| 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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| 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
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| 9 | <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
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| 10 |
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| 11 | <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
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| 12 |
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| 13 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
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| 14 | <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
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| 15 | </indexterm>
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| 16 |
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| 17 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 18 | <title/>
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| 19 |
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| 20 | <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
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| 21 | the C and C++ compilers.</para>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <segmentedlist>
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| 24 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 25 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 26 |
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| 27 | <seglistitem>
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| 28 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 29 | <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
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| 30 | </seglistitem>
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| 31 | </segmentedlist>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | </sect2>
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| 34 |
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| 35 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 36 | <title>Installation of GCC</title>
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| 37 |
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| 38 | <para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
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| 39 | installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
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| 40 | version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
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| 41 | Binutils will be used instead:</para>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <para>The bootstrap build performed in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass1"/>
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| 46 | built GCC with the <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag.
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| 47 | Non-bootstrap builds omit this flag by default, so apply the following
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| 48 | <command>sed</command> to use it in order to ensure consistent compiler
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| 49 | builds:</para>
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| 50 |
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| 51 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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| 52 |
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| 53 | <para>The <command>fixincludes</command> script is known to occasionally
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| 54 | erroneously attempt to "fix" the system headers installed so far. As
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| 55 | the headers installed by GCC-&gcc-version; and Glibc-&glibc-version; are known
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| 56 | to not require fixing, issue the following command to prevent the
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| 57 | <command>fixincludes</command> script from running:</para>
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| 58 |
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| 59 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
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| 60 |
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| 61 | <para>GCC provides a <command>gccbug</command> script which detects at
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| 62 | compile time whether mktemp is present, and hardcodes the result in a test.
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| 63 | This will cause the script to fall back to using less random names for
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| 64 | temporary files. We will be installing mktemp later, so the following sed
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| 65 | will simulate its presence:</para>
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| 66 |
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| 67 | <screen><userinput>sed -i 's/@have_mktemp_command@/yes/' gcc/gccbug.in</userinput></screen>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
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| 70 | directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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| 71 |
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| 72 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -v ../gcc-build
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| 73 | cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
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| 74 |
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| 75 | <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
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| 76 |
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| 77 | <screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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| 78 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
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| 79 | --enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
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| 80 | --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ \
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| 81 | --disable-multilib</userinput></screen>
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| 82 |
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| 83 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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| 86 |
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| 87 | <important>
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| 88 | <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
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| 89 | critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
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| 90 | </important>
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| 91 |
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| 92 | <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
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| 93 |
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| 94 | <screen><userinput>make -k check</userinput></screen>
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| 95 |
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| 96 | <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
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| 97 |
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| 98 | <screen><userinput>../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
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| 99 |
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| 100 | <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
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| 101 | <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
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| 102 |
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| 103 | <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
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| 104 | url="&test-results;"/>.</para>
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| 105 |
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| 106 | <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
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| 107 | are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
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| 108 | particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
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| 109 | are known be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
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| 110 | (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
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| 111 | Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
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| 112 | it is safe to continue.</para>
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| 113 |
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| 114 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
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| 119 | <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
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| 120 | To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
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| 121 |
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| 122 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
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| 125 | compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <screen><userinput>ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
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| 130 | that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
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| 131 | the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
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| 132 |
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| 133 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 134 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 135 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
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| 136 |
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| 137 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 138 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 139 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
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| 140 |
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| 141 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 142 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 143 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 146 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 147 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
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| 148 |
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| 149 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 150 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 151 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
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| 152 |
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| 153 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 154 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 155 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
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| 156 |
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| 157 | <screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib64/crt1.o succeeded
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| 158 | /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib64/crti.o succeeded
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| 159 | /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib64/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
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| 160 |
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| 161 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 162 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 163 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
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| 164 |
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| 165 | <screen><userinput>grep -B3 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
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| 166 |
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| 167 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 168 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 169 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
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| 172 | /usr/local/include
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| 173 | /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
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| 174 | /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
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| 175 |
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| 176 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 177 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 178 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
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| 179 |
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| 180 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 181 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 182 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
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| 183 |
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| 184 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 185 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 186 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
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| 187 |
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| 188 | <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
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| 189 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
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| 190 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
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| 191 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
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| 192 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
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| 193 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
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| 194 | SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
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| 195 | SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 198 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 199 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
