source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ 9e326ab

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Last change on this file since 9e326ab was 9e326ab, checked in by Douglas R. Reno <renodr@…>, 7 years ago

Fix the build of gcc/glibc for i686 systems

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@11254 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 34.9 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note><para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
47 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
48 pointing to <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
49 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
50 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
51 of achieving a clean build.</para></note>
52
53 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use non-FHS compilant
54 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
55 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
56 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
57
58<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
59
60 <para>First create a compatibility symlink to avoid references to /tools in
61 our final glibc:</para>
62
63<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sfv /tools/lib/gcc /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
64
65 <para>Determine the GCC include directory and create a symlink for LSB
66 compliance. Additionally, for x86_64, create a compatibility symlink
67 required for the dynamic loader to function correctly:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
70 i?86) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
71 ln -s ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-lsb.so.3
72 ;;
73 x86_64) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
74 ln -s ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64
75 ln -s ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
76 ;;
77esac</userinput></screen>
78
79 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
80 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
81
82<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
83cd build</userinput></screen>
84
85 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
86
87<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include" \
88../configure --prefix=/usr \
89 --disable-werror \
90 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
91 --enable-obsolete-rpc \
92 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
93 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib
94unset GCC_INCDIR</userinput></screen>
95
96 <variablelist>
97 <title>The meaning of the options and new configure parameters:</title>
98
99 <varlistentry>
100 <term><parameter>CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include"</parameter></term>
101 <listitem>
102 <para>Setting the location of both gcc and system include directories
103 avoids introduction of invalid paths in debugging symbols.</para>
104 </listitem>
105 </varlistentry>
106
107 <varlistentry>
108 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
109 <listitem>
110 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
111 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
112 </listitem>
113 </varlistentry>
114
115 <varlistentry>
116 <term><parameter>--enable-obsolete-rpc</parameter></term>
117 <listitem>
118 <para>This option builds older RPC code for use with
119 network file system utilities (nfs).</para>
120 </listitem>
121 </varlistentry>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This option increases system security by adding a known canary
127 (a random integer) to the stack during a function preamble, and checks
128 it when the function returns. If it changed, there was a stack
129 overflow, and the program aborts.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 <varlistentry>
134 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter></term>
135 <listitem>
136 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
137 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
138 </listitem>
139 </varlistentry>
140
141 </variablelist>
142
143 <para>Compile the package:</para>
144
145<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
146
147 <important>
148 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
149 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
150 </important>
151
152 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore
153 any of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:</para>
154
155<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
156
157 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
158 somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most common
159 issues seen for some versions of LFS:</para>
160
161 <itemizedlist>
162
163 <listitem>
164 <para><emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4</emphasis> and
165 <emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo5</emphasis>
166 may fail on some architectures.</para>
167 </listitem>
168
169 <listitem>
170 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer1</emphasis> and
171 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis> tests have been known to
172 fail. The reason is not completely understood, but indications are
173 that minor timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
174 </listitem>
175
176 <listitem>
177 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
178 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
179 AMD processor.</para>
180 </listitem>
181
182 <listitem>
183 <para>The
184 <emphasis>nptl/tst-thread-affinity-{pthread,pthread2,sched}</emphasis>
185 tests may fail for reasons that have not been determined. </para>
186 </listitem>
187
188 <listitem>
189 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
190 malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4. </para>
191 </listitem>
192
193 </itemizedlist>
194
195 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
196 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
197 Prevent this warning with:</para>
198
199<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
200
201 <para>Install the package:</para>
202
203<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
204
205 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
206 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
207
208<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
209mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
210
211 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
212 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
213
214 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
215install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
218 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
219 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
220 testcases.</para>
221
222 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
223 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
224 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
225 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
226 charset-independent locale definition with the
227 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
228 charmap definition and appends the result to the
229 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
230 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
231 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
232
233<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
234localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
235localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
236localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
237localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
238localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
239localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
240localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
241localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
242localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
243localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
244localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
245localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
246localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
247localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
248localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
249localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
250localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
251localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
252localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
253localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
254localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
255
256 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
257 character set.</para>
258
259 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
260 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
261 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
262 following time-consuming command:</para>
263
264<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
265
266 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
267 install locales not listed in the
268 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
269 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
270
271 </sect2>
272
273 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
274 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
275
276 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
277 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
278 </indexterm>
279
280 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
281 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283
284 <sect3>
285 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
286
287 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
288 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
289 </para>
290
291 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
292 following:</para>
293
294<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
295<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
296
297passwd: files
298group: files
299shadow: files
300
301hosts: files dns
302networks: files
303
304protocols: files
305services: files
306ethers: files
307rpc: files
308
309# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
310EOF</userinput></screen>
311
312 </sect3>
313
314 <sect3>
315 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
316
317 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
318<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
319
320ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
321mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
322
323for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
324 asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
325 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
326 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
327 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
328done
329
330cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
331zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
332unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
333
334 <variablelist>
335 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
336
337 <varlistentry>
338 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>This creates posix time zones, without any leap seconds. It is
341 conventional to put these in both
342 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
343 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
344 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
345 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
346 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
347 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
348 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
349 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
350 failures.</para>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353 <varlistentry>
354 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
357 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
358 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
359 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
360 directory.</para>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363 <varlistentry>
364 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
367 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
368 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371 </variablelist>
372
373
374 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
375 script:</para>
376
377<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
378
379 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
380 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
381 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
382 time zones listed in <filename
383 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
384 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
385 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
386
387 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
388 running:</para>
389
390<screen revision="sysv"><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
391
392<screen revision="systemd"><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
393
394 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
395 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
396
397 </sect3>
398
399 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
400 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
401
402 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
403 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
404 </indexterm>
405
406 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
407 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
408 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
