem>
465 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
466 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
467 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
468 </indexterm>
469 </listitem>
470 </varlistentry>
471
472 <varlistentry id="hostname">
473 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
474 <listitem>
475 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
476 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
477 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
478 </indexterm>
479 </listitem>
480 </varlistentry>
481
482 <varlistentry id="id">
483 <term><command>id</command></term>
484 <listitem>
485 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
486 of the current user or specified user</para>
487 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
488 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
489 </indexterm>
490 </listitem>
491 </varlistentry>
492
493 <varlistentry id="install">
494 <term><command>install</command> </term>
495 <listitem>
496 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
497 possible, their owner and group</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
499 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="join">
505 <term><command>join</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
508 separate files</para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
510 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="link">
516 <term><command>link</command></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
520 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="ln">
526 <term><command>ln</command></term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
530 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="logname">
536 <term><command>logname</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
540 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="ls">
546 <term><command>ls</command></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
550 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
556 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
560 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
566 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
570 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
576 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
579 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
581 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="mknod">
587 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
590 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
592 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="mv">
598 <term><command>mv</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
602 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="nice">
608 <term><command>nice</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
611 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
612 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
613 </indexterm>
614 </listitem>
615 </varlistentry>
616
617 <varlistentry id="nl">
618 <term><command>nl</command></term>
619 <listitem>
620 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
622 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="nohup">
628 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
631 a log file</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
633 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="od">
639 <term><command>od</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
643 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="paste">
649 <term><command>paste</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
652 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
654 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
660 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
663 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
664 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
665 </indexterm>
666 </listitem>
667 </varlistentry>
668
669 <varlistentry id="pinky">
670 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
671 <listitem>
672 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
673 about the given users</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
675 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="pr">
681 <term><command>pr</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
685 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="printenv">
691 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Prints the environment</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
695 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="printf">
701 <term><command>printf</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
704 like the C printf function</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
706 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="ptx">
712 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
715 with each keyword in its context</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
717 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="pwd">
723 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
727 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="readlink">
733 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
737 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="rm">
743 <term><command>rm</command></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
747 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
753 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
756 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
757 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
758 </indexterm>
759 </listitem>
760 </varlistentry>
761
762 <varlistentry id="seq">
763 <term><command>seq</command></term>
764 <listitem>
765 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
766 given increment</para>
767 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
768 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
769 </indexterm>
770 </listitem>
771 </varlistentry>
772
773 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
774 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
775 <listitem>
776 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
777 checksums</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
779 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
785 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
789 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
795 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
798 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
799 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
800 </indexterm>
801 </listitem>
802 </varlistentry>
803
804 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
805 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
806 <listitem>
807 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
809 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
815 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
819 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="shred">
825 <term><command>shred</command></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
828 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
830 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="shuf">
836 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
840 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="sleep">
846 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
850 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="sort">
856 <term><command>sort</command></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
860 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="split">
866 <term><command>split</command></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
869 lines</para>
870 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
871 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
872 </indexterm>
873 </listitem>
874 </varlistentry>
875
876 <varlistentry id="stat">
877 <term><command>stat</command></term>
878 <listitem>
879 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
880 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
881 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
882 </indexterm>
883 </listitem>
884 </varlistentry>
885
886 <varlistentry id="stty">
887 <term><command>stty</command></term>
888 <listitem>
889 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
890 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
891 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
892 </indexterm>
893 </listitem>
894 </varlistentry>
895
896 <varlistentry id="sum">
897 <term><command>sum</command></term>
898 <listitem>
899 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
901 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="sync">
907 <term><command>sync</command></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
910 and updates the super block</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
912 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="tac">
918 <term><command>tac</command></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
921 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
922 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
923 </indexterm>
924 </listitem>
925 </varlistentry>
926
927 <varlistentry id="tail">
928 <term><command>tail</command></term>
929 <listitem>
930 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
931 given file</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
933 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="tee">
939 <term><command>tee</command></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
942 and to the given files</para>
943 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
944 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
945 </indexterm>
946 </listitem>
947 </varlistentry>
948
949 <varlistentry id="test">
950 <term><command>test</command></term>
951 <listitem>
952 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
954 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="touch">
960 <term><command>touch</command></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
963 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
964 are created with zero length</para>
965 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
966 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
967 </indexterm>
968 </listitem>
969 </varlistentry>
970
971 <varlistentry id="tr">
972 <term><command>tr</command></term>
973 <listitem>
974 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
975 standard input</para>
976 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
977 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
978 </indexterm>
979 </listitem>
980 </varlistentry>
981
982 <varlistentry id="true">
983 <term><command>true</command></term>
984 <listitem>
985 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
986 indicating success</para>
987 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
988 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
989 </indexterm>
990 </listitem>
991 </varlistentry>
992
993 <varlistentry id="tsort">
994 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
995 <listitem>
996 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
997 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
998 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
999 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1000 </indexterm>
1001 </listitem>
1002 </varlistentry>
1003
1004 <varlistentry id="tty">
1005 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1006 <listitem>
1007 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1008 input</para>
1009 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1010 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1011 </indexterm>
1012 </listitem>
1013 </varlistentry>
1014
1015 <varlistentry id="uname">
1016 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1017 <listitem>
1018 <para>Reports system information</para>
1019 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1020 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1021 </indexterm>
1022 </listitem>
1023 </varlistentry>
1024
1025 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1026 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1027 <listitem>
1028 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1029 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1030 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1031 </indexterm>
1032 </listitem>
1033 </varlistentry>
1034
1035 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1036 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1037 <listitem>
1038 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1039 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1040 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1041 </indexterm>
1042 </listitem>
1043 </varlistentry>
1044
1045 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1046 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1047 <listitem>
1048 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1049 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1050 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1051 </indexterm>
1052 </listitem>
1053 </varlistentry>
1054
1055 <varlistentry id="users">
1056 <term><command>users</command></term>
1057 <listitem>
1058 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1059 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1060 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1061 </indexterm>
1062 </listitem>
1063 </varlistentry>
1064
1065 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1066 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1067 <listitem>
1068 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1069 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1070 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1071 </indexterm>
1072 </listitem>
1073 </varlistentry>
1074
1075 <varlistentry id="wc">
1076 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1077 <listitem>
1078 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1079 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1080 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1081 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1082 </indexterm>
1083 </listitem>
1084 </varlistentry>
1085
1086 <varlistentry id="who">
1087 <term><command>who</command></term>
1088 <listitem>
1089 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1090 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1091 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1092 </indexterm>
1093 </listitem>
1094 </varlistentry>
1095
1096 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1097 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1098 <listitem>
1099 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1100 user ID</para>
1101 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1102 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1103 </indexterm>
1104 </listitem>
1105 </varlistentry>
1106
1107 <varlistentry id="yes">
1108 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1109 <listitem>
1110 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1111 killed</para>
1112 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1113 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1114 </indexterm>
1115 </listitem>
1116 </varlistentry>
1117
1118 </variablelist>
1119
1120 </sect2>
1121
1122</sect1>
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