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| 200 |
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| 201 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 202 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 203 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
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| 204 |
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| 205 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 206 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 207 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
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| 208 |
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| 209 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 210 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 211 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
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| 212 |
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| 213 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 214 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 215 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
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| 216 |
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| 217 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 218 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 219 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
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| 220 |
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| 221 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 222 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 223 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
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| 224 |
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| 225 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 226 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 227 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
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| 228 |
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| 229 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 230 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 231 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
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| 232 |
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| 233 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 234 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 235 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
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| 236 |
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| 237 | <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2003/XInclude"
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| 238 | href="readjusting.xml"
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| 239 | xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
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| 240 |
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| 241 | </sect2>
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| 242 |
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| 243 | <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
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| 244 | <title>Contents of GCC</title>
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| 245 |
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| 246 | <segmentedlist>
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| 247 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 248 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 249 |
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| 250 | <seglistitem>
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| 251 | <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
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| 252 | <seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libmudflap.{a,so},
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| 253 | libssp.{a,so}libstdc++.{a,so}, and libsupc++.a</seg>
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| 254 | </seglistitem>
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| 255 | </segmentedlist>
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| 256 |
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| 257 | <variablelist>
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| 258 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 259 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 260 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 261 |
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| 262 | <varlistentry id="c">
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| 263 | <term><command>c++</command></term>
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| 264 | <listitem>
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| 265 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
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| 266 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
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| 267 | <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
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| 268 | </indexterm>
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| 269 | </listitem>
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| 270 | </varlistentry>
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| 271 |
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| 272 | <varlistentry id="cc">
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| 273 | <term><command>cc</command></term>
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| 274 | <listitem>
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| 275 | <para>The C compiler</para>
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| 276 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
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| 277 | <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
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| 278 | </indexterm>
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| 279 | </listitem>
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| 280 | </varlistentry>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <varlistentry id="cpp">
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| 283 | <term><command>cpp</command></term>
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| 284 | <listitem>
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| 285 | <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
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| 286 | #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
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| 287 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
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| 288 | <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
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| 289 | </indexterm>
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| 290 | </listitem>
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| 291 | </varlistentry>
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| 292 |
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| 293 | <varlistentry id="g">
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| 294 | <term><command>g++</command></term>
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| 295 | <listitem>
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| 296 | <para>The C++ compiler</para>
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| 297 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
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| 298 | <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
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| 299 | </indexterm>
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| 300 | </listitem>
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| 301 | </varlistentry>
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| 302 |
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| 303 | <varlistentry id="gcc">
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| 304 | <term><command>gcc</command></term>
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| 305 | <listitem>
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| 306 | <para>The C compiler</para>
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| 307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
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| 308 | <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
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| 309 | </indexterm>
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| 310 | </listitem>
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| 311 | </varlistentry>
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| 312 |
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| 313 | <varlistentry id="gccbug">
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| 314 | <term><command>gccbug</command></term>
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| 315 | <listitem>
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| 316 | <para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
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| 317 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
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| 318 | <primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
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| 319 | </indexterm>
|
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| 320 | </listitem>
|
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| 321 | </varlistentry>
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| 322 |
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| 323 | <varlistentry id="gcov">
|
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| 324 | <term><command>gcov</command></term>
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| 325 | <listitem>
|
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| 326 | <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
|
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| 327 | determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
|
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| 328 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
|
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| 329 | <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
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| 330 | </indexterm>
|
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| 331 | </listitem>
|
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| 332 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 333 |
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| 334 | <varlistentry id="libgcc">
|
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| 335 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
|
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| 336 | <listitem>
|
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| 337 | <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
|
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| 338 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
|
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| 339 | <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
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| 340 | </indexterm>
|
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| 341 | </listitem>
|
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| 342 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 343 |
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| 344 | <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
|
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| 345 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 346 | <listitem>
|
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| 347 | <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
|
|---|
| 348 | functionality</para>
|
|---|
| 349 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
|
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| 350 | <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
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| 351 | </indexterm>
|
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| 352 | </listitem>
|
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| 353 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 354 |
|
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| 355 | <varlistentry id="libssp">
|
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| 356 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 357 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 358 | <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
|
|---|
| 359 | functionality</para>
|
|---|
| 360 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
|
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| 361 | <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
|
|---|
| 362 | </indexterm>
|
|---|
| 363 | </listitem>
|
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| 364 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 365 |
|
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| 366 | <varlistentry id="libstdc">
|
|---|
| 367 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
|
|---|
| 368 | <listitem>
|
|---|
| 369 | <para>The standard C++ library</para>
|
|---|
| 370 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
|
|---|
| 371 | <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
|
|---|
| 372 | </indexterm>
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| 373 | </listitem>
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| 374 | </varlistentry>
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| 375 |
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| 376 | <varlistentry id="libsupc">
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| 377 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
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| 378 | <listitem>
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| 379 | <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
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| 380 | language</para>
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| 381 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
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| 382 | <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
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| 383 | </indexterm>
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| 384 | </listitem>
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| 385 | </varlistentry>
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| 386 |
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| 387 | </variablelist>
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| 388 |
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| 389 | </sect2>
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| 390 |
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| 391 | </sect1>
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