1 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" xreflabel="Glibc">
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2 | <title>Installing Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
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3 | <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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4 |
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5 | <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides all
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6 | the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
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7 | closing files, reading and writing them, string handling, pattern matching,
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8 | arithmetic, and so on.</para>
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9 |
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10 | <screen>&buildtime; &glibc-time;
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11 | &diskspace; &glibc-compsize;</screen>
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12 |
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13 | &aa-glibc-down;
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14 | &aa-glibc-dep;
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15 |
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16 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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17 |
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18 | <sect2>
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19 | <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
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20 |
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21 | <para>The Glibc build system is very well self-contained and will install
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22 | perfectly, even though our compiler specs file and linker are still pointing
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23 | at <filename>/tools</filename>. We cannot adjust the specs and linker before
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24 | the Glibc install, because the Glibc autoconf tests would then give bogus
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25 | results and thus defeat our goal of achieving a clean build.</para>
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26 |
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27 | <para>Before starting to build Glibc, remember to unset any environment
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28 | variables that override the default optimization flags.</para>
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29 |
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30 | <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
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31 | directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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32 |
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33 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build
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34 | cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
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35 |
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36 | <para>Now prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
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37 |
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38 | <screen><userinput>../&glibc-dir;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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39 | --disable-profile --enable-add-ons=linuxthreads \
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40 | --libexecdir=/usr/lib --with-headers=/usr/include \
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41 | --without-cvs</userinput></screen>
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42 |
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43 | <para>The meaning of the new configure options:</para>
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44 |
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45 | <itemizedlist>
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46 | <listitem><para><userinput>--libexecdir=/usr/lib</userinput>: This changes the
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47 | location of the <filename>pt_chown</filename> program from its default of
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48 | <filename class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to
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49 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>. The use of
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50 | <emphasis>libexec</emphasis> is considered not to be FHS-compliant because the
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51 | FHS doesn't even mention it.</para></listitem>
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52 |
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53 | <listitem><para><userinput>--with-headers=/usr/include</userinput>: This
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54 | ensures that the kernel headers in <filename>/usr/include</filename> are used
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55 | for this build. If you don't pass this switch then the headers from
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56 | <filename>/tools/include</filename> are used which of course is not ideal
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57 | (although they should be identical). Using this switch has the advantage
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58 | that you will be informed immediately should you have forgotten to install the
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59 | kernel headers into <filename>/usr/include</filename>.</para></listitem>
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60 | </itemizedlist>
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61 |
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62 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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63 |
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64 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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65 |
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66 | <important><para>The test suite for Glibc in this section is considered
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67 | <emphasis>critical</emphasis>. Our advice is to not skip it under any
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68 | circumstance.</para></important>
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69 |
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70 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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71 |
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72 | <screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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73 |
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74 | <para>The test suite notes from <xref linkend="ch-tools-glibc"/> are still very much
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75 | appropriate here. Be sure to refer back there should you have any doubts.</para>
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76 |
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77 | <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
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78 | complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>. Fix this
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79 | annoying little warning with:</para>
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80 |
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81 | <screen><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
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82 |
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83 | <para>And install the package:</para>
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84 |
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85 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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86 |
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87 | <para>The locales that can make your system respond in a different language
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88 | weren't installed by the above command. Do it with this:</para>
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89 |
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90 | <screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
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91 |
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92 | <para>An alternative to running the previous command is to install only those
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93 | locales which you need or want. This can be achieved by using the
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94 | <command>localedef</command> command. Information on this can be found in
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95 | the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the Glibc source. However, there are
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96 | a number of locales that are essential for the tests of future packages to
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97 | pass, in particular, the <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The
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98 | following instructions, instead of the install-locales target above, will
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99 | install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
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100 | successfully:</para>
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101 |
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102 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
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103 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
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104 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
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105 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
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106 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
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107 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
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108 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
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109 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
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110 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
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111 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
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112 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
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113 |
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114 | <para>Finally, build the linuxthreads man pages:</para>
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115 |
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116 | <screen><userinput>make -C ../&glibc-dir;/linuxthreads/man</userinput></screen>
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117 |
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118 | <para>And install these pages:</para>
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119 |
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120 | <screen><userinput>make -C ../&glibc-dir;/linuxthreads/man install</userinput></screen>
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121 |
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122 | </sect2>
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123 |
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124 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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125 |
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126 | <sect2><title>Configuring Glibc</title>
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127 |
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128 | <para>We need to create the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file,
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129 | because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
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130 | the Glibc defaults don't work well with networking. Also, our time zone needs
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131 | to be set up.</para>
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132 |
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133 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
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134 | following:</para>
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135 |
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136 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"</userinput>
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137 | # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
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138 |
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139 | passwd: files
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140 | group: files
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141 | shadow: files
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142 |
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143 | publickey: files
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144 |
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145 | hosts: files dns
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146 | networks: files
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147 |
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148 | protocols: db files
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149 | services: db files
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150 | ethers: db files
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151 | rpc: db files
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152 |
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153 | netgroup: db files
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154 |
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155 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf
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156 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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157 |
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158 | <para>To find out what time zone you're in, run the following script:</para>
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159 |
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160 | <screen><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
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161 |
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162 | <para>When you've answered a few questions about your location, the script will
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163 | output the name of your time zone, something like <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis>
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164 | or <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>. Then create the
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165 | <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
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166 |
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167 | <screen><userinput>cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
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168 |
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169 | <para>The meaning of the option:</para>
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170 |
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171 | <itemizedlist>
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172 | <listitem><para><userinput>--remove-destination</userinput>: This is needed to
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173 | force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason why we copy
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174 | instead of symlink is to cover the situation where <filename>/usr</filename> is
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175 | on a separate partition. This could matter, for example, when booted into single
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176 | user mode.</para></listitem>
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177 | </itemizedlist>
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178 |
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179 | <para>Of course, instead of <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>, fill in
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180 | the name of the time zone that the <command>tzselect</command> script
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181 | gave you.</para>
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182 |
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183 | </sect2>
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184 |
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185 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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186 |
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187 | <sect2>
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188 | <title>Configuring Dynamic Loader</title>
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189 |
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190 | <para>By default, the dynamic loader
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191 | (<filename>/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename
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192 | class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
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193 | class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are needed
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194 | by programs when you run them. However, if there are libraries in
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195 | directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
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196 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, you need to add them to
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197 | the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file for the dynamic
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198 | loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain
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199 | additional libraries are <filename
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200 | class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
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201 | class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so we add those directories to the
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202 | dynamic loader's search path.</para>
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203 |
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204 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
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205 | following:</para>
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206 |
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207 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"</userinput>
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208 | # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
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209 |
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210 | /usr/local/lib
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211 | /opt/lib
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212 |
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213 | # End /etc/ld.so.conf
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214 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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215 |
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216 | </sect2>
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217 |
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218 | &aa-glibc-shortdesc;
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219 | &aa-glibc-desc;
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220 |
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221 | </sect1>
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222 |
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