source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ f1dd547

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Last change on this file since f1dd547 was e408cb0, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 8 years ago

Update to coreutils-8.25. Fixes
Simplify bash installation procedures.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10988 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 42.5 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43<!--
44 <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
45
46<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
47-->
48
49 <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
50 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
51 this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
52
53<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
54
55 <note>
56 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
57 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
58 without this patch.</para>
59 </note>
60
61 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
64 --prefix=/usr \
65 --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
66
67 <variablelist>
68 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
69
70 <varlistentry>
71 <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
72 <listitem>
73 <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
74 built as the root user.
75 </para>
76 </listitem>
77 </varlistentry>
78
79 <varlistentry>
80 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
81 <listitem>
82 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
83 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
84 </para>
85 </listitem>
86 </varlistentry>
87 </variablelist>
88
89 <para>Compile the package:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
92
93 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
94 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
95
96 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
97 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
98
99<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
100
101 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
102 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
103 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
104 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
105 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
110 run the tests:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
115 environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
118 -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
121 passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
122
123 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>Install the package:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
134mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
135mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
136mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
137mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
138sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
139
140 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
141 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
142 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
143 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
144 need to be on the root partition:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
147
148 </sect2>
149
150 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
151 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
152
153 <segmentedlist>
154 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
155 <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
156 <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
157
158 <seglistitem>
159 <seg>[, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum,
160 comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo,
161 env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid,
162 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
163 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr,
164 printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm, rmdir, runcon, seq,
165 sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep,
166 sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum, sync, tac, tail, tee, test,
167 timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort, tty, uname, unexpand, uniq,
168 unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
169 <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
170 <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
171 </seglistitem>
172 </segmentedlist>
173
174 <variablelist>
175 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
176 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
177 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
178
179 <varlistentry id="base64">
180 <term><command>base64</command></term>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
183 specification</para>
184 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
185 <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
186 </indexterm>
187 </listitem>
188 </varlistentry>
189
190 <varlistentry id="basename">
191 <term><command>basename</command></term>
192 <listitem>
193 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
194 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
195 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
196 </indexterm>
197 </listitem>
198 </varlistentry>
199
200 <varlistentry id="cat">
201 <term><command>cat</command></term>
202 <listitem>
203 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
204 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
205 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
206 </indexterm>
207 </listitem>
208 </varlistentry>
209
210 <varlistentry id="chcon">
211 <term><command>chcon</command></term>
212 <listitem>
213 <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
214 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
215 <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
216 </indexterm>
217 </listitem>
218 </varlistentry>
219
220 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
221 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
222 <listitem>
223 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
224 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
225 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
226 </indexterm>
227 </listitem>
228 </varlistentry>
229
230 <varlistentry id="chmod">
231 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
232 <listitem>
233 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
234 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
235 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
236 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
237 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
238 </indexterm>
239 </listitem>
240 </varlistentry>
241
242 <varlistentry id="chown">
243 <term><command>chown</command></term>
244 <listitem>
245 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
246 directories</para>
247 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
248 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
249 </indexterm>
250 </listitem>
251 </varlistentry>
252
253 <varlistentry id="chroot">
254 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
255 <listitem>
256 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
257 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
258 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
259 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261 </listitem>
262 </varlistentry>
263
264 <varlistentry id="cksum">
265 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
266 <listitem>
267 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
268 counts of each specified file</para>
269 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
270 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
271 </indexterm>
272 </listitem>
273 </varlistentry>
274
275 <varlistentry id="comm">
276 <term><command>comm</command></term>
277 <listitem>
278 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
279 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
280 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
281 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283 </listitem>
284 </varlistentry>
285
286 <varlistentry id="cp">
287 <term><command>cp</command></term>
288 <listitem>
289 <para>Copies files</para>
290 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
291 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
292 </indexterm>
293 </listitem>
294 </varlistentry>
295
296 <varlistentry id="csplit">
297 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
298 <listitem>
299 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
300 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
301 count of each new file</para>
302 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
303 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
304 </indexterm>
305 </listitem>
306 </varlistentry>
307
308 <varlistentry id="cut">
309 <term><command>cut</command></term>
310 <listitem>
311 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
312 fields or positions</para>
313 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
314 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
315 </indexterm>
316 </listitem>
317 </varlistentry>
318
319 <varlistentry id="date">
320 <term><command>date</command></term>
321 <listitem>
322 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
323 system date</para>
324 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
325 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
326 </indexterm>
327 </listitem>
328 </varlistentry>
329
330 <varlistentry id="dd">
331 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
332 <listitem>
333 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
334 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
336 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="df">
342 <term><command>df</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
345 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
346 files</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
348 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="dir">
354 <term><command>dir</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
357 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
359 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
365 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
368 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
369 <command>ls</command></para>
370 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
371 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
372 </indexterm>
373 </listitem>
374 </varlistentry>
375
376 <varlistentry id="dirname">
377 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
378 <listitem>
379 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
