source: chapter06/coreutils.xml@ f3c13ba

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Last change on this file since f3c13ba was f3c13ba, checked in by Randy McMurchy <randy@…>, 16 years ago

Corrected some erroneous text in the Coreutils instructions, thanks to Greg Shafer for pointing it out

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8584 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>coreutils</productname>
13 <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
20 <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
27 basic system characteristics.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
43
44 <para>A known issue with the <command>uname</command> program from
45 this package is that the <parameter>-p</parameter> switch always
46 returns <computeroutput>unknown</computeroutput>. The following patch
47 fixes this behavior for Intel architectures:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-uname-patch;</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>There's an internal issue with Coreutils which makes some of the
52 programs behave abnormally if you build using an older kernel. Apply a
53 patch to fix the issue:</para>
54
55<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-old-kernel-patch;</userinput></screen>
56
57 <!-- <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
58 boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch
59 fixes this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
62
63 <note>
64 <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
65 bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
66 without this patch.</para>
67 </note> -->
68
69 <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
70
71<screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-install-program=hostname --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
72
73 <variablelist>
74 <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
75
76 <varlistentry>
77 <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
78 <listitem>
79 <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
80 installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
81 </para>
82 </listitem>
83 </varlistentry>
84 </variablelist>
85
86 <para>Compile the package:</para>
87
88<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
89
90 <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
91 package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
92
93 <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
94 meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
99 <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
100 however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
101 these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
102 user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
107 run the tests:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -v nobody gnulib-tests/.deps</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>Now run the tests:</para>
112
113<screen><userinput remap="test">su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
114
115 <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
116
117<screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
118
119 <para>Install the package:</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
122
123 <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
126mv -v /usr/bin/{false,hostname,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,readlink,rm} /bin
127mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
128mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
129
130 <para>Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package depend on
131 <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
132 <command>nice</command>. As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
133 may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
134 need to be on the root partition:</para>
135
136<screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin</userinput></screen>
137
138 </sect2>
139
140
141 <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
142 <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
143
144 <segmentedlist>
145 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
146
147 <seglistitem>
148 <seg>base64, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, cksum, comm,
149 cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors, dirname, du, echo, env,
150 expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups, head, hostid, hostname,
151 id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod,
152 mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, od, paste, pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf,
153 ptx, pwd, readlink, rm, rmdir, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum,
154 sha384sum, sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stty, sum,
155 sync, tac, tail, tee, test, touch, tr, true, tsort, tty, uname,
156 unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and yes</seg>
157 </seglistitem>
158 </segmentedlist>
159
160 <variablelist>
161 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
162 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
163 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
164
165 <varlistentry id="base64">
166 <term><command>base64</command></term>
167 <listitem>
168 <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 (RFC 3548)
169 specification</para>
170 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
171 <primary sortas="b-base64">basename</primary>
172 </indexterm>
173 </listitem>
174 </varlistentry>
175
176 <varlistentry id="basename">
177 <term><command>basename</command></term>
178 <listitem>
179 <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
180 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
181 <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
182 </indexterm>
183 </listitem>
184 </varlistentry>
185
186 <varlistentry id="cat">
187 <term><command>cat</command></term>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
190 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
191 <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
192 </indexterm>
193 </listitem>
194 </varlistentry>
195
196 <varlistentry id="chgrp">
197 <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
198 <listitem>
199 <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
200 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
201 <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
202 </indexterm>
203 </listitem>
204 </varlistentry>
205
206 <varlistentry id="chmod">
207 <term><command>chmod</command></term>
208 <listitem>
209 <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
210 can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
211 octal number representing the new permissions</para>
212 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
213 <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
214 </indexterm>
215 </listitem>
216 </varlistentry>
217
218 <varlistentry id="chown">
219 <term><command>chown</command></term>
220 <listitem>
221 <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
222 directories</para>
223 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
224 <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
225 </indexterm>
226 </listitem>
227 </varlistentry>
228
229 <varlistentry id="chroot">
230 <term><command>chroot</command></term>
231 <listitem>
232 <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
233 <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
234 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
235 <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
236 </indexterm>
237 </listitem>
238 </varlistentry>
239
240 <varlistentry id="cksum">
241 <term><command>cksum</command></term>
242 <listitem>
243 <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
244 counts of each specified file</para>
245 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
