source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 76db8d6

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Last change on this file since 76db8d6 was 76db8d6, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 6 years ago

Add LANG to vim test instructions.
Ensure grep tests run to completion.
Run gcc tests in Chapter 6 as a non-privileged user.

Move shadow to before gcc so the gcc tests can
use su to run as a non-privileged user.

Add perl Configure options in Chapter 5 to ensure
no host system libraries are used.

Update minimum make version to 4.0 required by glibc-2.28.
Update bzip2 url to a new location.
Update to linux-4.17.14.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@11446 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>If building on x86_64, change the default directory name for 64-bit
45 libraries to <quote>lib</quote>:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
48 x86_64)
49 sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
50 -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
51 ;;
52esac</userinput></screen>
53
54 <para>Remove the symlink created earlier as the final gcc includes will be
55 installed here:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -f /usr/lib/gcc</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
69 --disable-multilib \
70 --disable-bootstrap \
71 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
74 are not yet available. See the
75 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS Book</ulink>
76 for instructions on how to build all of GCC's supported languages.</para>
77
78 <variablelist>
79 <title>The meaning of the new configure parameters:</title>
80
81 <varlistentry>
82 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
83 <listitem>
84 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
85 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
86 </listitem>
87 </varlistentry>
88
89 <varlistentry>
90 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
91 <listitem>
92 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
93 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
94 </listitem>
95 </varlistentry>
96 </variablelist>
97
98 <para>Compile the package:</para>
99
100<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
101
102 <important>
103 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
104 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
105 </important>
106
107 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
108 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
109
110<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>Remove one test known to cause a problem:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">rm ../gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/pr83239.C</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>Test the results as a non-privileged user, but do not stop at errors:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .
119su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput></screen>
120
121 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
122
123<screen><userinput remap="test">../contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
124
125 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
126 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
127
128 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
129 url="&test-results;"/> and
130 <ulink url="https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
131
132 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
133 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet.
134 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
135 it is safe to continue.</para>
136
137 <note><para>
138 On some combinations of kernel configuration and AMD processors
139 there may be more than 1100 failures in the gcc.target/i386/mpx
140 tests (which are designed to test the MPX option on recent
141 Intel processors). These can safely be ignored on AMD
142 processors. These tests will also fail on Intel processors if MPX support
143 is not enabled in the kernel even though it is present on the CPU.
144 </para></note>
145
146 <para>Install the package:</para>
147
148<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
149
150 <para>Create a symlink required by the <ulink
151 url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s09.html">FHS</ulink>
152 for "historical" reasons.</para>
153
154<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
155
156 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
157 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
158
159<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with
162 Link Time Optimization (LTO):</para>
163
164<screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
165ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
166 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput></screen>
167
168 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
169 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
170 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
171
172 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
173 href="adjusting.xml"
174 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
175
176 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
177 href="adjusting.xml"
178 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
179
180 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
181 href="adjusting.xml"
182 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
183
184 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
185 href="adjusting.xml"
186 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
187
188 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
189 href="adjusting.xml"
190 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
191
192 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
193 href="adjusting.xml"
194 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
195
196<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded
197/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded
198/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
199
200 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
201 the difference usually being the name of the directory
202 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. The important
203 thing to look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
204 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
205 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
206
207 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
208 href="adjusting.xml"
209 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
210
211<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
212
213 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
214 href="adjusting.xml"
215 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
216
217<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
218 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
219 /usr/local/include
220 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
221 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
222
223 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
224 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
225
226<!-- This appears to be obsolete
227
228 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
229 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
230 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
231 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
232-->
233
234 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
235 href="adjusting.xml"
236 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
237
238 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
239 href="adjusting.xml"
240 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
241
242 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
243 href="adjusting.xml"
244 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
245
246<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64")
247SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
248SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
249SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
250SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
251SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
252SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
253SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
254
255 <para>A 32-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
256 is the output from an i686 machine:</para>
257
258<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
259SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
260SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
261SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
262SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
263SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
264SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
265SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
266
267 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
268 href="adjusting.xml"
269 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
270
271 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
272 href="adjusting.xml"
273 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
274
275 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