381 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="du">
387 <term><command>du</command></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
390 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
391 each of the given files</para>
392 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
393 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
394 </indexterm>
395 </listitem>
396 </varlistentry>
397
398 <varlistentry id="echo">
399 <term><command>echo</command></term>
400 <listitem>
401 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
403 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="env">
409 <term><command>env</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
413 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="expand">
419 <term><command>expand</command></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
423 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="expr">
429 <term><command>expr</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
433 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="factor">
439 <term><command>factor</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
442 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
443 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
444 </indexterm>
445 </listitem>
446 </varlistentry>
447
448 <varlistentry id="false">
449 <term><command>false</command></term>
450 <listitem>
451 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
452 indicating failure</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
454 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="fmt">
460 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
464 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="fold">
470 <term><command>fold</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
474 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="groups">
480 <term><command>groups</command></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
484 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="head">
490 <term><command>head</command></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
493 of each given file</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
495 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="hostid">
501 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
504 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
505 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
506 </indexterm>
507 </listitem>
508 </varlistentry>
509
510 <varlistentry id="id">
511 <term><command>id</command></term>
512 <listitem>
513 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
514 of the current user or specified user</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
516 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="install">
522 <term><command>install</command> </term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
525 possible, their owner and group</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
527 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="join">
533 <term><command>join</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
536 separate files</para>
537 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
538 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
539 </indexterm>
540 </listitem>
541 </varlistentry>
542
543 <varlistentry id="link">
544 <term><command>link</command></term>
545 <listitem>
546 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
548 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="ln">
554 <term><command>ln</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
558 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="logname">
564 <term><command>logname</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
568 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="ls">
574 <term><command>ls</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
577 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
578 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
579 </indexterm>
580 </listitem>
581 </varlistentry>
582
583 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
584 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
585 <listitem>
586 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
587 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
588 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
589 </indexterm>
590 </listitem>
591 </varlistentry>
592
593 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
594 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
595 <listitem>
596 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
597 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
598 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
599 </indexterm>
600 </listitem>
601 </varlistentry>
602
603 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
604 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
605 <listitem>
606 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
607 pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
608 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
609 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
610 </indexterm>
611 </listitem>
612 </varlistentry>
613
614 <varlistentry id="mknod">
615 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
616 <listitem>
617 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
618 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
619 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
620 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
621 </indexterm>
622 </listitem>
623 </varlistentry>
624
625 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
626 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
627 <listitem>
628 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
629 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
630 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
631 </indexterm>
632 </listitem>
633 </varlistentry>
634
635 <varlistentry id="mv">
636 <term><command>mv</command></term>
637 <listitem>
638 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
639 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
640 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
641 </indexterm>
642 </listitem>
643 </varlistentry>
644
645 <varlistentry id="nice">
646 <term><command>nice</command></term>
647 <listitem>
648 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
649 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
650 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
651 </indexterm>
652 </listitem>
653 </varlistentry>
654
655 <varlistentry id="nl">
656 <term><command>nl</command></term>
657 <listitem>
658 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
660 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="nohup">
666 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
669 a log file</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
671 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="nproc">
677 <term><command>nproc</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
680 process</para>
681 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
682 <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
683 </indexterm>
684 </listitem>
685 </varlistentry>
686
687 <varlistentry id="numfmt">
688 <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
689 <listitem>
690 <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
691 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
692 <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
693 </indexterm>
694 </listitem>
695 </varlistentry>
696
697 <varlistentry id="od">
698 <term><command>od</command></term>
699 <listitem>
700 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
702 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="paste">
708 <term><command>paste</command></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
711 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
712 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
713 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
714 </indexterm>
715 </listitem>
716 </varlistentry>
717
718 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
719 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
720 <listitem>
721 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
723 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="pinky">
729 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
732 about the given users</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
734 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="pr">
740 <term><command>pr</command></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
743 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
744 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
745 </indexterm>
746 </listitem>
747 </varlistentry>
748
749 <varlistentry id="printenv">
750 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
751 <listitem>
752 <para>Prints the environment</para>
753 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
754 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
755 </indexterm>
756 </listitem>
757 </varlistentry>
758
759 <varlistentry id="printf">
760 <term><command>printf</command></term>
761 <listitem>
762 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
763 like the C printf function</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
765 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="ptx">
771 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
774 with each keyword in its context</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
776 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="pwd">
782 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
786 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="readlink">
792 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
796 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="realpath">
802 <term><command>realpath</command></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
805 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
806 <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
807 </indexterm>
808 </listitem>
809 </varlistentry>
810
811 <varlistentry id="rm">
812 <term><command>rm</command></term>
813 <listitem>
814 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
815 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
816 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
817 </indexterm>
818 </listitem>
819 </varlistentry>
820
821 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
822 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
823 <listitem>
824 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
825 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
826 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
827 </indexterm>
828 </listitem>
829 </varlistentry>
830
831 <varlistentry id="runcon">
832 <term><command>runcon</command></term>
833 <listitem>
