source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ e0901b3

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Last change on this file since e0901b3 was e0901b3, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 12 years ago

Add notes to the gcc and binutils sections in Chapter 6
about "link time optimization" and the extra files built by gcc.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@10024 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>Apply a <command>sed</command> substitution that will suppress the
45 installation of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename>. The
46 version of <filename class="libraryfile">libiberty.a</filename> provided by
47 Binutils will be used instead:</para>
48
49<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
50
51 <para>As in <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass2"/>, apply the following
52 <command>sed</command> to force the build to use the
53 <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> compiler flag in order to ensure
54 consistent compiler builds:</para>
55
56<screen><userinput remap="pre">case `uname -m` in
57 i?86) sed -i 's/^T_CFLAGS =$/&amp; -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in ;;
58esac</userinput></screen>
59
60 <para>Also fix an error in one of the check Makefiles:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e /autogen/d -e /check.sh/d fixincludes/Makefile.in</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC outside of the source
65 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../gcc-build
68cd ../gcc-build</userinput></screen>
69
70 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="configure">../gcc-&gcc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
73 --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
74 --enable-shared \
75 --enable-threads=posix \
76 --enable-__cxa_atexit \
77 --enable-clocale=gnu \
78 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
79 --disable-multilib \
80 --disable-bootstrap \
81 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
84 are not available. See the BLFS Book for instructions on how to
85 build all the GCC supported languages.</para>
86
87 <variablelist>
88 <title>The meaning of the new configure option:</title>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
94 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
95 </listitem>
96 </varlistentry>
97 </variablelist>
98
99 <note>
100 <para>There is an optional argument to <command>configure</command>,
101 <option>--enable-lto</option>, that can be used to allow
102 <command>gcc</command> to do do "link time optimization" if specified. No
103 packages in LFS or BLFS currently use this capability.</para>
104
105 <para>To use this feature, it must also be enabled in
106 <application>binutils</application>.</para>
107 </note>
108
109 <para>Compile the package:</para>
110
111<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
112
113 <important>
114 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
115 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
116 </important>
117
118 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
119 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
122
123 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
124
125<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
126
127 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="test">../gcc-&gcc-version;/contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
130
131 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
132 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
133
134 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
135 url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
136
137 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
138 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. In
139 particular, the <filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename> tests
140 are known to be particularly problematic as a result of a bug in GCC
141 (<ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=20003"/>).
142 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
143 it is safe to continue.</para>
144
145 <para>Install the package:</para>
146
147<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
148
149 <para>Some packages expect the C preprocessor to be installed in the
150 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> directory.
151 To support those packages, create this symlink:</para>
152
153<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
154
155 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
156 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
157
158<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
159
160 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
161 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
162 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
163
164 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
165 href="adjusting.xml"
166 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
167
168 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
169 href="adjusting.xml"
170 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
171
172 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
173 href="adjusting.xml"
174 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
175
176 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
177 href="adjusting.xml"
178 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
179
180 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
181 href="adjusting.xml"
182 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
183
184 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
185 href="adjusting.xml"
186 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
187
188<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crt1.o succeeded
189/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crti.o succeeded
190/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
191
192 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
193 the difference usually being the name of the directory
194 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. If your machine is
195 a 64-bit system, you may also see a directory named <filename class="directory">lib64</filename>
196 towards the end of the string. The important thing to
197 look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
198 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
199 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
200
201 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
202 href="adjusting.xml"
203 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
204
205<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
206
207 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
208 href="adjusting.xml"
209 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
210
211<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
212 /usr/local/include
213 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
214 /usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
215 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
216
217 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
218 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
219
220 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
221 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
222 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
223 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
224
225 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
226 href="adjusting.xml"
227 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
228
229 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
230 href="adjusting.xml"
231 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
232
233 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
234 href="adjusting.xml"
235 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
236
237<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
238SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
239SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
240SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
241
242 <para>A 64-bit system may see a few more directories. For example, here
243 is the output from an x86_64 machine:</para>
244
245<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
246SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
247SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
248SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
249SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
250SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
251SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
252SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
253
254 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
255 href="adjusting.xml"
256 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
257
258 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
259 href="adjusting.xml"
260 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
261
262 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
263 href="adjusting.xml"
264 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
265
266 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
