source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ 84505c6

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Last change on this file since 84505c6 was 404d641, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 12 years ago

Run fixincludes again, by removing the sed that disabled it. It no longer attempts to fix up host headers.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9850 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
45 installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
46 version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
47 Binutils will be used instead:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
52 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
53 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
54 consistent compiler builds:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
57 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
58esac</userinput></screen>
59
60 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
61 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
64cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
65
66 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
67
68<screen><userinput remap="configure">../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
69 --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
70 --enable-shared \
71 --enable-threads=posix \
72 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
73 --enable-clocale=gnu \
74 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
75 --disable-multilib \
76 --disable-bootstrap \
77 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
78
79 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
80 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
81 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
82
83 <variablelist>
84 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
85
86 <varlistentry>
87 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
88 <listitem>
89 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
90 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
91 </listitem>
92 </varlistentry>
93 </variablelist>
94
95 <para>Compile the package:</para>
96
97<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
98
99 <important>
100 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
101 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
102 </important>
103
104 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
105 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 16384</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
112
113 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
114
115<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
116
117 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
118 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
119
120 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
121 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
122
123 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
124 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
125 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
126 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
127 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
128 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
129 it is safe to continue.</para>
130
131 <para>Install the package:</para>
132
133<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
134
135 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
136 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
137 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
138
139<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
140
141 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
142 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
145
146 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
147 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
148 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
149
150 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
151 href="adjusting.xml"
152 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
153
154 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
155 href="adjusting.xml"
156 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
157
158 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
159 href="adjusting.xml"
160 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
161
162 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
163 href="adjusting.xml"
164 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
165
166 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
167 href="adjusting.xml"
168 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
169
170 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
171 href="adjusting.xml"
172 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
173
174<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
175/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
176/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
177
178 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
179 the difference usually being the name of the directory
180 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
181 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
182 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
183 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
184 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
185 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
186
187 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
188 href="adjusting.xml"
189 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
190
191<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
192
193 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
194 href="adjusting.xml"
195 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
196
197<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
198 /usr/local/include
199 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
200 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
201 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
202
203 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
204 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
205
206 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
207 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
208 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
209 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
210
211 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
212 href="adjusting.xml"
213 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
214
215 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
216 href="adjusting.xml"
217 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
218
219 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
220 href="adjusting.xml"
221 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
222
223<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
224SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
225SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
226SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
227
228 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few more directories. For example, here
229 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
230
231<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
232SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
233SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
234SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
235SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
236SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
237SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
238SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
239
240 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
241 href="adjusting.xml"
242 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
243
244 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
245 href="adjusting.xml"
246 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
247
248 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
249 href="adjusting.xml"
250 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
251
252 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
253 href="adjusting.xml"
254 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
255
256 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
257 href="adjusting.xml"
258 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
259
260 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
261 href="adjusting.xml"
262 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
263
264 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
265 href="adjusting.xml"
266 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
267
268 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
269 href="adjusting.xml"
270 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
271
272 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
273 href="adjusting.xml"
274 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
275
276 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
277 href="adjusting.xml"
278 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
279
280 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
281 href="adjusting.xml"
282 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
283
284 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
285
286<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
287mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
288
289 </sect2>
290
291 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
292 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
293
294 <segmentedlist>
295 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
296 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
297 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
298
299 <seglistitem>
300 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
301 <seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so},
302 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
303 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
304 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so} and libsupc++.a</seg>
305 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
306 </seglistitem>
307 </segmentedlist>
308
309 <variablelist>
310 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
311 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
312 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
313
314 <varlistentry id="c">
315 <term><command>c++</command></term>
316 <listitem>
317 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
318 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
319 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
320 </indexterm>
321 </listitem>
322 </varlistentry>
323
324 <varlistentry id="cc">
325 <term><command>cc</command></term>
326 <listitem>
327 <para>The C compiler</para>
328 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
329 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
330 </indexterm>
331 </listitem>
332 </varlistentry>
333
334 <varlistentry id="cpp">
335 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
336 <listitem>
337 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
338 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
339 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
340 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
341 </indexterm>
342 </listitem>
343 </varlistentry>
344
345 <varlistentry id="g">
346 <term><command>g++</command></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
349 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
350 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
351 </indexterm>
352 </listitem>
353 </varlistentry>
354
355 <varlistentry id="gcc">
356 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
357 <listitem>
358 <para>The C compiler</para>
359 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
360 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
361 </indexterm>
362 </listitem>
363 </varlistentry>
364
365 <varlistentry id="gccbug">
366 <term><command>gccbug</command></term>
367 <listitem>
368 <para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
369 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
370 <primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
371 </indexterm>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374
375 <varlistentry id="gcov">
376 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
377 <listitem>
378 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
379 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
380 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
381 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
382 </indexterm>
383 </listitem>
384 </varlistentry>
385
386 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
387 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
388 <listitem>
389 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
390 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
391 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
392 </indexterm>
393 </listitem>
394 </varlistentry>
395
396 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
397 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
398 <listitem>
399 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
400 to enable profiling</para>
401 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
402 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
403 </indexterm>
404 </listitem>
405 </varlistentry>
406
407 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
408 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
409 <listitem>
410 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
411 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
412 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
413 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
414 </indexterm>
415 </listitem>
416 </varlistentry>
417
418 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
419 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
420 <listitem>
421 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
422 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
424 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
430 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
433 functionality</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
435 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
441 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
445 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="libssp">
451 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
454 functionality</para>
455 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
456 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
457 </indexterm>
458 </listitem>
459 </varlistentry>
460
461 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
462 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
463 <listitem>
464 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
466 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
472 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
475 language</para>
476 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
477 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
478 </indexterm>
479 </listitem>
480 </varlistentry>
481
482 </variablelist>
483
484 </sect2>
485
486</sect1>
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