1 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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2 |
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3 | <sect2>
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4 | <title>Glibc installation</title>
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5 |
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6 | <para>Before starting to install glibc, you must cd into the
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7 | glibc-&glibc-version; directory and unpack glibc-linuxthreads inside
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8 | the glibc-&glibc-version; directory, not in /usr/src as you normally
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9 | would do.</para>
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10 |
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11 | <para>This package is known to behave badly when you have changed its
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12 | default optimization flags (including the -march and -mcpu options). Glibc
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13 | is best left alone. Therefore, if you have defined any environment variables
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14 | that override default optimizations, such as CFLAGS and CXXFLAGS, we
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15 | recommend unsetting or modifying them when building Glibc. You have
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16 | been warned.</para>
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17 |
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18 | <para>Basically, compiling Glibc in any other way than the book suggests
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19 | is putting your system at very high risk.</para>
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20 |
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21 | <para>We'll start by applying a patch to Glibc that fixes the following:</para>
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22 |
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23 | <itemizedlist>
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24 | <listitem><para>It converts all occurrences of <emphasis>$(PERL)</emphasis>
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25 | to <emphasis>/usr/bin/perl</emphasis> in the
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26 | <filename>malloc/Makefile</filename> file. This is done because Glibc
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27 | can't autodetect the location of perl because the Perl package hasn't been
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28 | installed yet.</para></listitem>
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29 |
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30 | <listitem><para>It replaces all occurrences of <emphasis>root</emphasis>
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31 | with <emphasis>0</emphasis> in the <filename>login/Makefile</filename>
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32 | file. This is done because Glibc itself isn't installed yet and therefore
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33 | username to userid resolving isn't working yet, so a
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34 | <userinput>chown root file</userinput> will fail, however it'll work fine
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35 | if you use the numeric IDs (such as <userinput>chown 0
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36 | file</userinput>).</para></listitem>
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37 |
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38 | </itemizedlist>
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39 |
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40 | <para><screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-&glibc-rootperl-patch-version;-root-perl.patch</userinput></screen></para>
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41 |
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42 | <para>There is a potential problem that causes statically linked binaries
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43 | to crash that were linked against Glibc-2.2 libraries. Even though static
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44 | binaries have all the necessary parts of Glibc built-in, they still rely
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45 | on one external library: Glibc's NSS libraries. These libraries, among
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46 | other things, tell programs where the system's password database is
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47 | (/etc/password, or NIS, or whatever other scheme has been
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48 | configured).</para>
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49 |
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50 | <para>Glibc has undergone some changes since version
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51 | 2.2.x and the new NSS code is incompatible with the old one. So when Glibc
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52 | is installed, it will install its new NSS libraries and static programs
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53 | will load these new NSS libraries and start to abort with
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54 | <emphasis>segmentation faults</emphasis>. This patch undoes a few of the
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55 | changes to overcome the problem.</para>
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56 |
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57 | <para>So, if you started chapter 5 with a host system that uses Glibc-2.2.x
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58 | you must apply the following patch. We will install Glibc again at the end
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59 | of this chapter to remove this patch so you'll have a pristine Glibc as the
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60 | developers intended
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61 | it.</para>
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62 |
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63 | <para><screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-&glibc-libnss-patch-version;-libnss.patch</userinput></screen></para>
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64 |
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65 | <para>Glibc will check for the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file
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66 | and abort with an error if the file is missing, so we must create it.</para>
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67 |
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68 | <para><screen><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen></para>
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69 |
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70 | <para>It is recommended by the Glibc installation documentation to build
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71 | Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated directory.</para>
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72 |
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73 | <para><screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build &&
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74 | cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen></para>
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75 |
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76 | <para>Next, prepare Glibc to be compiled.</para>
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77 |
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78 | <para><screen><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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79 | --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
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80 | --libexecdir=/usr/bin</userinput></screen></para>
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81 |
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82 | <para>During this stage you will see the following warning:</para>
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83 |
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84 | <blockquote><screen>configure: warning:
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85 | *** These auxiliary programs are missing or too old: msgfmt
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86 | *** some features will be disabled.
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87 | *** Check the INSTALL file for required versions.</screen></blockquote>
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88 |
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89 | <para>The missing msgfmt (from the gettext package which we will install
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90 | later in this chapter) won't cause any problems. msgfmt is used to generate
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91 | the binary translation files that are used to make your system talk in a
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92 | different language. Because these translation files have already been
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93 | generated for you, there is no need for msgfmt. You'd only need msgfmt if
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94 | you change the translation source files (the <filename>*.po</filename>
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95 | files in the <filename class="directory">po</filename> subdirectory) which
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96 | would require you to re-generate the binary files.</para>
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97 |
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98 | <para>The meaning of the configure switches are:</para>
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99 |
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100 | <itemizedlist>
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101 | <listitem><para><userinput>--disable-profile:</userinput> This disables the
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102 | building of libraries with profiling information. This command may be
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103 | omitted if you plan to do profiling.</para></listitem>
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104 |
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105 | <listitem><para><userinput>--enable-add-ons:</userinput> This enables the
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106 | add-on that we install with Glibc, linuxthreads</para></listitem>
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107 |
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108 | <listitem><para><userinput>--libexecdir=/usr/bin:</userinput> This will
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109 | cause the pt_chown program to be installed in the /usr/bin
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110 | directory.</para></listitem>
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111 | </itemizedlist>
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112 |
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113 | <para>Because Glibc hasn't been installed yet, one of the tests that was
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114 | run by the configure script failed. This test is supposed to test gcc to
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115 | determine whether or not a cross-compiler is installed. However, Glibc
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116 | needs to be installed already to run this test. Since the test failed, the
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117 | configure script automatically assumed we do have a cross-compiler. So,
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118 | we have to override that assumption by explicitly telling Glibc we're not
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119 | cross-compiling.</para>
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120 |
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121 | <para><screen><userinput>echo "cross-compiling = no" > configparms</userinput></screen></para>
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122 |
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123 | <para>We'll continue with compiling and installing Glibc. The Linuxthreads man
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124 | pages are not going to be installed at this point because it requires a
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125 | working Perl installation. We'll install Perl later on in this chapter,
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126 | and the man pages will be installed when Glibc is installed for the second
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127 | time at the end of this chapter.</para>
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128 |
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129 | <para><screen><userinput>make &&
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130 | make install</userinput></screen></para>
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131 |
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132 | <para>Locales aren't installed when you ran
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133 | <userinput>make install</userinput>, so we have to do that ourselves now.
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134 | Locales are used by Glibc to make your Linux system talk in a different
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135 | language.</para>
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136 |
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137 | <para><screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen></para>
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138 |
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139 | <para>An alternative to running <userinput>make
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140 | localedata/install-locales</userinput> is to only install those locales
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141 | which you need or want. This can be achieved using the localedef
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142 | command. Information on this can be found in the INSTALL
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143 | file in the glibc-&glibc-version; tree.</para>
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144 |
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145 | <para>To finish off the installation we'll reload Bash so it uses the
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146 | libnss files. This will also get rid of the
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147 | <emphasis>I have no name!</emphasis> message in the command prompt.</para>
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148 |
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149 | <para><screen><userinput>exec /static/bin/bash --login</userinput></screen></para>
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150 |
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151 | </sect2>
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152 |
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