%general-entities; ]> Glibc The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still pointing at /tools. The specs and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the Glibc autoconf tests would then give false results and defeat the goal of achieving a clean build. Before starting to build Glibc, remember to unset any environment variables that override the default optimization flags. The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source directory in a dedicated build directory: mkdir ../glibc-build cd ../glibc-build Now prepare Glibc for compilation: ../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \ --disable-profile --enable-add-ons=nptl --with-tls \ --with-__thread --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --without-cvs \ --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc \ --with-headers=/tools/glibc-kernheaders The meaning of the new configure option: --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc This changes the location of the pt_chown program from its default of /usr/libexec to /usr/lib/glibc. Compile the package: make In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical. Do not skip it under any circumstance. Test the results: make check The Glibc test suite is highly dependent on certain functions of the host system, in particular the kernel. In general, the Glibc test suite is always expected to pass. However, in certain circumstances, some failures are unavoidable. This is a list of the most common issues: The math tests sometimes fail when running on systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or authentic AMD. Certain optimization settings are also known to be a factor here. The gettext test sometimes fails due to host system issues. The exact reasons are not yet clear. The atime test sometimes fails when the LFS partition is mounted with the noatime option. This sometimes occurs because of other file system quirks as well. The shm test can fail when the host system is using the devfs file system but does not have the tmpfs file system mounted at /dev/shm. This occurs because of a lack of support for tmpfs in the kernel. When running on older and slower hardware, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded. Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will complain about the absence of /etc/ld.so.conf. Prevent this warning with: touch /etc/ld.so.conf Install the package: make install The locales that can make the system respond in a different language were not installed by the above command. Install this with: make localedata/install-locales To save yourself a lot of time, an alternative to running the previous command (which generates and installs every locale Glibc is aware of) is to install only those locales that are wanted and needed. This can be achieved by using the localedef command. Information on this command is located in the INSTALL file in the Glibc source. However, there are a number of locales that are essential in order for the tests of future packages to pass, in particular, the libstdc++ tests from GCC. The following instructions, instead of the install-locales target used above, will install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run successfully: mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP Some locales installed by the make localedata/install-locales command above are not properly supported by some applications that are in the LFS and BLFS books. Because of the various problems that arise due to application programmers making assumptions that break in such locales, LFS should not be used in locales that utilize multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or right-to-left writing order. Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to fix these problems, and it has been decided not to support such complex locales. This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales as well -- they have been installed only for GCC and Gettext tests to pass and the watch program (part of the Procps package) does not work properly in them. Various attempts to circumvent these restrictions are documented in internationalization-related hints. Build the linuxthreads man pages, which are a great reference on the threading API (applicable to NPTL as well): make -C ../glibc-&glibc-version;/linuxthreads/man Install these pages: make -C ../glibc-&glibc-version;/linuxthreads/man install /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/localtime The /etc/nsswitch.conf file needs to be created because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt, the Glibc defaults do not work well with networking. The time zone also needs to be set up. Create a new file /etc/nsswitch.conf by running the following: cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf passwd: files group: files shadow: files hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: files services: files ethers: files rpc: files # End /etc/nsswitch.conf EOF To find out what time zone you're in, run the following script: tzselect After answering a few questions about the location, the script will output the name of the time zone (e.g., EST5EDT or Canada/Eastern). Then create the /etc/localtime file by running: cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/[xxx] /etc/localtime Replace [xxx] with the name of the time zone that the tzselect provided (e.g., Canada/Eastern). The meaning of the cp option: --remove-destination This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to cover the situation where /usr is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into single user mode. /etc/ld.so.conf By default, the dynamic loader (/lib/ld-linux.so.2) searches through /lib and /usr/lib for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than /lib and /usr/lib, these need to be added them to the /etc/ld.so.conf file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are /usr/local/lib and /opt/lib, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path. Create a new file /etc/ld.so.conf by running the following: cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib # End /etc/ld.so.conf EOF Installed programs Installed libraries catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, glibcbug, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so], libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a, libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so and libutil.[a,so] catchsegv catchsegv can be used to create a stack trace when a program terminates with a segmentation fault. gencat gencat generates message catalogues. getconf getconf displays the system configuration values for file system specific variables. getent getent gets entries from an administrative database. glibcbug glibcbug creates a bug report and mails it to the bug email address. iconv iconv performs character set conversion. iconvconfig iconvconfig creates fastloading iconv module configuration files. ldconfig ldconfig configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings. ldd ldd reports which shared libraries are required by each given program or shared library. lddlibc4 lddlibc4 assists ldd with object files. locale locale a Perl program that tells the compiler to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations. localedef localedef compiles locale specifications. mtrace mtrace a program that reads and interprets a memory trace file and ouputs a summary in human-readable format. nscd nscd a daemon that provides a cache for the most common name service requests. nscd_nischeck nscd_nischeck checks whether or not secure mode is necessary for NIS+ lookup. pcprofiledump pcprofiledump dumps information generated by PC profiling. pt_chown pt_chown is a helper program for grantpt to set the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal. rpcgen rpcgen generates C code to implement the Remote Procecure call (RPC) protocol. rpcinfo rpcinfo makes an RPC call to an RPC server. sln sln a statically linked ln program. sprof sprof reads and displays shared object profiling data. tzselect tzselect asks the user about the location of the system and reports the corresponding time zone description. xtrace xtrace traces the execution of a program by printing the currently executed function. zdump zdump the time zone dumper. zic zic the time zone compiler. ld.so ld.so the helper program for shared library executables. libBrokenLocale libBrokenLocale used by programs, such as Mozilla, to solve broken locales. libSegFault libSegFault the segmentation fault signal handler. libanl libanl an asynchronous name lookup library. libbsd-compat libbsd-compat provides the portability needed in order to run certain BSD programs under Linux. libc libc the main C library. libcrypt libcrypt the cryptography library. libdl libdl the dynamic linking interface library. libg libg a runtime library for g++. libieee libieee the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) floating point library. libm libm the mathematical library. libmcheck libmcheck contains code run at boot. libmemusage libmemusage used by memusage to help collect information about the memory usage of a program. libnsl libnsl the network services library. libnss* libnss* the Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services, protocols, etc. libpcprofile libpcprofile contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU time spent in which source code lines. libpthread libpthread is the POSIX threads library. libresolv libresolv contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers. librpcsvc librpcsvc contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services. librt librt contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension. libthread_db libthread_db contains functions useful for building debuggers for multi-threaded programs. libutil libutil contains code for standard functions used in many different Unix utilities.