1 | <sect1 id="ch06-creatingdirs">
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2 | <title>Creating directories</title>
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3 | <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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4 |
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5 | <para>Let's now create some structure in our LFS file system, let's create
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6 | a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a more or less
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7 | standard tree:</para>
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8 |
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9 | <para><screen><userinput>mkdir -p /{bin,boot,dev/pts,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,proc} &&
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10 | mkdir -p /{root,sbin,tmp,usr/local,var,opt} &&
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11 | for dirname in /usr /usr/local
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12 | do
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13 | mkdir $dirname/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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14 | ln -s share/{man,doc,info} $dirname
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15 | mkdir $dirname/share/{dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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16 | mkdir $dirname/share/{nls,misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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17 | mkdir $dirname/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
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18 | done &&
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19 | mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool} &&
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20 | mkdir -p /var/{tmp,opt,cache,lib/misc,local} &&
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21 | mkdir /opt/{bin,doc,include,info} &&
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22 | mkdir -p /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}} &&
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23 | ln -s ../var/tmp /usr</userinput></screen></para>
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24 |
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25 | <para>Directories are by default created with permission mode 755, but this
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26 | isn't desirable for all directories. We will make two changes: one to the home
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27 | directory of root, and another to the directories for temporary files.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <para><screen><userinput>chmod 0750 /root &&
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30 | chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>
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31 |
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32 | <para>The first mode change ensures that not just everybody can enter the
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33 | <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory -- the same
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34 | a normal user would do with his or her home directory.
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35 | The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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36 | <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and
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37 | <filename class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but
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38 | cannot remove other users's files from them. The latter is prohibited
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39 | by the so-called "sticky bit" -- the highest bit in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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40 |
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41 | <para>Now that the directories are created, move the source tarballs that
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42 | were downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under
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43 | <filename class="directory">/usr/src</filename> (you
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44 | will have to create the desired subdirectory yourself).</para>
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45 |
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46 | <sect2>
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47 | <title>FHS compliance note</title>
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48 |
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49 | <para>We have based our directory tree on the FHS standard (available at
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50 | <ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). Besides the above created
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51 | tree this standard stipulates the existence of
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52 | <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and
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53 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>, but we don't
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54 | much like these for a base system. However, feel free to make your system
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55 | FHS-compliant. As to the structure of the
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56 | <filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory the FHS
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57 | isn't precise, so we created here the directories that we think are needed.</para>
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58 |
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59 | </sect2>
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60 |
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61 | </sect1>
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62 |
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