276 href="adjusting.xml"
277 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
278
279 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
280 href="adjusting.xml"
281 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
282
283 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
284 href="adjusting.xml"
285 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
286
287 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
288 href="adjusting.xml"
289 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
290
291 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
292 href="adjusting.xml"
293 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
294
295 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
296 href="adjusting.xml"
297 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
298
299 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
300 href="adjusting.xml"
301 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
302
303 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
304 href="adjusting.xml"
305 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
306
307 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
308 href="adjusting.xml"
309 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
310
311 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
312
313<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
314mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
315
316 </sect2>
317
318 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
319 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
320
321 <segmentedlist>
322 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
323 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
324 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
325
326 <seglistitem>
327 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
328 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
329
330 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
331 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
332 liblto_plugin.so,
333 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
334 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a, and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
335
336 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc, and
337 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
338 </seglistitem>
339 </segmentedlist>
340
341 <variablelist>
342 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
343 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
344 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
345
346 <varlistentry id="c">
347 <term><command>c++</command></term>
348 <listitem>
349 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
350 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
351 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
352 </indexterm>
353 </listitem>
354 </varlistentry>
355
356 <varlistentry id="cc">
357 <term><command>cc</command></term>
358 <listitem>
359 <para>The C compiler</para>
360 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
361 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
362 </indexterm>
363 </listitem>
364 </varlistentry>
365
366 <varlistentry id="cpp">
367 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
368 <listitem>
369 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
370 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
371 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
372 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
373 </indexterm>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376
377 <varlistentry id="g">
378 <term><command>g++</command></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
381 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
382 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
383 </indexterm>
384 </listitem>
385 </varlistentry>
386
387 <varlistentry id="gcc">
388 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
389 <listitem>
390 <para>The C compiler</para>
391 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
392 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
393 </indexterm>
394 </listitem>
395 </varlistentry>
396
397 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
398 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
401 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
402 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
403 default build options</para>
404 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
405 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
406 </indexterm>
407 </listitem>
408 </varlistentry>
409
410 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
411 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
412 <listitem>
413 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
414 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
415 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
416 default build options</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
418 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
424 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
427 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
428 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
429 default build options</para>
430 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
431 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
432 </indexterm>
433 </listitem>
434 </varlistentry>
435
436 <varlistentry id="gcov">
437 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
438 <listitem>
439 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
440 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
441 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
442 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
443 </indexterm>
444 </listitem>
445 </varlistentry>
446
447 <varlistentry id="libasan">
448 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
449 <listitem>
450 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
451 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
452 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
453 </indexterm>
454 </listitem>
455 </varlistentry>
456
457 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
458 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
459 <listitem>
460 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
461 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
462 <primary sortas="c-libgcc">libgcc</primary>
463 </indexterm>
464 </listitem>
465 </varlistentry>
466
467 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
468 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
469 <listitem>
470 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
471 to enable profiling</para>
472 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
473 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
474 </indexterm>
475 </listitem>
476 </varlistentry>
477
478 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
479 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
480 <listitem>
481 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
482 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
483 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
484 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
485 </indexterm>
486 </listitem>
487 </varlistentry>
488
489 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
490 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
491 <listitem>
492 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
493 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
494 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
495 <command>strtoul</command></para>
496 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
497 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
498 </indexterm>
499 </listitem>
500 </varlistentry>
501
502 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
503 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
506 optimizations across compilation units</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
508 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin">liblto_plugin</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
514 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
518 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath">libquadmath</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="libssp">
524 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
527 functionality</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
529 <primary sortas="c-libssp">libssp</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
535 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
539 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
545 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
548 language</para>
549 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
550 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
551 </indexterm>
552 </listitem>
553 </varlistentry>
554
555 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
556 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
557 <listitem>
558 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
560 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 </variablelist>
566
567 </sect2>
568
569</sect1>
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