409 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
410 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
411 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
412 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
413 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
414 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
415 to contain additional libraries are <filename
416 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
417 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
418 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
419
420 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
421 following:</para>
422
423<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
424<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
425/usr/local/lib
426/opt/lib
427</literal>
428EOF</userinput></screen>
429
430 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
431 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
432 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
433 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
434
435<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
436<literal># Add an include directory
437include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
438</literal>
439EOF
440mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
441
442 </sect3>
443 </sect2>
444
445 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
446 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
447
448 <segmentedlist>
449 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
450 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
451 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
452
453 <seglistitem>
454 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
455 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
456 pldd, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
457 zdump, and zic</seg>
458 <seg>ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
459 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
460 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
461 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
462 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
463 libnss_nisplus.so, libpthread.{a,so},
464 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
465 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
466 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
467 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
468 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
469 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
470 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
471 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
472 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
473 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
474 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
475 </seglistitem>
476 </segmentedlist>
477
478 <variablelist>
479 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
480 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
481 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
482
483 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
484 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
485 <listitem>
486 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
487 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
488 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
489 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
490 </indexterm>
491 </listitem>
492 </varlistentry>
493
494 <varlistentry id="gencat">
495 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
498 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
499 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
500 </indexterm>
501 </listitem>
502 </varlistentry>
503
504 <varlistentry id="getconf">
505 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
508 specific variables</para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
510 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="getent">
516 <term><command>getent</command></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
520 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="iconv">
526 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
529 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
530 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
531 </indexterm>
532 </listitem>
533 </varlistentry>
534
535 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
536 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
537 <listitem>
538 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
539 files</para>
540 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
541 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
542 </indexterm>
543 </listitem>
544 </varlistentry>
545
546 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
547 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
548 <listitem>
549 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
551 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="ldd">
557 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
560 by each given program or shared library</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
562 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
568 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
572 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="locale">
578 <term><command>locale</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
581 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
582 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
583 </indexterm>
584 </listitem>
585 </varlistentry>
586
587 <varlistentry id="localedef">
588 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
589 <listitem>
590 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
591 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
592 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
593 </indexterm>
594 </listitem>
595 </varlistentry>
596
597 <varlistentry id="makedb">
598 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
599 <listitem>
600 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
601 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
602 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
603 </indexterm>
604 </listitem>
605 </varlistentry>
606
607 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
608 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
609 <listitem>
610 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
611 in human-readable format</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
613 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="nscd">
619 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
622 service requests</para>
623 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
624 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
625 </indexterm>
626 </listitem>
627 </varlistentry>
628
629 <varlistentry id="pldd">
630 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
631 <listitem>
632 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
634 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
640 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
643 protocol</para>
644 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
645 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
646 </indexterm>
647 </listitem>
648 </varlistentry>
649
650 <varlistentry id="sln">
651 <term><command>sln</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
655 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
661 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
665 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="sprof">
671 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
675 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
681 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
684 the corresponding time zone description</para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
686 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
692 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
695 executed function</para>
696 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
697 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
698 </indexterm>
699 </listitem>
700 </varlistentry>
701
702 <varlistentry id="zdump">
703 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
704 <listitem>
705 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
707 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="zic">
713 <term><command>zic</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
717 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
723 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-&glibc-version;.so</filename></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
727 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
733 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
736 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
737 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
738 for more information</para>
739 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
740 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
741 </indexterm>
742 </listitem>
743 </varlistentry>
744
745 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
746 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
747 <listitem>
748 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
749 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
750 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
751 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
752 </indexterm>
753 </listitem>
754 </varlistentry>
755
756 <varlistentry id="libanl">
757 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
758 <listitem>
759 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
761 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="libc">
767 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>The main C library</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
771 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
777 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
780 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
781 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
782 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
783 </indexterm>
784 </listitem>
785 </varlistentry>
786
787 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
788 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
789 <listitem>
790 <para>The cryptography library</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
792 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="libdl">
798 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
802 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="libg">
808 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
811 library for <command>g++</command></para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
813 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="libieee">
819 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
822 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
823 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
825 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="libm">
831 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>The mathematical library</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
835 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
841 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
845 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
851 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
854 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
856 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
862 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>The network services library</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
866 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="libnss">
872 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
875 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
876 protocols, etc.</para>
877 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
878 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
879 </indexterm>
880 </listitem>
881 </varlistentry>
882
883 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
884 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
885 <listitem>
886 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
888 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
894 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
897 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
899 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
905 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
906 <listitem>
907 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
909 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="librt">
915 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
918 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
919 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
920 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
921 </indexterm>
922 </listitem>
923 </varlistentry>
924
925 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
926 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
927 <listitem>
928 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
929 multi-threaded programs</para>
930 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
931 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
932 </indexterm>
933 </listitem>
934 </varlistentry>
935
936 <varlistentry id="libutil">
937 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
938 <listitem>
939 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
940 many different Unix utilities</para>
941 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
942 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
943 </indexterm>
944 </listitem>
945 </varlistentry>
946
947 </variablelist>
948
949 </sect2>
950
951</sect1>
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