1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
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12 |
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13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
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14 | <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
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15 | </indexterm>
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16 |
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17 | <sect2 role="package">
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18 | <title/>
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19 |
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20 | <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
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21 | the C and C++ compilers.</para>
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22 |
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23 | <segmentedlist>
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24 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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25 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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26 |
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27 | <seglistitem>
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28 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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29 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
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30 | </seglistitem>
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31 | </segmentedlist>
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32 |
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33 | </sect2>
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34 |
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35 | <sect2 role="installation">
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36 | <title>Installation of GCC</title>
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37 |
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38 | <para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
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39 | installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
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40 | version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
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41 | Binutils will be used instead:</para>
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42 |
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43 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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44 |
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45 | <para>The bootstrap build performed in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass1"/>
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46 | built GCC with the <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag.
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47 | Non-bootstrap builds omit this flag by default, so apply the following
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48 | <command>sed</command> to use it in order to ensure consistent compiler
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49 | builds.</para>
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50 |
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51 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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52 |
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53 | <para>The <command>fixincludes</command> script is known to occasionally
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54 | erroneously attempt to "fix" the system headers installed so far. As
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55 | the headers installed by GCC-&gcc-version; and Glibc-&glibc-version; are known
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56 | to not require fixing, issue the following command to prevent the
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57 | <command>fixincludes</command> script from running:</para>
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58 |
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59 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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60 |
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61 | <para>GCC provides a <command>gccbug</command> script which detects at
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62 | compile time whether mktemp is present, and hardcodes the result in a test.
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63 | This will cause the script to fall back to using less random names for
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64 | temporary files. We will be installing mktemp later, so the following sed
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65 | will simulate its presence.</para>
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66 |
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67 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in</userinput></screen>
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68 |
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69 | <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
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70 | directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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71 |
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72 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
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73 | cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
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74 |
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75 | <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
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76 |
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77 | <screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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78 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
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79 | --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
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80 | --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++</userinput></screen>
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81 |
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82 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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83 |
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84 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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85 |
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86 | <important>
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87 | <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
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88 | critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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89 | </important>
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90 |
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91 | <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
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92 |
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93 | <screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>
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94 |
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95 | <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
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96 |
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97 | <screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
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98 |
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99 | <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
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100 | <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
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101 |
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102 | <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
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103 | url="&test-results;"/>.</para>
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104 |
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105 | <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
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106 | are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
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107 | particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
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108 | are known be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
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109 | (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
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110 | Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
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111 | it is safe to continue.</para>
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112 |
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113 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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114 |
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115 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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116 |
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117 | <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
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118 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
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119 | To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
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120 |
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121 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
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122 |
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123 | <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
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124 | compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
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125 |
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126 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
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127 |
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128 | <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
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129 | that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
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130 | the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
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131 |
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132 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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133 | href="readjusting.xml"
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134 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
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135 |
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136 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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137 | href="readjusting.xml"
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138 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
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139 |
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140 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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141 | href="readjusting.xml"
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142 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
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143 |
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144 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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145 | href="readjusting.xml"
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146 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
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147 |
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148 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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149 | href="readjusting.xml"
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150 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
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151 |
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152 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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153 | href="readjusting.xml"
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154 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
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155 |
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156 | <screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
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157 | /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
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158 | /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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159 |
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160 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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161 | href="readjusting.xml"
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162 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
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163 |
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164 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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165 | href="readjusting.xml"
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166 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
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167 |
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168 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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169 | href="readjusting.xml"
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170 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
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171 |
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172 | <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
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173 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
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174 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
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175 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
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176 |
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177 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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178 | href="readjusting.xml"
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179 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
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180 |
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181 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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182 | href="readjusting.xml"
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183 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
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184 |
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185 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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186 | href="readjusting.xml"
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187 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
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188 |
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189 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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190 | href="readjusting.xml"
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191 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
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192 |
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193 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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194 | href="readjusting.xml"
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195 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
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196 |
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197 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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198 | href="readjusting.xml"
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199 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
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200 |
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201 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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202 | href="readjusting.xml"
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203 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
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204 |
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205 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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206 | href="readjusting.xml"
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207 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
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208 |
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209 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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210 | href="readjusting.xml"
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211 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
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212 |
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213 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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214 | href="readjusting.xml"
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215 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
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216 |
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217 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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218 | href="readjusting.xml"
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219 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
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220 |
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221 | </sect2>
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222 |
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223 | <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
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224 | <title>Contents of GCC</title>
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225 |
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226 | <segmentedlist>
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227 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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228 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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229 |
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230 | <seglistitem>
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231 | <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
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232 | <seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libstdc++.{a,so}, and
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233 | libsupc++.a</seg>
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234 | </seglistitem>
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235 | </segmentedlist>
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236 |
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237 | <variablelist>
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238 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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239 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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240 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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241 |
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242 | <varlistentry id="cc">
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243 | <term><command>cc</command></term>
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244 | <listitem>
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245 | <para>The C compiler</para>
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246 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
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247 | <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
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248 | </indexterm>
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249 | </listitem>
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250 | </varlistentry>
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251 |
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252 | <varlistentry id="cpp">
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253 | <term><command>cpp</command></term>
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254 | <listitem>
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255 | <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
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256 | #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
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257 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
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258 | <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
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259 | </indexterm>
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260 | </listitem>
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261 | </varlistentry>
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262 |
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263 | <varlistentry id="c">
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264 | <term><command>c++</command></term>
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265 | <listitem>
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266 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
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267 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
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268 | <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
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269 | </indexterm>
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270 | </listitem>
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271 | </varlistentry>
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272 |
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273 | <varlistentry id="g">
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274 | <term><command>g++</command></term>
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275 | <listitem>
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276 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
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277 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
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278 | <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
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279 | </indexterm>
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280 | </listitem>
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281 | </varlistentry>
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282 |
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283 | <varlistentry id="gcc">
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284 | <term><command>gcc</command></term>
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285 | <listitem>
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286 | <para>The C compiler</para>
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287 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
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288 | <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
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289 | </indexterm>
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290 | </listitem>
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291 | </varlistentry>
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292 |
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293 | <varlistentry id="gccbug">
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294 | <term><command>gccbug</command></term>
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295 | <listitem>
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296 | <para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
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297 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
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298 | <primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
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299 | </indexterm>
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300 | </listitem>
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301 | </varlistentry>
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302 |
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303 | <varlistentry id="gcov">
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304 | <term><command>gcov</command></term>
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305 | <listitem>
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306 | <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
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307 | determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
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308 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
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309 | <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
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310 | </indexterm>
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311 | </listitem>
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312 | </varlistentry>
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313 |
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314 | <varlistentry id="libgcc">
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315 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
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316 | <listitem>
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317 | <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
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318 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
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319 | <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
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320 | </indexterm>
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321 | </listitem>
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322 | </varlistentry>
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323 |
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324 | <varlistentry id="libstdc">
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325 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
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326 | <listitem>
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327 | <para>The standard C++ library</para>
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328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
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329 | <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
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330 | </indexterm>
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331 | </listitem>
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332 | </varlistentry>
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333 |
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334 | <varlistentry id="libsupc">
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335 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
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336 | <listitem>
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337 | <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
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338 | language</para>
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339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
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340 | <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
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341 | </indexterm>
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342 | </listitem>
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343 | </varlistentry>
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344 |
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345 | </variablelist>
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346 |
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347 | </sect2>
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348 |
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349 | </sect1>
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