834 <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
836 <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="seq">
842 <term><command>seq</command></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
845 given increment</para>
846 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
847 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
848 </indexterm>
849 </listitem>
850 </varlistentry>
851
852 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
853 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
854 <listitem>
855 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
856 checksums</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
858 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
864 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
868 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
874 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
878 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
884 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
888 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
894 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
898 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="shred">
904 <term><command>shred</command></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
907 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
909 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="shuf">
915 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
919 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="sleep">
925 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
929 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="sort">
935 <term><command>sort</command></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
938 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
939 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
940 </indexterm>
941 </listitem>
942 </varlistentry>
943
944 <varlistentry id="split">
945 <term><command>split</command></term>
946 <listitem>
947 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
948 lines</para>
949 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
950 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
951 </indexterm>
952 </listitem>
953 </varlistentry>
954
955 <varlistentry id="stat">
956 <term><command>stat</command></term>
957 <listitem>
958 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
959 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
960 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
961 </indexterm>
962 </listitem>
963 </varlistentry>
964
965 <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
966 <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
967 <listitem>
968 <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
969 streams</para>
970 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
971 <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
972 </indexterm>
973 </listitem>
974 </varlistentry>
975
976 <varlistentry id="stty">
977 <term><command>stty</command></term>
978 <listitem>
979 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
980 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
981 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
982 </indexterm>
983 </listitem>
984 </varlistentry>
985
986 <varlistentry id="sum">
987 <term><command>sum</command></term>
988 <listitem>
989 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
990 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
991 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
992 </indexterm>
993 </listitem>
994 </varlistentry>
995
996 <varlistentry id="sync">
997 <term><command>sync</command></term>
998 <listitem>
999 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1000 and updates the super block</para>
1001 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1002 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1003 </indexterm>
1004 </listitem>
1005 </varlistentry>
1006
1007 <varlistentry id="tac">
1008 <term><command>tac</command></term>
1009 <listitem>
1010 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1012 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="tail">
1018 <term><command>tail</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1021 given file</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1023 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="tee">
1029 <term><command>tee</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1032 and to the given files</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1034 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="test">
1040 <term><command>test</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1044 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="timeout">
1050 <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1054 <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="touch">
1060 <term><command>touch</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1063 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1064 are created with zero length</para>
1065 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1066 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1067 </indexterm>
1068 </listitem>
1069 </varlistentry>
1070
1071 <varlistentry id="tr">
1072 <term><command>tr</command></term>
1073 <listitem>
1074 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1075 standard input</para>
1076 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1077 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1078 </indexterm>
1079 </listitem>
1080 </varlistentry>
1081
1082 <varlistentry id="true">
1083 <term><command>true</command></term>
1084 <listitem>
1085 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1086 indicating success</para>
1087 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1088 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1089 </indexterm>
1090 </listitem>
1091 </varlistentry>
1092
1093 <varlistentry id="truncate">
1094 <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1095 <listitem>
1096 <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1097 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1098 <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1099 </indexterm>
1100 </listitem>
1101 </varlistentry>
1102
1103 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1104 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1105 <listitem>
1106 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1107 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1108 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1109 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1110 </indexterm>
1111 </listitem>
1112 </varlistentry>
1113
1114 <varlistentry id="tty">
1115 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1116 <listitem>
1117 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1118 input</para>
1119 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1120 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1121 </indexterm>
1122 </listitem>
1123 </varlistentry>
1124
1125 <varlistentry id="uname">
1126 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1127 <listitem>
1128 <para>Reports system information</para>
1129 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1130 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1131 </indexterm>
1132 </listitem>
1133 </varlistentry>
1134
1135 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1136 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1137 <listitem>
1138 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1139 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1140 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1141 </indexterm>
1142 </listitem>
1143 </varlistentry>
1144
1145 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1146 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1147 <listitem>
1148 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1149 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1150 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1151 </indexterm>
1152 </listitem>
1153 </varlistentry>
1154
1155 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1156 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1157 <listitem>
1158 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1159 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1160 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1161 </indexterm>
1162 </listitem>
1163 </varlistentry>
1164
1165 <varlistentry id="users">
1166 <term><command>users</command></term>
1167 <listitem>
1168 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1169 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1170 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1171 </indexterm>
1172 </listitem>
1173 </varlistentry>
1174
1175 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1176 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1177 <listitem>
1178 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1179 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1180 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1181 </indexterm>
1182 </listitem>
1183 </varlistentry>
1184
1185 <varlistentry id="wc">
1186 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1187 <listitem>
1188 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1189 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1191 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1192 </indexterm>
1193 </listitem>
1194 </varlistentry>
1195
1196 <varlistentry id="who">
1197 <term><command>who</command></term>
1198 <listitem>
1199 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1201 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1202 </indexterm>
1203 </listitem>
1204 </varlistentry>
1205
1206 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1207 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1208 <listitem>
1209 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1210 user ID</para>
1211 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1212 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1213 </indexterm>
1214 </listitem>
1215 </varlistentry>
1216
1217 <varlistentry id="yes">
1218 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1219 <listitem>
1220 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1221 killed</para>
1222 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1223 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1224 </indexterm>
1225 </listitem>
1226 </varlistentry>
1227
1228 <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1229 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1230 <listitem>
1231 <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1232 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1233 <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1234 </indexterm>
1235 </listitem>
1236 </varlistentry>
1237
1238 </variablelist>
1239
1240 </sect2>
1241
1242</sect1>
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