1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
---|
2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
---|
3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
---|
4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
|
---|
5 | %general-entities;
|
---|
6 | ]>
|
---|
7 |
|
---|
8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
|
---|
9 | <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
|
---|
10 |
|
---|
11 | <sect1info condition="script">
|
---|
12 | <productname>gcc</productname>
|
---|
13 | <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
|
---|
14 | <address>&gcc-url;</address>
|
---|
15 | </sect1info>
|
---|
16 |
|
---|
17 | <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
|
---|
18 |
|
---|
19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
|
---|
20 | <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
|
---|
21 | </indexterm>
|
---|
22 |
|
---|
23 | <sect2 role="package">
|
---|
24 | <title/>
|
---|
25 |
|
---|
26 | <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
|
---|
27 | the C and C++ compilers.</para>
|
---|
28 |
|
---|
29 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
|
---|
31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
|
---|
32 |
|
---|
33 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
34 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
|
---|
35 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
|
---|
36 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
37 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
38 |
|
---|
39 | </sect2>
|
---|
40 |
|
---|
41 | <sect2 role="installation">
|
---|
42 | <title>Installation of GCC</title>
|
---|
43 |
|
---|
44 | <para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
|
---|
45 | installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
|
---|
46 | version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
|
---|
47 | Binutils will be used instead:</para>
|
---|
48 |
|
---|
49 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
|
---|
50 |
|
---|
51 | <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
|
---|
52 | <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
|
---|
53 | <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
|
---|
54 | consistent compiler builds:</para>
|
---|
55 |
|
---|
56 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
|
---|
57 | i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' \
|
---|
58 | gcc/Makefile.in ;;
|
---|
59 | esac</userinput></screen>
|
---|
60 |
|
---|
61 | <para>The <command>fixincludes</command> script is known to occasionally
|
---|
62 | erroneously attempt to "fix" the system headers installed so far.
|
---|
63 | As the headers up to this point are known to not require fixing,
|
---|
64 | issue the following command to prevent the <command>fixincludes</command>
|
---|
65 | script from running:</para>
|
---|
66 |
|
---|
67 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
|
---|
68 |
|
---|
69 | <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
|
---|
70 | directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
|
---|
71 |
|
---|
72 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
|
---|
73 | cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
|
---|
74 |
|
---|
75 | <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
|
---|
76 |
|
---|
77 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
|
---|
78 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
|
---|
79 | --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
|
---|
80 | --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ \
|
---|
81 | --disable-multilib --disable-bootstrap</userinput></screen>
|
---|
82 |
|
---|
83 | <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
|
---|
84 | are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
|
---|
85 | build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
|
---|
86 |
|
---|
87 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
|
---|
88 |
|
---|
89 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
|
---|
90 |
|
---|
91 | <important>
|
---|
92 | <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
|
---|
93 | critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
|
---|
94 | </important>
|
---|
95 |
|
---|
96 | <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
|
---|
97 |
|
---|
98 | <screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
|
---|
99 |
|
---|
100 | <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
|
---|
101 |
|
---|
102 | <screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
|
---|
103 |
|
---|
104 | <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
|
---|
105 | <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
|
---|
106 |
|
---|
107 | <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
|
---|
108 | url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
|
---|
109 |
|
---|
110 | <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
|
---|
111 | are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
|
---|
112 | particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
|
---|
113 | are known be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
|
---|
114 | (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
|
---|
115 | Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
|
---|
116 | it is safe to continue.</para>
|
---|
117 |
|
---|
118 | <para>Install the package:</para>
|
---|
119 |
|
---|
120 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
|
---|
121 |
|
---|
122 | <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
|
---|
123 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
|
---|
124 | To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
|
---|
125 |
|
---|
126 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
|
---|
127 |
|
---|
128 | <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
|
---|
129 | compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
|
---|
130 |
|
---|
131 | <screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
|
---|
132 |
|
---|
133 | <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
|
---|
134 | that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
|
---|
135 | the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
|
---|
136 |
|
---|
137 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
138 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
139 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
|
---|
140 |
|
---|
141 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
142 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
143 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
|
---|
144 |
|
---|
145 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
146 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
147 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
|
---|
148 |
|
---|
149 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