246 <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
247 </indexterm>
248 </listitem>
249 </varlistentry>
250
251 <varlistentry id="comm">
252 <term><command>comm</command></term>
253 <listitem>
254 <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
255 that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
256 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
257 <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
258 </indexterm>
259 </listitem>
260 </varlistentry>
261
262 <varlistentry id="cp">
263 <term><command>cp</command></term>
264 <listitem>
265 <para>Copies files</para>
266 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
267 <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
268 </indexterm>
269 </listitem>
270 </varlistentry>
271
272 <varlistentry id="csplit">
273 <term><command>csplit</command></term>
274 <listitem>
275 <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
276 according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
277 count of each new file</para>
278 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
279 <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
280 </indexterm>
281 </listitem>
282 </varlistentry>
283
284 <varlistentry id="cut">
285 <term><command>cut</command></term>
286 <listitem>
287 <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
288 fields or positions</para>
289 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
290 <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292 </listitem>
293 </varlistentry>
294
295 <varlistentry id="date">
296 <term><command>date</command></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
299 system date</para>
300 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
301 <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
302 </indexterm>
303 </listitem>
304 </varlistentry>
305
306 <varlistentry id="dd">
307 <term><command>dd</command> </term>
308 <listitem>
309 <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
310 optionally performing conversions on it</para>
311 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
312 <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
313 </indexterm>
314 </listitem>
315 </varlistentry>
316
317 <varlistentry id="df">
318 <term><command>df</command></term>
319 <listitem>
320 <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
321 mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
322 files</para>
323 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
324 <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
325 </indexterm>
326 </listitem>
327 </varlistentry>
328
329 <varlistentry id="dir">
330 <term><command>dir</command></term>
331 <listitem>
332 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
333 the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
334 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
335 <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
336 </indexterm>
337 </listitem>
338 </varlistentry>
339
340 <varlistentry id="dircolors">
341 <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
342 <listitem>
343 <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
344 environment variable to change the color scheme used by
345 <command>ls</command></para>
346 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
347 <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
348 </indexterm>
349 </listitem>
350 </varlistentry>
351
352 <varlistentry id="dirname">
353 <term><command>dirname</command></term>
354 <listitem>
355 <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
357 <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="du">
363 <term><command>du</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
366 by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
367 each of the given files</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
369 <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="echo">
375 <term><command>echo</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>Displays the given strings</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
379 <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="env">
385 <term><command>env</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
388 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
389 <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
390 </indexterm>
391 </listitem>
392 </varlistentry>
393
394 <varlistentry id="expand">
395 <term><command>expand</command></term>
396 <listitem>
397 <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
398 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
399 <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
400 </indexterm>
401 </listitem>
402 </varlistentry>
403
404 <varlistentry id="expr">
405 <term><command>expr</command></term>
406 <listitem>
407 <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
408 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
409 <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
410 </indexterm>
411 </listitem>
412 </varlistentry>
413
414 <varlistentry id="factor">
415 <term><command>factor</command></term>
416 <listitem>
417 <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
418 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
419 <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
420 </indexterm>
421 </listitem>
422 </varlistentry>
423
424 <varlistentry id="false">
425 <term><command>false</command></term>
426 <listitem>
427 <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
428 indicating failure</para>
429 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
430 <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432 </listitem>
433 </varlistentry>
434
435 <varlistentry id="fmt">
436 <term><command>fmt</command></term>
437 <listitem>
438 <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
439 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
440 <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
441 </indexterm>
442 </listitem>
443 </varlistentry>
444
445 <varlistentry id="fold">
446 <term><command>fold</command></term>
447 <listitem>
448 <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
449 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
450 <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
451 </indexterm>
452 </listitem>
453 </varlistentry>
454
455 <varlistentry id="groups">
456 <term><command>groups</command></term>
457 <listitem>
458 <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
460 <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="head">
466 <term><command>head</command></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
469 of each given file</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
471 <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="hostid">
477 <term><command>hostid</command></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
480 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
481 <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
482 </indexterm>
483 </listitem>
484 </varlistentry>
485
486 <varlistentry id="hostname">
487 <term><command>hostname</command></term>
488 <listitem>
489 <para>Reports or sets the name of the host</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostname">
491 <primary sortas="b-hostname">hostname</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="id">
497 <term><command>id</command></term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
500 of the current user or specified user</para>
501 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
502 <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
503 </indexterm>
504 </listitem>
505 </varlistentry>
506
507 <varlistentry id="install">
508 <term><command>install</command> </term>
509 <listitem>
510 <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
511 possible, their owner and group</para>
512 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
513 <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
514 </indexterm>
515 </listitem>
516 </varlistentry>
517
