source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 6bd5f11

10.0 10.0-rc1 10.1 10.1-rc1 11.0 11.0-rc1 11.0-rc2 11.0-rc3 11.1 11.1-rc1 11.2 11.2-rc1 11.3 11.3-rc1 12.0 12.0-rc1 12.1 12.1-rc1 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 arm bdubbs/gcc13 ml-11.0 multilib renodr/libudev-from-systemd s6-init trunk xry111/arm64 xry111/arm64-12.0 xry111/clfs-ng xry111/lfs-next xry111/loongarch xry111/loongarch-12.0 xry111/loongarch-12.1 xry111/mips64el xry111/pip3 xry111/rust-wip-20221008 xry111/update-glibc
Last change on this file since 6bd5f11 was 6bd5f11, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 10 years ago

Removed references to /lib/udev/devices.
Update to linux-3.15.4.
Removed systemd references in bootscripts.
Simlify lto instructions in chapter 6 gcc.
Update XML-Parser source location.
Update to eudev-1.9.
Update to kbd-2.0.2.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10626 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 20.1 KB
Line 
1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>First fix a problem identified upstream that causes some
45 programs to fail:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&gcc-upstream-patch;</userinput></screen>
48<!--
49 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
50 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
51 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
52 consistent compiler builds:</para>
53
54<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
55 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
56esac</userinput></screen>
57-->
58 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
59 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
62cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure \
68 --prefix=/usr \
69 --enable-shared \
70 --enable-threads=posix \
71 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
72 --enable-clocale=gnu \
73 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
74 --disable-multilib \
75 --disable-bootstrap \
76 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
77
78 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
79 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
80 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
81
82 <variablelist>
83 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
84
85 <varlistentry>
86 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
87 <listitem>
88 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
89 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
90 </listitem>
91 </varlistentry>
92
93 <varlistentry>
94 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
95 <listitem>
96 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
97 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100 </variablelist>
101
102 <para>Compile the package:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
105
106 <important>
107 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
108 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
109 </important>
110
111 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
112 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
123
124 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
125 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
126
127 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
128 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
129
130 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
131 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
132 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
133 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
134 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
135 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
136 it is safe to continue.</para>
137
138 <para>Install the package:</para>
139
140<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
141
142 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
143 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
144 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
147
148 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
149 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
150
151<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
152
153 <para>Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with
154 Link Time Optimization (LTO):</para>
155
156<screen><userinput remap="install">install -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
157ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so</userinput></screen>
158
159 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
160 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
161 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
162
163 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
164 href="adjusting.xml"
165 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
166
167 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
168 href="adjusting.xml"
169 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
170
171 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
172 href="adjusting.xml"
173 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
174
175 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
176 href="adjusting.xml"
177 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
178
179 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
180 href="adjusting.xml"
181 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
182
183 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
184 href="adjusting.xml"
185 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
186
187<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
188/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
189/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
190
191 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
192 the difference usually being the name of the directory
193 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
194 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
195 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
196 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
197 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
198 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
199
200 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
201 href="adjusting.xml"
202 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
203
204<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
205
206 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
207 href="adjusting.xml"
208 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
209
210<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
211 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
212 /usr/local/include
213 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
214 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
215
216 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
217 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
218
219 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
220 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
221 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
222 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
223
224 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
225 href="adjusting.xml"
226 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
227
228 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
229 href="adjusting.xml"
230 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
231
232 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
233 href="adjusting.xml"
234 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
235
236<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
237SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
238SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
239SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
240SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
241SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
242SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
243SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
244
245 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
246 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
247
248<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
249SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
250SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
251SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
252SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
253SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
254SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
255SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
256
257 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
258 href="adjusting.xml"
259 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
260
261 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
262 href="adjusting.xml"
263 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
264
265 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
266 href="adjusting.xml"
267 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
268
269 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
270 href="adjusting.xml"
271 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
272
273 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
274 href="adjusting.xml"
275 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
276
277 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
278 href="adjusting.xml"
279 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
280
281 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
282 href="adjusting.xml"
283 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
284
285 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
286 href="adjusting.xml"
287 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
288
289 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
290 href="adjusting.xml"
291 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
292
293 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
294 href="adjusting.xml"
295 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
296
297 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
298 href="adjusting.xml"
299 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
300
301 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
302
303<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
304mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
305
306 </sect2>
307
308 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
309 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
310
311 <segmentedlist>
312 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
313 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
314 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
315
316 <seglistitem>
317 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
318 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
319
320 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
321 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
322 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
323 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
324 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
325
326 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc,
327 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
328 </seglistitem>
329 </segmentedlist>
330
331 <variablelist>
332 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
333 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
334 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
335
336 <varlistentry id="c">
337 <term><command>c++</command></term>
338 <listitem>
339 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
340 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
341 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
342 </indexterm>
343 </listitem>
344 </varlistentry>
345
346 <varlistentry id="cc">
347 <term><command>cc</command></term>
348 <listitem>
349 <para>The C compiler</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
351 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="cpp">
357 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
360 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
361 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
362 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
363 </indexterm>
364 </listitem>
365 </varlistentry>
366
367 <varlistentry id="g">
368 <term><command>g++</command></term>
369 <listitem>
370 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
372 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="gcc">
378 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>The C compiler</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
382 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
388 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
391 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
392 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
393 default build options.</para>
394 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
395 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
396 </indexterm>
397 </listitem>
398 </varlistentry>
399
400 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
401 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
402 <listitem>
403 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
404 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
405 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
406 default build options.</para>
407 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
408 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410 </listitem>
411 </varlistentry>
412
413 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
414 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
415 <listitem>
416 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
417 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
418 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
419 default build options.</para>
420 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
421 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
422 </indexterm>
423 </listitem>
424 </varlistentry>
425
426 <varlistentry id="gcov">
427 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
428 <listitem>
429 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
430 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
431 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
432 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
433 </indexterm>
434 </listitem>
435 </varlistentry>
436
437 <varlistentry id="libasan">
438 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
439 <listitem>
440 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
442 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
448 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
452 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
458 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
461 to enable profiling</para>
462 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
463 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
464 </indexterm>
465 </listitem>
466 </varlistentry>
467
468 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
469 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
470 <listitem>
471 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
472 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
473 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
474 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
475 </indexterm>
476 </listitem>
477 </varlistentry>
478
479 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
480 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
481 <listitem>
482 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
483 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
484 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
485 <command>strtoul</command></para>
486 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
487 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
488 </indexterm>
489 </listitem>
490 </varlistentry>
491
492 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
493 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
494 <listitem>
495 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
496 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
497 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
498 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
499 </indexterm>
500 </listitem>
501 </varlistentry>
502
503 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
504 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
505 <listitem>
506 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
507 functionality</para>
508 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
509 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
510 </indexterm>
511 </listitem>
512 </varlistentry>
513
514 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
515 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
516 <listitem>
517 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
518 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
519 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
520 </indexterm>
521 </listitem>
522 </varlistentry>
523
524 <varlistentry id="libssp">
525 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
526 <listitem>
527 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
528 functionality</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
530 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
536 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
539 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
540 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
541 </indexterm>
542 </listitem>
543 </varlistentry>
544
545 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
546 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
547 <listitem>
548 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
549 language</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
551 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
557 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
560 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
561 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
562 </indexterm>
563 </listitem>
564 </varlistentry>
565
566 </variablelist>
567
568 </sect2>
569
570</sect1>
Note: See TracBrowser for help on using the repository browser.