source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 1263de2

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>If building on x86_64, change the default directory name for 64-bit
45 libraries to <quote>lib</quote>:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
48 x86_64)
49 sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
50 -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
51 ;;
52esac</userinput></screen>
53
54 <para>Remove the symlink created earlier as the final gcc includes will be
55 installed here:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -f /usr/lib/gcc</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
69 --disable-multilib \
70 --disable-bootstrap \
71 --disable-libmpx \
72 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
73
74 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
75 are not yet available. See the
76 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS Book</ulink>
77 for instructions on how to build all of GCC's supported languages.</para>
78
79 <variablelist>
80 <title>The meaning of the new configure parameters:</title>
81
82 <varlistentry>
83 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
84 <listitem>
85 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
86 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
87 </listitem>
88 </varlistentry>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--disable-libmpx</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This switch tells GCC to not build mpx (Memory Protection
94 Extensions) that can cause problems on some processors. It has
95 been removed from the next version of gcc.</para>
96 </listitem>
97 </varlistentry>
98
99 <varlistentry>
100 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
101 <listitem>
102 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
103 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
104 </listitem>
105 </varlistentry>
106 </variablelist>
107
108 <para>Compile the package:</para>
109
110<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
111
112 <important>
113 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
114 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
115 </important>
116
117 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
118 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
119
120<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
121
122 <para>Remove one test known to cause a problem:</para>
123
124<screen><userinput remap="test">rm ../gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/pr83239.C</userinput></screen>
125
126 <para>Test the results as a non-privileged user, but do not stop at errors:</para>
127
128<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .
129su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="test">../contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
134
135 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
136 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
137
138 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
139 url="&test-results;"/> and
140 <ulink url="https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
141
142 <para>Six tests related to get_time are known to fail. These are
143 apparantly related to the en_HK locale.</para>
144
145 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
146 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet.
147 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
148 it is safe to continue.</para>
149
150 <note><para>
151 On some combinations of kernel configuration and AMD processors
152 there may be more than 1100 failures in the gcc.target/i386/mpx
153 tests (which are designed to test the MPX option on recent
154 Intel processors). These can safely be ignored on AMD
155 processors. These tests will also fail on Intel processors if MPX support
156 is not enabled in the kernel even though it is present on the CPU.
157 </para></note>
158
159 <para>Install the package:</para>
160
161<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
162
163 <para>Create a symlink required by the <ulink
164 url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s09.html">FHS</ulink>
165 for "historical" reasons.</para>
166
167<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
168
169 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
170 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
171
172<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
173
174 <para>Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with
175 Link Time Optimization (LTO):</para>
176
177<screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
178ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
179 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput></screen>
180
181 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
182 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
183 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
184
185 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
186 href="adjusting.xml"
187 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
188
189 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
190 href="adjusting.xml"
191 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
192
193 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
194 href="adjusting.xml"
195 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
196
197 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
198 href="adjusting.xml"
199 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
200
201 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
202 href="adjusting.xml"
203 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
204
205 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
206 href="adjusting.xml"
207 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
208
209<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded
210/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded
211/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
212
213 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
214 the difference usually being the name of the directory
215 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. The important
216 thing to look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
217 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
218 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
219
220 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
221 href="adjusting.xml"
222 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
223
224<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
225
226 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
227 href="adjusting.xml"
228 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
229
230<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
231 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
232 /usr/local/include
233 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
234 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
235
236 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
237 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
238
239<!-- This appears to be obsolete
240
241 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
242 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
243 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
244 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
245-->
246
247 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
248 href="adjusting.xml"
249 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
250
251 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
252 href="adjusting.xml"
253 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
254
255 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
256 href="adjusting.xml"
257 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
258
259<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64")
260SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
261SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
262SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
263SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
264SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
265SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
266SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
267
268 <para>A 32-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
269 is the output from an i686 machine:</para>
270
271<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
272SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
273SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
274SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
275SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
276SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
277SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
278SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
279
280 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
281 href="adjusting.xml"
282 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
283
284 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
285 href="adjusting.xml"
286 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
287
288 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
289 href="adjusting.xml"
290 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
291
292 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
293 href="adjusting.xml"
294 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
295
296 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
297 href="adjusting.xml"
298 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
299
300 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
301 href="adjusting.xml"
302 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
303
304 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
305 href="adjusting.xml"
306 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
307
308 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
309 href="adjusting.xml"
310 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
311
312 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
313 href="adjusting.xml"
314 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
315
316 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
317 href="adjusting.xml"
318 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
319
320 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
321 href="adjusting.xml"
322 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
323
324 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
325
326<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
327mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
328
329 </sect2>
330
331 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
332 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
333
334 <segmentedlist>
335 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
336 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
337 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
338
339 <seglistitem>
340 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
341 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
342
343 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
344 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
345 liblto_plugin.so,
346 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
347 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a, and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
348
349 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc, and
350 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
351 </seglistitem>
352 </segmentedlist>
353
354 <variablelist>
355 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
356 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
357 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
358
359 <varlistentry id="c">
360 <term><command>c++</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
364 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="cc">
370 <term><command>cc</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>The C compiler</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
374 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="cpp">
380 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
383 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
385 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="g">
391 <term><command>g++</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
395 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="gcc">
401 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>The C compiler</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
405 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
411 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
414 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
415 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
416 default build options</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
418 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
424 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
427 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
428 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
429 default build options</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
431 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
437 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
440 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
441 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
442 default build options</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
444 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="gcov">
450 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
453 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
455 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="libasan">
461 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
465 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
471 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
475 <primary sortas="c-libgcc">libgcc</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
481 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
484 to enable profiling</para>
485 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
486 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
487 </indexterm>
488 </listitem>
489 </varlistentry>
490
491 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
492 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
493 <listitem>
494 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
495 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
497 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
503 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
506 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
507 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
508 <command>strtoul</command></para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
510 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
516 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
519 optimizations across compilation units</para>
520 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
521 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin">liblto_plugin</primary>
522 </indexterm>
523 </listitem>
524 </varlistentry>
525
526 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
527 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
528 <listitem>
529 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
531 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath">libquadmath</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="libssp">
537 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
540 functionality</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
542 <primary sortas="c-libssp">libssp</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
548 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
552 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
558 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
561 language</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
563 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
569 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
570 <listitem>
571 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
573 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 </variablelist>
579
580 </sect2>
581
582</sect1>
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