| 1 | <sect1 id="ch06-creatingdirs">
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| 2 | <title>Creating directories</title>
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| 3 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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| 4 |
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| 5 | <para>Let's now create the directory tree on the LFS partition based on
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| 6 | the FHS standard, which can be found at
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| 7 | <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>.
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| 8 | Issuing the following commands will create a default directory layout:</para>
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| 9 |
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| 10 | <para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /{bin,boot,dev/pts,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,proc} &&
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| 11 | mkdir -p /{root,sbin,tmp,usr/local,var,opt} &&
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| 12 | for dirname in /usr /usr/local
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| 13 | do
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| 14 | mkdir $dirname/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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| 15 | ln -s share/{man,doc,info} $dirname
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| 16 | mkdir $dirname/share/{dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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| 17 | mkdir $dirname/share/{nls,misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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| 18 | mkdir $dirname/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
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| 19 | done &&
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| 20 | mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} &&
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| 21 | mkdir -p /var/{tmp,opt,cache,lib/misc,local} &&
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| 22 | mkdir /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} &&
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| 23 | mkdir -p /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} &&
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| 24 | ln -s ../var/tmp /usr</userinput></screen></para>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>Normally, directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't
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| 27 | desired for all directories. The first change is a mode 0750 for the
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| 28 | /root directory. This is to make sure that not just everybody can
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| 29 | enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with his /home/username
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| 30 | directory). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp
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| 31 | directories. In this way any user can write to the /tmp and /var/tmp
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| 32 | directories, but cannot remove other users's files from them (the latter is prohibited
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| 33 | by the so-called "sticky bit" -- bit 1 in the 1777 bit mask).</para>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <para><screen><userinput>chmod 0750 /root &&
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| 36 | chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <para>Now that the directories are created, copy the source files that were
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| 39 | downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under /usr/src (you
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| 40 | will need to create the desired directory yourself).</para>
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| 41 |
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| 42 | <sect2>
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| 43 | <title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para>The FHS stipulates that the /usr/local directory should contain the
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| 46 | bin, games, include, lib, man, sbin, and share subdirectories. You can
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| 47 | alter your /usr/local directory yourself if you want your system to be
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| 48 | FHS-compliant.</para>
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| 49 |
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| 50 | <para>Also, the standard says that there should exist a /usr/share/games
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| 51 | directory, which we don't much like for a base system. But feel free to
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| 52 | make your system FHS-compliant if you wish. The FHS isn't precise as
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| 53 | to the structure of the /usr/local/share subdirectories, so we took the
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| 54 | liberty of creating the directories that we felt were needed.</para>
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| 55 |
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| 56 | </sect2>
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| 57 |
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| 58 | </sect1>
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| 59 |
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