1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>Creating Directories</title>
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12 |
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13 | <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
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14 | standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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15 |
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16 | <screen arch="default"><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
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17 | mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
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18 | install -dv -m 0750 /root
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19 | install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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20 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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21 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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22 | mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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23 | mkdir -v /usr/libexec
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24 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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25 | mkdir -v /usr/lib/pkgconfig
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26 |
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27 | case $(uname -m) in
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28 | x86_64) mkdir -v /lib64 ;;
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29 | esac
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30 |
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31 | mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
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32 | ln -sv /run /var/run
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33 | ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
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34 | mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
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35 | <screen arch="ml_32,ml_x32,ml_all"><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig,ld.so.conf.d},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
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36 | mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
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37 | install -dv -m 0750 /root
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38 | install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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39 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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40 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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41 | mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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42 | mkdir -v /usr/libexec
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43 | mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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44 | mkdir -v /usr/lib/pkgconfig
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45 | mkdir -v /lib64
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46 | mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
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47 | ln -sv /run /var/run
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48 | ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
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49 | mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput>
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50 | <userinput arch="ml_32,ml_all">mkdir -pv /usr/lib32
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51 | install -vdm755 /usr/lib32/pkgconfig</userinput>
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52 | <userinput arch="ml_x32,ml_all">mkdir -pv /usr/libx32
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53 | install -vdm755 /usr/libx32/pkgconfig</userinput></screen>
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54 |
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55 | <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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56 | this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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57 | changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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58 | class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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59 | temporary files.</para>
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60 |
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61 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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62 | the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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63 | same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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64 | second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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65 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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66 | class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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67 | another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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68 | <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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69 |
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70 | <sect2>
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71 | <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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72 |
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73 | <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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74 | (FHS) (available at <ulink
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75 | url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies
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76 | the optional existence of some directories such as <filename
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77 | class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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78 | class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
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79 | directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
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80 | directories. </para>
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81 |
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82 | </sect2>
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83 |
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84 | </sect1>
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