source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 4e8a532

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
45 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
46 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
47 consistent compiler builds:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
50 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
51esac</userinput></screen>
52<!--
53 <para>Workaround a bug so that GCC doesn't install
54 <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>, which is already
55 provided by Binutils:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
58-->
59 <para>Also fix an error in one of the check Makefiles and disable one test in
60 the g++ libmudflap test suite:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e /autogen/d -e /check.sh/d fixincludes/Makefile.in
63mv -v libmudflap/testsuite/libmudflap.c++/pass41-frag.cxx{,.disable}</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
66 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
69cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
74../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure \
75 --prefix=/usr \
76 --enable-shared \
77 --enable-threads=posix \
78 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
79 --enable-clocale=gnu \
80 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
81 --disable-multilib \
82 --disable-bootstrap \
83 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
84
85 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
86 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
87 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
88
89 <variablelist>
90 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
91
92 <varlistentry>
93 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
94 <listitem>
95 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
96 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
97 </listitem>
98 </varlistentry>
99
100 <varlistentry>
101 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
102 <listitem>
103 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
104 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
105 </listitem>
106 </varlistentry>
107 </variablelist>
108
109 <para>Compile the package:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
112
113 <important>
114 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
115 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
116 </important>
117
118 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
119 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
122
123 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
132 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
133
134 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
135 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
136
137 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
138 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
139 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
140 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
141 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
142 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
143 it is safe to continue.</para>
144
145 <para>Install the package:</para>
146
147<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
148
149 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
150 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
151 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
152
153<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
154
155 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
156 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
157
158<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
159
160 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
161 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
162 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
163
164 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
165 href="adjusting.xml"
166 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
167
168 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
169 href="adjusting.xml"
170 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
171
172 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
173 href="adjusting.xml"
174 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
175
176 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
177 href="adjusting.xml"
178 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
179
180 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
181 href="adjusting.xml"
182 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
183
184 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
185 href="adjusting.xml"
186 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
187
188<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
189/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
190/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
191
192 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
193 the difference usually being the name of the directory
194 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
195 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
196 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
197 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
198 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
199 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
200
201 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
202 href="adjusting.xml"
203 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
204
205<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
206
207 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
208 href="adjusting.xml"
209 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
210
211<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
212 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
213 /usr/local/include
214 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
215 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
216
217 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
218 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
219
220 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
221 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
222 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
223 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
224
225 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
226 href="adjusting.xml"
227 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
228
229 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
230 href="adjusting.xml"
231 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
232
233 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
234 href="adjusting.xml"
235 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
236
237<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
238SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
239SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
240SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
241
242 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few more directories. For example, here
243 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
244
245<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
246SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
247SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
248SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
249SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
250SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
251SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
252SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
253
254 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
255 href="adjusting.xml"
256 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
257
258 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
259 href="adjusting.xml"
260 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
261
262 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
263 href="adjusting.xml"
264 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
265
266 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
267 href="adjusting.xml"
268 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
269
270 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
271 href="adjusting.xml"
272 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
273
274 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
275 href="adjusting.xml"
276 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
277
278 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
279 href="adjusting.xml"
280 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
281
282 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
283 href="adjusting.xml"
284 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
285
286 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
287 href="adjusting.xml"
288 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
289
290 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
291 href="adjusting.xml"
292 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
293
294 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
295 href="adjusting.xml"
296 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
297
298 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
299
300<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
301mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
302
303 </sect2>
304
305 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
306 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
307
308 <segmentedlist>
309 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
310 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
311 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
312
313 <seglistitem>
314 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
315 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
316
317 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
318 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
319 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
320 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
321 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
322
323 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc,
324 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
325 </seglistitem>
326 </segmentedlist>
327
328 <variablelist>
329 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
330 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
331 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
332
333 <varlistentry id="c">
334 <term><command>c++</command></term>
335 <listitem>
336 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
337 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
338 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
339 </indexterm>
340 </listitem>
341 </varlistentry>
342
343 <varlistentry id="cc">
344 <term><command>cc</command></term>
345 <listitem>
346 <para>The C compiler</para>
347 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
348 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
349 </indexterm>
350 </listitem>
351 </varlistentry>
352
353 <varlistentry id="cpp">
354 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
357 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
358 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
359 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363
364 <varlistentry id="g">
365 <term><command>g++</command></term>
366 <listitem>
367 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
368 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
369 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
370 </indexterm>
371 </listitem>
372 </varlistentry>
373
374 <varlistentry id="gcc">
375 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>The C compiler</para>
378 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
379 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
380 </indexterm>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383
384 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
385 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
388 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
389 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
390 default build options.</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
392 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
398 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
401 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
402 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
403 default build options.</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
405 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
411 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
414 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
415 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
416 default build options.</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
418 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="gcov">
424 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
427 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
428 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
429 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
430 </indexterm>
431 </listitem>
432 </varlistentry>
433
434 <varlistentry id="libasan">
435 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
436 <listitem>
437 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
438 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
439 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
440 </indexterm>
441 </listitem>
442 </varlistentry>
443
444 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
445 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
446 <listitem>
447 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
449 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
455 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
458 to enable profiling</para>
459 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
460 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
461 </indexterm>
462 </listitem>
463 </varlistentry>
464
465 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
466 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
467 <listitem>
468 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
469 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
470 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
471 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
472 </indexterm>
473 </listitem>
474 </varlistentry>
475
476 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
477 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
478 <listitem>
479 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
480 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
481 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
482 <command>strtoul</command></para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
484 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
490 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
493 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
494 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
495 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
496 </indexterm>
497 </listitem>
498 </varlistentry>
499
500 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
501 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
502 <listitem>
503 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
504 functionality</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
506 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
512 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
516 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="libssp">
522 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
525 functionality</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
527 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
533 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
537 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
543 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
546 language</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
548 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
554 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
558 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 </variablelist>
564
565 </sect2>
566
567</sect1>
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