| 1 | <sect1 id="ch06-creatingdirs">
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| 2 | <title>Creating directories</title>
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| 3 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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| 4 |
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| 5 | <para>Let's now create some structure in our LFS file system. Let's create
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| 6 | a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a more or less
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| 7 | standard tree:</para>
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| 8 |
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| 9 | <para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /{bin,boot,dev/pts,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,proc} &&
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| 10 | mkdir -p /{root,sbin,tmp,usr/local,var,opt} &&
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| 11 | for dirname in /usr /usr/local
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| 12 | do
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| 13 | mkdir $dirname/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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| 14 | ln -s share/{man,doc,info} $dirname
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| 15 | mkdir $dirname/share/{dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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| 16 | mkdir $dirname/share/{nls,misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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| 17 | mkdir $dirname/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
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| 18 | done &&
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| 19 | mkdir /usr/lib/locale &&
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| 20 | mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} &&
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| 21 | mkdir -p /var/{tmp,opt,cache,lib/misc,local} &&
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| 22 | mkdir /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} &&
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| 23 | mkdir -p /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} &&
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| 24 | ln -s ../var/tmp /usr</userinput></screen></para>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this
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| 27 | isn't desirable for all directories. We will make two changes: one to the home
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| 28 | directory of root, and another to the directories for temporary files.</para>
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| 29 |
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| 30 | <para><screen><userinput>chmod 0750 /root &&
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| 31 | chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the
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| 34 | <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory -- the same
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| 35 | as a normal user would do with his or her home directory.
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| 36 | The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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| 37 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and
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| 38 | <filename class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but
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| 39 | cannot remove other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited
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| 40 | by the so-called "sticky bit" -- the highest bit in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <sect2>
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| 43 | <title>FHS compliance note</title>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para>We have based our directory tree on the FHS standard (available at
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| 46 | <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). Besides the above created
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| 47 | tree this standard stipulates the existence of
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| 48 | <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and
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| 49 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>, but we don't
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| 50 | much like these for a base system. However, feel free to make your system
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| 51 | FHS-compliant. As to the structure of the
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| 52 | <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory, the FHS
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| 53 | isn't precise, so we created here the directories that we think are needed.</para>
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| 54 |
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| 55 | </sect2>
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| 56 |
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| 57 | </sect1>
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| 58 |
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