150 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
151 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
|
---|
152 |
|
---|
153 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
154 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
155 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
|
---|
156 |
|
---|
157 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
158 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
159 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
|
---|
160 |
|
---|
161 | <screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
|
---|
162 | /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
|
---|
163 | /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
|
---|
164 |
|
---|
165 | <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
|
---|
166 | the difference usually being the name of the directory
|
---|
167 | after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
|
---|
168 | a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
|
---|
169 | towards the end of the string. The important thing to
|
---|
170 | look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
|
---|
171 | <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
|
---|
172 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
|
---|
173 |
|
---|
174 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
175 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
176 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
|
---|
177 |
|
---|
178 | <screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
|
---|
179 |
|
---|
180 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
181 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
182 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
|
---|
183 |
|
---|
184 | <screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
|
---|
185 | /usr/local/include
|
---|
186 | /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
|
---|
187 | /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
|
---|
188 | /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
|
---|
189 |
|
---|
190 | <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
|
---|
191 | different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
|
---|
192 |
|
---|
193 | <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
|
---|
194 | <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
|
---|
195 | <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
|
---|
196 | directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
|
---|
197 |
|
---|
198 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
199 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
200 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
|
---|
201 |
|
---|
202 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
203 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
204 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
|
---|
205 |
|
---|
206 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
207 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
208 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
|
---|
209 |
|
---|
210 | <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
|
---|
211 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
|
---|
212 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
|
---|
213 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
|
---|
214 |
|
---|
215 | <para>A 64-bit system may see a few more directories. For example, here
|
---|
216 | is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
|
---|
217 |
|
---|
218 | <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
|
---|
219 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
|
---|
220 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
|
---|
221 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
|
---|
222 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
|
---|
223 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
|
---|
224 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
|
---|
225 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
|
---|
226 |
|
---|
227 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
228 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
229 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
|
---|
230 |
|
---|
231 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
232 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
233 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
|
---|
234 |
|
---|
235 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
236 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
237 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
|
---|
238 |
|
---|
239 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
240 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
241 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
|
---|
242 |
|
---|
243 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
244 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
245 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
|
---|
246 |
|
---|
247 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
248 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
249 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
|
---|
250 |
|
---|
251 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
252 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
253 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
|
---|
254 |
|
---|
255 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
256 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
257 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
|
---|
258 |
|
---|
259 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
260 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
261 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
|
---|
262 |
|
---|
263 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
264 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
265 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
|
---|
266 |
|
---|
267 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
|
---|
268 | href="readjusting.xml"
|
---|
269 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
|
---|
270 |
|
---|
271 | </sect2>
|
---|
272 |
|
---|
273 | <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
|
---|
274 | <title>Contents of GCC</title>
|
---|
275 |
|
---|
276 | <segmentedlist>
|
---|
277 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
|
---|
278 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
|
---|
279 |
|
---|
280 | <seglistitem>
|
---|
281 | <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
|
---|
282 | <seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so},
|
---|
283 | libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
|
---|
284 | libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so} and libsupc++.a</seg>
|
---|
