source: chapter06/gcc.xml@ e3e989a

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Last change on this file since e3e989a was e3e989a, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 7 years ago

Update comments about gcc and bison tests

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-gcc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="gcc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>gcc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&gcc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>GCC-&gcc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc">
20 <primary sortas="a-GCC">GCC</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes
27 the C and C++ compilers.</para>
28
29 <segmentedlist>
30 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
31 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
32
33 <seglistitem>
34 <seg>&gcc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
35 <seg>&gcc-ch6-du;</seg>
36 </seglistitem>
37 </segmentedlist>
38
39 </sect2>
40
41 <sect2 role="installation">
42 <title>Installation of GCC</title>
43
44 <para>If building on x86_64, change the default directory name for 64-bit
45 libraries to <quote>lib</quote>:</para>
46
47<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
48 x86_64)
49 sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \
50 -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64
51 ;;
52esac</userinput></screen>
53
54 <para>Remove the symlink created earlier as the final gcc includes will be
55 installed here:</para>
56
57<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -f /usr/lib/gcc</userinput></screen>
58
59 <para>The GCC documentation recommends building GCC in a dedicated build directory:</para>
60
61<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
62cd build</userinput></screen>
63
64 <para>Prepare GCC for compilation:</para>
65
66<screen><userinput remap="configure">SED=sed \
67../configure --prefix=/usr \
68 --enable-languages=c,c++ \
69 --disable-multilib \
70 --disable-bootstrap \
71 --with-system-zlib</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para>Note that for other languages, there are some prerequisites that
74 are not yet available. See the
75 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS Book</ulink>
76 for instructions on how to build all of GCC's supported languages.</para>
77
78 <variablelist>
79 <title>The meaning of the new configure parameters:</title>
80
81 <varlistentry>
82 <term><envar>SED=sed</envar></term>
83 <listitem>
84 <para>Setting this environment variable prevents a hard-coded
85 path to /tools/bin/sed.</para>
86 </listitem>
87 </varlistentry>
88
89 <varlistentry>
90 <term><parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter></term>
91 <listitem>
92 <para>This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of
93 the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.</para>
94 </listitem>
95 </varlistentry>
96 </variablelist>
97
98 <para>Compile the package:</para>
99
100<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
101
102 <important>
103 <para>In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered
104 critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
105 </important>
106
107 <para>One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the stack,
108 so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:</para>
109
110<screen><userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>Test the results, but do not stop at errors:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check</userinput></screen>
115
116 <para>To receive a summary of the test suite results, run:</para>
117
118<screen><userinput remap="test">../contrib/test_summary</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>For only the summaries, pipe the output through
121 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.</para>
122
123 <para>Results can be compared with those located at <ulink
124 url="&test-results;"/> and
125 <ulink url="http://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.</para>
126
127 <para>A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers
128 are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet.
129 In particular, five tests in the libstdc++ test suite are known to fail
130 when running as the root user as we do here.
131 Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL,
132 it is safe to continue.</para>
133
134 <note><para>
135 On some combinations of kernel configuration and AMD processors
136 there may be more than 1100 failures in the gcc.target/i386/mpx
137 tests (which are designed to test the MPX option on recent
138 Intel processors). These can safely be ignored on AMD
139 processors.