518 <varlistentry id="join">
519 <term><command>join</command></term>
520 <listitem>
521 <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
522 separate files</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
524 <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="link">
530 <term><command>link</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
533 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
534 <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
535 </indexterm>
536 </listitem>
537 </varlistentry>
538
539 <varlistentry id="ln">
540 <term><command>ln</command></term>
541 <listitem>
542 <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
543 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
544 <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
545 </indexterm>
546 </listitem>
547 </varlistentry>
548
549 <varlistentry id="logname">
550 <term><command>logname</command></term>
551 <listitem>
552 <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
554 <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="ls">
560 <term><command>ls</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
564 <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="md5sum">
570 <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
573 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
574 <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
575 </indexterm>
576 </listitem>
577 </varlistentry>
578
579 <varlistentry id="mkdir">
580 <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
581 <listitem>
582 <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
584 <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
590 <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a <quote>named
593 pipe</quote> in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
595 <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="mknod">
601 <term><command>mknod</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
604 character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
606 <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="mktemp">
612 <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
616 <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="mv">
622 <term><command>mv</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
626 <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="nice">
632 <term><command>nice</command></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
636 <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="nl">
642 <term><command>nl</command></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
646 <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="nohup">
652 <term><command>nohup</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
655 a log file</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
657 <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="od">
663 <term><command>od</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
667 <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="paste">
673 <term><command>paste</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
676 side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
677 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
678 <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
679 </indexterm>
680 </listitem>
681 </varlistentry>
682
683 <varlistentry id="pathchk">
684 <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
685 <listitem>
686 <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
687 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
688 <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
689 </indexterm>
690 </listitem>
691 </varlistentry>
692
693 <varlistentry id="pinky">
694 <term><command>pinky</command></term>
695 <listitem>
696 <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
697 about the given users</para>
698 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
699 <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
700 </indexterm>
701 </listitem>
702 </varlistentry>
703
704 <varlistentry id="pr">
705 <term><command>pr</command></term>
706 <listitem>
707 <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
709 <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="printenv">
715 <term><command>printenv</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>Prints the environment</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
719 <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="printf">
725 <term><command>printf</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
728 like the C printf function</para>
729 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
730 <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
731 </indexterm>
732 </listitem>
733 </varlistentry>
734
735 <varlistentry id="ptx">
736 <term><command>ptx</command></term>
737 <listitem>
738 <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
739 with each keyword in its context</para>
740 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
741 <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
742 </indexterm>
743 </listitem>
744 </varlistentry>
745
746 <varlistentry id="pwd">
747 <term><command>pwd</command></term>
748 <listitem>
749 <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
751 <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="readlink">
757 <term><command>readlink</command></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
761 <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="rm">
767 <term><command>rm</command></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>Removes files or directories</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
771 <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="rmdir">
777 <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
781 <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="seq">
787 <term><command>seq</command></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
790 given increment</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
792 <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
798 <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
801 checksums</para>
802 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
803 <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
804 </indexterm>
805 </listitem>
806 </varlistentry>
807
808 <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
809 <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
810 <listitem>
811 <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
813 <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
819 <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
823 <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
829 <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
833 <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
839 <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
843 <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="shred">
849 <term><command>shred</command></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
852 making it difficult to recover the data</para>
853 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
854 <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
855 </indexterm>
856 </listitem>
857 </varlistentry>
858
859 <varlistentry id="shuf">
860 <term><command>shuf</command></term>
861 <listitem>
862 <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
863 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
864 <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
865 </indexterm>
866 </listitem>
867 </varlistentry>
868
869 <varlistentry id="sleep">
870 <term><command>sleep</command></term>
871 <listitem>
872 <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
873 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
874 <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
875 </indexterm>
876 </listitem>
877 </varlistentry>
878
879 <varlistentry id="sort">
880 <term><command>sort</command></term>
881 <listitem>
882 <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