285 | </seglistitem>
|
---|
286 | </segmentedlist>
|
---|
287 |
|
---|
288 | <variablelist>
|
---|
289 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
---|
290 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
---|
291 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
---|
292 |
|
---|
293 | <varlistentry id="c">
|
---|
294 | <term><command>c++</command></term>
|
---|
295 | <listitem>
|
---|
296 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
|
---|
297 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
|
---|
298 | <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
|
---|
299 | </indexterm>
|
---|
300 | </listitem>
|
---|
301 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
302 |
|
---|
303 | <varlistentry id="cc">
|
---|
304 | <term><command>cc</command></term>
|
---|
305 | <listitem>
|
---|
306 | <para>The C compiler</para>
|
---|
307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
|
---|
308 | <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
|
---|
309 | </indexterm>
|
---|
310 | </listitem>
|
---|
311 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
312 |
|
---|
313 | <varlistentry id="cpp">
|
---|
314 | <term><command>cpp</command></term>
|
---|
315 | <listitem>
|
---|
316 | <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
|
---|
317 | #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
|
---|
318 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
|
---|
319 | <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
|
---|
320 | </indexterm>
|
---|
321 | </listitem>
|
---|
322 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
323 |
|
---|
324 | <varlistentry id="g">
|
---|
325 | <term><command>g++</command></term>
|
---|
326 | <listitem>
|
---|
327 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
|
---|
328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
|
---|
329 | <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
|
---|
330 | </indexterm>
|
---|
331 | </listitem>
|
---|
332 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
333 |
|
---|
334 | <varlistentry id="gcc">
|
---|
335 | <term><command>gcc</command></term>
|
---|
336 | <listitem>
|
---|
337 | <para>The C compiler</para>
|
---|
338 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
|
---|
339 | <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
|
---|
340 | </indexterm>
|
---|
341 | </listitem>
|
---|
342 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
343 |
|
---|
344 | <varlistentry id="gccbug">
|
---|
345 | <term><command>gccbug</command></term>
|
---|
346 | <listitem>
|
---|
347 | <para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
|
---|
348 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
|
---|
349 | <primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
|
---|
350 | </indexterm>
|
---|
351 | </listitem>
|
---|
352 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
353 |
|
---|
354 | <varlistentry id="gcov">
|
---|
355 | <term><command>gcov</command></term>
|
---|
356 | <listitem>
|
---|
357 | <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
|
---|
358 | determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
|
---|
359 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
|
---|
360 | <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
|
---|
361 | </indexterm>
|
---|
362 | </listitem>
|
---|
363 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
364 |
|
---|
365 | <varlistentry id="libgcc">
|
---|
366 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
|
---|
367 | <listitem>
|
---|
368 | <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
|
---|
369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
|
---|
370 | <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
|
---|
371 | </indexterm>
|
---|
372 | </listitem>
|
---|
373 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
374 |
|
---|
375 | <varlistentry id="libgcov">
|
---|
376 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
|
---|
377 | <listitem>
|
---|
378 | <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
|
---|
379 | to enable profiling</para>
|
---|
380 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
|
---|
381 | <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
|
---|
382 | </indexterm>
|
---|
383 | </listitem>
|
---|
384 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
385 |
|
---|
386 | <varlistentry id="libgomp">
|
---|
387 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
|
---|
388 | <listitem>
|
---|
389 | <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
|
---|
390 | shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
|
---|
391 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
|
---|
392 | <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
|
---|
393 | </indexterm>
|
---|
394 | </listitem>
|
---|
395 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
396 |
|
---|
397 | <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
|
---|
398 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
|
---|
399 | <listitem>
|
---|
400 | <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
|
---|
401 | functionality</para>
|
---|
402 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
|
---|
403 | <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
|
---|
404 | </indexterm>
|
---|
405 | </listitem>
|
---|
406 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
407 |
|
---|
408 | <varlistentry id="libssp">
|
---|
409 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
|
---|
410 | <listitem>
|
---|
411 | <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
|
---|
412 | functionality</para>
|
---|
413 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
|
---|
414 | <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
|
---|
415 | </indexterm>
|
---|
416 | </listitem>
|
---|
417 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
418 |
|
---|
419 | <varlistentry id="libstdc">
|
---|
420 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
|
---|
421 | <listitem>
|
---|
422 | <para>The standard C++ library</para>
|
---|
423 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
|
---|
424 | <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
|
---|
425 | </indexterm>
|
---|
426 | </listitem>
|
---|
427 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
428 |
|
---|
429 | <varlistentry id="libsupc">
|
---|
430 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
|
---|
431 | <listitem>
|
---|
432 | <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
|
---|
433 | language</para>
|
---|
434 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
|
---|
435 | <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
|
---|
436 | </indexterm>
|
---|
437 | </listitem>
|
---|
438 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
439 |
|
---|
440 | </variablelist>
|
---|
441 |
|
---|
442 | </sect2>
|
---|
443 |
|
---|
444 | </sect1>
|
---|