267 href="adjusting.xml"
268 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
269
270 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
271 href="adjusting.xml"
272 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
273
274 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
275 href="adjusting.xml"
276 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
277
278 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
279 href="adjusting.xml"
280 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
281
282 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
283 href="adjusting.xml"
284 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
285
286 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
287 href="adjusting.xml"
288 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
289
290 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
291 href="adjusting.xml"
292 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
293
294 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
295 href="adjusting.xml"
296 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
297
298 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
299
300<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
301mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
302
303 </sect2>
304
305 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
306 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
307
308 <segmentedlist>
309 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
310 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
311 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
312
313 <seglistitem>
314 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
315 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, gccbug, and gcov</seg>
316
317 <seg>libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a, libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so},
318 liblto_plugin.so, libmudflap.{a,so}, libmudflapth.{a,so},
319 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
320 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so} and libsupc++.a</seg>
321
322 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
323 </seglistitem>
324 </segmentedlist>
325
326 <variablelist>
327 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
328 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
329 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
330
331 <varlistentry id="c">
332 <term><command>c++</command></term>
333 <listitem>
334 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
335 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
336 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
337 </indexterm>
338 </listitem>
339 </varlistentry>
340
341 <varlistentry id="cc">
342 <term><command>cc</command></term>
343 <listitem>
344 <para>The C compiler</para>
345 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
346 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
347 </indexterm>
348 </listitem>
349 </varlistentry>
350
351 <varlistentry id="cpp">
352 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
355 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
356 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
357 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
358 </indexterm>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361
362 <varlistentry id="g">
363 <term><command>g++</command></term>
364 <listitem>
365 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
366 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
367 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
368 </indexterm>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371
372 <varlistentry id="gcc">
373 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
374 <listitem>
375 <para>The C compiler</para>
376 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
377 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
378 </indexterm>
379 </listitem>
380 </varlistentry>
381
382 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
383 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
384 <listitem>
385 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
386 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
387 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
388 default build options.</para>
389 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
390 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
391 </indexterm>
392 </listitem>
393 </varlistentry>
394
395 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
396 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
397 <listitem>
398 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
399 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
400 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
401 default build options.</para>
402 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
403 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
409 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
410 <listitem>
411 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
412 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
413 to add "link time optization" and is not useful with the
414 default build options.</para>
415 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
416 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418 </listitem>
419 </varlistentry>
420
421 <varlistentry id="gccbug">
422 <term><command>gccbug</command></term>
423 <listitem>
424 <para>A shell script used to help create useful bug reports</para>
425 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gccbug">
426 <primary sortas="b-gccbug">gccbug</primary>
427 </indexterm>
428 </listitem>
429 </varlistentry>
430
431 <varlistentry id="gcov">
432 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
433 <listitem>
434 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
435 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
436 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
437 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
438 </indexterm>
439 </listitem>
440 </varlistentry>
441
442 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
443 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
444 <listitem>
445 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
446 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
447 <primary sortas="c-libgcc*">libgcc*</primary>
448 </indexterm>
449 </listitem>
450 </varlistentry>
451
452 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
453 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
454 <listitem>
455 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
456 to enable profiling</para>
457 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
458 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
459 </indexterm>
460 </listitem>
461 </varlistentry>
462
463 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
464 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
465 <listitem>
466 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
467 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
468 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
469 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
470 </indexterm>
471 </listitem>
472 </varlistentry>
473
474 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
475 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
476 <listitem>
477 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
478 optimizations across compilation units.</para>
479 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
480 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin*">liblto_plugin*</primary>
481 </indexterm>
482 </listitem>
483 </varlistentry>
484
485 <varlistentry id="libmudflap">
486 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmudflap</filename></term>
487 <listitem>
488 <para>Contains routines that support GCC's bounds checking
489 functionality</para>
490 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libmudflap">
491 <primary sortas="c-libmudflap*">libmudflap*</primary>
492 </indexterm>
493 </listitem>
494 </varlistentry>
495
496 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
497 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
498 <listitem>
499 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
501 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath*">libquadmath*</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="libssp">
507 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
510 functionality</para>
511 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
512 <primary sortas="c-libssp*">libssp*</primary>
513 </indexterm>
514 </listitem>
515 </varlistentry>
516
517 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
518 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
519 <listitem>
520 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
522 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
528 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
531 language</para>
532 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
533 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
534 </indexterm>
535 </listitem>
536 </varlistentry>
537
538 </variablelist>
539
540 </sect2>
541
542</sect1>
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