source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 6206f72

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Last change on this file since 6206f72 was 6206f72, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Add a patch to binutils to enable LTO with gcc-4.9.0.
Remove omit-frame-pointer in gcc-pass2 and Chapter 6 gcc.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10561 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>First fix a problem identified upstream that causes some
45 programs to fail:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
48<!--
49 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
50 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
51 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
52 consistent compiler builds:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
55 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
56esac</userinput></screen>
57-->
58 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
59 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
62cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-shared \
70 --enable-threads=posix \
71 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
72 --enable-clocale=gnu \
73 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
74 --disable-multilib \
75 --disable-bootstrap \
76 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
79 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
80 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
81
82 <variablelist>
83 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
84
85 <varlistentry>
86 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
87 <listitem>
88 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
89 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
90 </listitem>
91 </varlistentry>
92
93 <varlistentry>
94 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
95 <listitem>
96 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
97 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <important>
107 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
108 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
109 </important>
110
111 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
112 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
125 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
126
127 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
128 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
129
130 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
131 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
132 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
133 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
134 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
135 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
136 it is safe to continue.</para>
137
138 <para>Install the package:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
141
142 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
143 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
144 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
147
148 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
149 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
150
151<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
152
153 <para>Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with
154 Link Time Optimization (LTO):</para>
155
156<screen><userinput remap="install">install -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
157pushd /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
158ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so
159popd</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
162 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
163 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
164
165 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
166 href="adjusting.xml"
167 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
168
169 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
170 href="adjusting.xml"
171 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
172
173 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
174 href="adjusting.xml"
175 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
176
177 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
178 href="adjusting.xml"
179 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
180
181 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
182 href="adjusting.xml"
183 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
184
185 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
186 href="adjusting.xml"
187 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
188
189<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
190/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
191/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
192
193 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
194 the difference usually being the name of the directory
195 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
196 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
197 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
198 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
199 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
200 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
201
202 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
203 href="adjusting.xml"
204 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
205
206<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
207
208 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
209 href="adjusting.xml"
210 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
211
212<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
213 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
214 /usr/local/include
215 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
216 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
217
218 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
219 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
220
221 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
222 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
223 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
224 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
225
226 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
227 href="adjusting.xml"
228 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
229
230 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
231 href="adjusting.xml"
232 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
233
234 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
235 href="adjusting.xml"
236 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
237
238<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
239SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
240SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
241SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
242SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
243SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
244SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
245SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
246
247 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
248 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
249
250<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
251SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
252SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
253SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
254SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
255SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
256SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
257SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
258
259 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
260 href="adjusting.xml"
261 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
262
263 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
264 href="adjusting.xml"
265 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
266
267 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
268 href="adjusting.xml"
269 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
270
271 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
272 href="adjusting.xml"
273 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
274
275 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
276 href="adjusting.xml"
277 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
278
279 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
280 href="adjusting.xml"
281 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
282
283 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
284 href="adjusting.xml"
285 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
286
287 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
288 href="adjusting.xml"
289 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
290
291 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
292 href="adjusting.xml"
293 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
294
295 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
296 href="adjusting.xml"
297 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
298
299 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
300 href="adjusting.xml"
301 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
302
303 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
304
305<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
306mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
307
308 </sect2>
309
310 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
311 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
312
313 <segmentedlist>
314 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
315 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
316 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
317
318 <seglistitem>
319 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
320 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
321
322 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
323 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
324 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
325 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
326 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
327
328 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc,
329 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
330 </seglistitem>
331 </segmentedlist>
332
333 <variablelist>
334 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
335 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
336 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
337
338 <varlistentry id="c">
339 <term><command>c++</command></term>
340 <listitem>
341 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
342 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
343 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
344 </indexterm>
345 </listitem>
346 </varlistentry>
347
348 <varlistentry id="cc">
349 <term><command>cc</command></term>
350 <listitem>
351 <para>The C compiler</para>
352 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
353 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
354 </indexterm>
355 </listitem>
356 </varlistentry>
357
358 <varlistentry id="cpp">
359 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
360 <listitem>
361 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
362 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
363 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
364 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
365 </indexterm>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368
369 <varlistentry id="g">
370 <term><command>g++</command></term>
371 <listitem>
372 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
373 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
374 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
375 </indexterm>
376 </listitem>
377 </varlistentry>
378
379 <varlistentry id="gcc">
380 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
381 <listitem>
382 <para>The C compiler</para>
383 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
384 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
385 </indexterm>
386 </listitem>
387 </varlistentry>
388
389 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
390 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
391 <listitem>
392 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
393 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
394 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
395 default build options.</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
397 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
403 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
406 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
407 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
408 default build options.</para>
409 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
410 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
411 </indexterm>
412 </listitem>
413 </varlistentry>
414
415 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
416 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
417 <listitem>
418 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
419 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
420 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
421 default build options.</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
423 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="gcov">
429 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
432 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
433 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
434 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
435 </indexterm>
436 </listitem>
437 </varlistentry>
438
439 <varlistentry id="libasan">
440 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
441 <listitem>
442 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
444 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
450 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
454 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
460 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
463 to enable profiling</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
465 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
471 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
474 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
475 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
476 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
477 </indexterm>
478 </listitem>
479 </varlistentry>
480
481 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
482 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
483 <listitem>
484 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
485 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
486 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
487 <command>strtoul</command></para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
489 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
495 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
498 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
500 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
506 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
509 functionality</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
511 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
517 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
520 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
521 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
522 </indexterm>
523 </listitem>
524 </varlistentry>
525
526 <varlistentry id="libssp">
527 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
528 <listitem>
529 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
530 functionality</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
532 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
538 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
541 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
542 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
543 </indexterm>
544 </listitem>
545 </varlistentry>
546
547 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
548 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
549 <listitem>
550 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
551 language</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
553 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
559 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
560 <listitem>
561 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
562 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
563 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
564 </indexterm>
565 </listitem>
566 </varlistentry>
567
568 </variablelist>
569
570 </sect2>
571
572</sect1>
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