140 </para></note>
141
142 <para>Install the package:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
145
146 <para>Create a symlink required by the <ulink
147 url="http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s09.html">FHS</ulink>
148 for "historical" reasons.</para>
149
150<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput></screen>
151
152 <para>Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C
153 compiler. To satisfy those packages, create a symlink:</para>
154
155<screen><userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc</userinput></screen>
156
157 <para>Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with
158 Link Time Optimization (LTO):</para>
159
160<screen><userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
161ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
162 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput></screen>
163
164 <para>Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure
165 that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing
166 the same sanity checks as we did earlier in the chapter:</para>
167
168 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
169 href="adjusting.xml"
170 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='a'])"/>
171
172 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
173 href="adjusting.xml"
174 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='b'])"/>
175
176 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
177 href="adjusting.xml"
178 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='c'])"/>
179
180 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
181 href="adjusting.xml"
182 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='d'])"/>
183
184 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
185 href="adjusting.xml"
186 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='e'])"/>
187
188 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
189 href="adjusting.xml"
190 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='f'])"/>
191
192<screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded
193/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded
194/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
195
196 <para>Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly,
197 the difference usually being the name of the directory
198 after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. The important
199 thing to look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three
200 <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the
201 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.</para>
202
203 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
204 href="adjusting.xml"
205 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='g'])"/>
206
207<screen><userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
208
209 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
210 href="adjusting.xml"
211 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='h'])"/>
212
213<screen><computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
214 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
215 /usr/local/include
216 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
217 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
218
219 <para>Again, note that the directory named after your target triplet may be
220 different than the above, depending on your architecture.</para>
221
222 <note><para>As of version 4.3.0, GCC now unconditionally installs the
223 <filename>limits.h</filename> file into the private
224 <filename class="directory">include-fixed</filename> directory, and that
225 directory is required to be in place.</para></note>
226
227 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
228 href="adjusting.xml"
229 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='i'])"/>
230
231 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
232 href="adjusting.xml"
233 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='j'])"/>
234
235 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
236 href="adjusting.xml"
237 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='k'])"/>
238
239<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib64")
240SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
241SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
242SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
243SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
244SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
245SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
246SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
247
248 <para>A 32-bit system may see a few different directories. For example, here
249 is the output from an i686 machine:</para>
250
251<screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib32")
252SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib32")
253SEARCH_DIR("/lib32")
254SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib32")
255SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
256SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
257SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
258SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");</computeroutput></screen>
259
260 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
261 href="adjusting.xml"
262 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='l'])"/>
263
264 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
265 href="adjusting.xml"
266 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='m'])"/>
267
268 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
269 href="adjusting.xml"
270 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='n'])"/>
271
272 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
273 href="adjusting.xml"
274 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='o'])"/>
275
276 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
277 href="adjusting.xml"
278 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='p'])"/>
279
280 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
281 href="adjusting.xml"
282 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='q'])"/>
283
284 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
285 href="adjusting.xml"
286 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='r'])"/>
287
288 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
289 href="adjusting.xml"
290 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='s'])"/>
291
292 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
293 href="adjusting.xml"
294 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='t'])"/>
295
296 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
297 href="adjusting.xml"
298 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='u'])"/>
299
300 <xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
301 href="adjusting.xml"
302 xpointer="xpointer(//*[@os='v'])"/>
303
304 <para>Finally, move a misplaced file:</para>
305
306<screen><userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib
307mv -v /usr/lib/*gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
308
309 </sect2>
310
311 <sect2 id="contents-gcc" role="content">
312 <title>Contents of GCC</title>
313
314 <segmentedlist>
315 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
316 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
317 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
318
319 <seglistitem>
320 <seg>c++, cc (link to gcc), cpp, g++, gcc,
321 gcc-ar, gcc-nm, gcc-ranlib, and gcov</seg>
322
323 <seg>libasan.{a,so}, libatomic.{a,so}, libgcc.a, libgcc_eh.a,
324 libgcc_s.so, libgcov.a, libgomp.{a,so}, libiberty.a, libitm.{a,so},
325 liblto_plugin.so,
326 libquadmath.{a,so}, libssp.{a,so},
327 libssp_nonshared.a, libstdc++.{a,so}, libsupc++.a, and libtsan.{a,so}</seg>
328
329 <seg>/usr/include/c++, /usr/lib/gcc, /usr/libexec/gcc, and
330 /usr/share/gcc-&gcc-version;</seg>