883 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
884 <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
885 </indexterm>
886 </listitem>
887 </varlistentry>
888
889 <varlistentry id="split">
890 <term><command>split</command></term>
891 <listitem>
892 <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
893 lines</para>
894 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
895 <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
896 </indexterm>
897 </listitem>
898 </varlistentry>
899
900 <varlistentry id="stat">
901 <term><command>stat</command></term>
902 <listitem>
903 <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
904 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
905 <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
906 </indexterm>
907 </listitem>
908 </varlistentry>
909
910 <varlistentry id="stty">
911 <term><command>stty</command></term>
912 <listitem>
913 <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
914 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
915 <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
916 </indexterm>
917 </listitem>
918 </varlistentry>
919
920 <varlistentry id="sum">
921 <term><command>sum</command></term>
922 <listitem>
923 <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
925 <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="sync">
931 <term><command>sync</command></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
934 and updates the super block</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
936 <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="tac">
942 <term><command>tac</command></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
945 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
946 <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
947 </indexterm>
948 </listitem>
949 </varlistentry>
950
951 <varlistentry id="tail">
952 <term><command>tail</command></term>
953 <listitem>
954 <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
955 given file</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
957 <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="tee">
963 <term><command>tee</command></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
966 and to the given files</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
968 <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="test">
974 <term><command>test</command></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
977 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
978 <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
979 </indexterm>
980 </listitem>
981 </varlistentry>
982
983 <varlistentry id="touch">
984 <term><command>touch</command></term>
985 <listitem>
986 <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
987 times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
988 are created with zero length</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
990 <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 <varlistentry id="tr">
996 <term><command>tr</command></term>
997 <listitem>
998 <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
999 standard input</para>
1000 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1001 <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1002 </indexterm>
1003 </listitem>
1004 </varlistentry>
1005
1006 <varlistentry id="true">
1007 <term><command>true</command></term>
1008 <listitem>
1009 <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1010 indicating success</para>
1011 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1012 <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1013 </indexterm>
1014 </listitem>
1015 </varlistentry>
1016
1017 <varlistentry id="tsort">
1018 <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1019 <listitem>
1020 <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1021 according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1022 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1023 <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1024 </indexterm>
1025 </listitem>
1026 </varlistentry>
1027
1028 <varlistentry id="tty">
1029 <term><command>tty</command></term>
1030 <listitem>
1031 <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1032 input</para>
1033 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1034 <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1035 </indexterm>
1036 </listitem>
1037 </varlistentry>
1038
1039 <varlistentry id="uname">
1040 <term><command>uname</command></term>
1041 <listitem>
1042 <para>Reports system information</para>
1043 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1044 <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1045 </indexterm>
1046 </listitem>
1047 </varlistentry>
1048
1049 <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1050 <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1051 <listitem>
1052 <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1053 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1054 <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1055 </indexterm>
1056 </listitem>
1057 </varlistentry>
1058
1059 <varlistentry id="uniq">
1060 <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1061 <listitem>
1062 <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1063 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1064 <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1065 </indexterm>
1066 </listitem>
1067 </varlistentry>
1068
1069 <varlistentry id="unlink">
1070 <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1071 <listitem>
1072 <para>Removes the given file</para>
1073 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1074 <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1075 </indexterm>
1076 </listitem>
1077 </varlistentry>
1078
1079 <varlistentry id="users">
1080 <term><command>users</command></term>
1081 <listitem>
1082 <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1083 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1084 <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1085 </indexterm>
1086 </listitem>
1087 </varlistentry>
1088
1089 <varlistentry id="vdir">
1090 <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1091 <listitem>
1092 <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1093 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1094 <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1095 </indexterm>
1096 </listitem>
1097 </varlistentry>
1098
1099 <varlistentry id="wc">
1100 <term><command>wc</command></term>
1101 <listitem>
1102 <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1103 file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1104 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1105 <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1106 </indexterm>
1107 </listitem>
1108 </varlistentry>
1109
1110 <varlistentry id="who">
1111 <term><command>who</command></term>
1112 <listitem>
1113 <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1114 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1115 <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1116 </indexterm>
1117 </listitem>
1118 </varlistentry>
1119
1120 <varlistentry id="whoami">
1121 <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1122 <listitem>
1123 <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1124 user ID</para>
1125 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1126 <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1127 </indexterm>
1128 </listitem>
1129 </varlistentry>
1130
1131 <varlistentry id="yes">
1132 <term><command>yes</command></term>
1133 <listitem>
1134 <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1135 killed</para>
1136 <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1137 <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1138 </indexterm>
1139 </listitem>
1140 </varlistentry>
1141
1142 </variablelist>
1143
1144 </sect2>
1145
1146</sect1>
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