331 </seglistitem>
332 </segmentedlist>
333
334 <variablelist>
335 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
336 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
337 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
338
339 <varlistentry id="c">
340 <term><command>c++</command></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
343 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc c">
344 <primary sortas="b-c++">c++</primary>
345 </indexterm>
346 </listitem>
347 </varlistentry>
348
349 <varlistentry id="cc">
350 <term><command>cc</command></term>
351 <listitem>
352 <para>The C compiler</para>
353 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cc">
354 <primary sortas="b-cc">cc</primary>
355 </indexterm>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358
359 <varlistentry id="cpp">
360 <term><command>cpp</command></term>
361 <listitem>
362 <para>The C preprocessor; it is used by the compiler to expand the
363 #include, #define, and similar statements in the source files</para>
364 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc cpp">
365 <primary sortas="b-cpp">cpp</primary>
366 </indexterm>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369
370 <varlistentry id="g">
371 <term><command>g++</command></term>
372 <listitem>
373 <para>The C++ compiler</para>
374 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc g">
375 <primary sortas="b-g++">g++</primary>
376 </indexterm>
377 </listitem>
378 </varlistentry>
379
380 <varlistentry id="gcc">
381 <term><command>gcc</command></term>
382 <listitem>
383 <para>The C compiler</para>
384 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc">
385 <primary sortas="b-gcc">gcc</primary>
386 </indexterm>
387 </listitem>
388 </varlistentry>
389
390 <varlistentry id="gcc-ar">
391 <term><command>gcc-ar</command></term>
392 <listitem>
393 <para>A wrapper around <command>ar</command> that adds a
394 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
395 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
396 default build options</para>
397 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ar">
398 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ar">gc-ar</primary>
399 </indexterm>
400 </listitem>
401 </varlistentry>
402
403 <varlistentry id="gcc-nm">
404 <term><command>gcc-nm</command></term>
405 <listitem>
406 <para>A wrapper around <command>nm</command> that adds a
407 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
408 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
409 default build options</para>
410 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-nm">
411 <primary sortas="b-gcc-nm">gc-nm</primary>
412 </indexterm>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 <varlistentry id="gcc-ranlib">
417 <term><command>gcc-ranlib</command></term>
418 <listitem>
419 <para>A wrapper around <command>ranlib</command> that adds a
420 plugin to the command line. This program is only used
421 to add "link time optimization" and is not useful with the
422 default build options</para>
423 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcc-ranlib">
424 <primary sortas="b-gcc-ranlib">gc-ranlib</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426 </listitem>
427 </varlistentry>
428
429 <varlistentry id="gcov">
430 <term><command>gcov</command></term>
431 <listitem>
432 <para>A coverage testing tool; it is used to analyze programs to
433 determine where optimizations will have the most effect</para>
434 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc gcov">
435 <primary sortas="b-gcov">gcov</primary>
436 </indexterm>
437 </listitem>
438 </varlistentry>
439
440 <varlistentry id="libasan">
441 <term><command>libasan</command></term>
442 <listitem>
443 <para>The Address Sanitizer runtime library</para>
444 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libasan">
445 <primary sortas="b-libasan">libasan</primary>
446 </indexterm>
447 </listitem>
448 </varlistentry>
449
450 <varlistentry id="libgcc">
451 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename></term>
452 <listitem>
453 <para>Contains run-time support for <command>gcc</command></para>
454 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcc">
455 <primary sortas="c-libgcc">libgcc</primary>
456 </indexterm>
457 </listitem>
458 </varlistentry>
459
460 <varlistentry id="libgcov">
461 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgcov</filename></term>
462 <listitem>
463 <para>This library is linked in to a program when GCC is instructed
464 to enable profiling</para>
465 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgcov">
466 <primary sortas="c-libgcov">libgcov</primary>
467 </indexterm>
468 </listitem>
469 </varlistentry>
470
471 <varlistentry id="libgomp">
472 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libgomp</filename></term>
473 <listitem>
474 <para>GNU implementation of the OpenMP API for multi-platform
475 shared-memory parallel programming in C/C++ and Fortran</para>
476 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libgomp">
477 <primary sortas="c-libgomp">libgomp</primary>
478 </indexterm>
479 </listitem>
480 </varlistentry>
481
482 <varlistentry id="libiberty">
483 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libiberty</filename></term>
484 <listitem>
485 <para>Contains routines used by various GNU programs, including
486 <command>getopt</command>, <command>obstack</command>,
487 <command>strerror</command>, <command>strtol</command>, and
488 <command>strtoul</command></para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libiberty">
490 <primary sortas="c-libiberty">libiberty</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="liblto_plugin">
496 <term><filename class="libraryfile">liblto_plugin</filename></term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>GCC's Link Time Optimization (LTO) plugin allows GCC to perform
499 optimizations across compilation units</para>
500 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc liblto_plugin">
501 <primary sortas="c-liblto_plugin">liblto_plugin</primary>
502 </indexterm>
503 </listitem>
504 </varlistentry>
505
506 <varlistentry id="libquadmath">
507 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libquadmath</filename></term>
508 <listitem>
509 <para>GCC Quad Precision Math Library API</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libquadmath">
511 <primary sortas="c-libquadmath">libquadmath</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="libssp">
517 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libssp</filename></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>Contains routines supporting GCC's stack-smashing protection
520 functionality</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libssp">
522 <primary sortas="c-libssp">libssp</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="libstdc">
528 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>The standard C++ library</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libstdc">
532 <primary sortas="c-libstdc++">libstdc++</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="libsupc">
538 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsupc++</filename></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>Provides supporting routines for the C++ programming
541 language</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libsupc">
543 <primary sortas="c-libsupc++">libsupc++</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="libtsan">
549 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libtsan</filename></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>The Thread Sanitizer runtime library</para>
552 <indexterm zone="ch-system-gcc libtsan">
553 <primary sortas="c-libtsan">libtsan</primary>
554 </indexterm>
555 </listitem>
556 </varlistentry>
557
558 </variablelist>
559
560 </sect2>
561
562</sect1>
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