source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ e7f2b5d

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Last change on this file since e7f2b5d was e7f2b5d, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 6 years ago

Update to expect-5.45.4.
Update to linux-4.15.1.
Update to man-db-2.8.0.
Reorder m4 in Chapter 6 to satisfy bison.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note><para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
47 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
48 pointing to <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
49 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
50 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
51 of achieving a clean build.</para></note>
52
53 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compilant
54 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
55 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
56 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
57
58<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
59<!--
60 <para>Fix a minor security issue with glob functions:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-glob-patch;</userinput></screen>
63-->
64 <para>First create a compatibility symlink to avoid references to /tools in
65 our final glibc:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sfv /tools/lib/gcc /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para>Determine the GCC include directory and create a symlink for LSB
70 compliance. Additionally, for x86_64, create a compatibility symlink
71 required for the dynamic loader to function correctly:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
74 i?86) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
75 ln -sfv ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-lsb.so.3
76 ;;
77 x86_64) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
78 ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64
79 ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
80 ;;
81esac</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Remove a file that may be left over from a previous build attempt:
84 </para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -f /usr/include/limits.h</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
89 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
92cd build</userinput></screen>
93
94 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include" \
97../configure --prefix=/usr \
98 --disable-werror \
99 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
100 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
101 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib
102unset GCC_INCDIR</userinput></screen>
103
104 <variablelist>
105 <title>The meaning of the options and new configure parameters:</title>
106
107 <varlistentry>
108 <term><parameter>CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include"</parameter></term>
109 <listitem>
110 <para>Setting the location of both gcc and system include directories
111 avoids introduction of invalid paths in debugging symbols.</para>
112 </listitem>
113 </varlistentry>
114
115 <varlistentry>
116 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
117 <listitem>
118 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
119 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
120 </listitem>
121 </varlistentry>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This option increases system security by adding
127 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
128 smashing attacks.</para>
129 </listitem>
130 </varlistentry>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
136 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
137 </listitem>
138 </varlistentry>
139
140 </variablelist>
141
142 <para>Compile the package:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
145
146 <important>
147 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
148 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
149 </important>
150
151 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
152 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
153
154<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
155
156 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
157 somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most common
158 issues seen for some versions of LFS:</para>
159
160 <itemizedlist>
161
162 <listitem>
163 <para><emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4</emphasis> and
164 <emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo5</emphasis>
165 may fail on some architectures.</para>
166 </listitem>
167
168 <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer1</emphasis> and
170 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis> tests have been known to
171 fail. The reason is not completely understood, but indications are
172 that minor timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
173 </listitem>
174
175 <listitem>
176 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
177 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
178 AMD processor.</para>
179 </listitem>
180
181 <listitem>
182 <para>The
183 <emphasis>nptl/tst-thread-affinity-{pthread,pthread2,sched}</emphasis>
184 tests may fail for reasons that have not been determined. </para>
185 </listitem>
186
187 <listitem>
188 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
189 malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4. </para>
190 </listitem>
191
192 </itemizedlist>
193
194 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
195 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
196 Prevent this warning with:</para>
197
198<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
199
200 <para>Fix the generated Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
201 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
202 </para>
203
204<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
205
206 <para>Install the package:</para>
207
208<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
209
210 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
211 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
212
213<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
214mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
215
216 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
217 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
218
219 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
220install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
221
222 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
223 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
224 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
225 testcases.</para>
226
227 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
228 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
229 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
230 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
231 charset-independent locale definition with the
232 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
233 charmap definition and appends the result to the
234 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
235 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
236 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
237
238<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
239localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
240localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
241localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
242localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
243localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
244localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
245localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
246localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
247localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
248localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
249localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
250localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
251localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
252localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
253localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
254localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
255localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
256localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
257localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
258localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
259localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
260
261 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
262 character set.</para>
263
264 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
265 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
266 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
267 following time-consuming command:</para>
268
269<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
270
271 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
272 install locales not listed in the
273 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
274 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
275
276 </sect2>
277
278 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
279 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
280
281 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
282 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
283 </indexterm>
284
285 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
286 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288
289 <sect3>
290 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
291
292 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
293 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
294 </para>
295
296 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
297 following:</para>
298
299<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
300<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
301
302passwd: files
303group: files
304shadow: files
305
306hosts: files dns
307networks: files
308
309protocols: files
310services: files
311ethers: files
312rpc: files
313
314# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
315EOF</userinput></screen>
316
317 </sect3>
318
319 <sect3>
320 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
321
322 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
323<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
324
325ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
326mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
327
328for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
329 asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
330 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
331 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
332 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
333done
334
335cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
336zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
337unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
338
339 <variablelist>
340 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
341
342 <varlistentry>
343 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
344 <listitem>
345 <para>This creates posix time zones, without any leap seconds. It is
346 conventional to put these in both
347 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
348 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
349 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
350 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
351 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
352 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
353 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
354 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
355 failures.</para>
356 </listitem>
357 </varlistentry>
358 <varlistentry>
359 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
360 <listitem>
361 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
362 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
363 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
364 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
365 directory.</para>
366 </listitem>
367 </varlistentry>
368 <varlistentry>
369 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
370 <listitem>
371 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
372 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
373 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
374 </listitem>
375 </varlistentry>
376 </variablelist>
377
378
379 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
380 script:</para>
381
382<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
383
384 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
385 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
386 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
387 time zones listed in <filename
388 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
389 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
390 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
391
392 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
393 running:</para>
394
395<screen revision="sysv"><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
396
397<screen revision="systemd"><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
398
399 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
400 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
401
402 </sect3>
403
404 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
405 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
406
407 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
408 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
409 </indexterm>
410
411 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
412 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
413 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
414 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
415 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
416 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
417 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
418 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
419 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
420 to contain additional libraries are <filename
421 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
422 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
423 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
424
425 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
426 following:</para>
427
428<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
429<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
430/usr/local/lib
431/opt/lib
432</literal>
433EOF</userinput></screen>
434
435 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
436 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
437 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
438 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
439
440<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
441<literal># Add an include directory
442include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
443</literal>
444EOF
445mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
446
447 </sect3>
448 </sect2>
449
450 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
451 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
452
453 <segmentedlist>
454 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
455 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
456 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
457
458 <seglistitem>
459 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
460 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
461 pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
462 zdump, and zic</seg>
463 <seg>ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
464 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
465 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
466 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
467 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
468 libnss_nisplus.so, libpthread.{a,so},
469 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
470 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
471 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
472 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
473 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
474 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
475 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
476 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
477 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
478 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
479 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
480 </seglistitem>
481 </segmentedlist>
482
483 <variablelist>
484 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
485 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
486 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
487
488 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
489 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
490 <listitem>
491 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
492 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
493 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
494 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
495 </indexterm>
496 </listitem>
497 </varlistentry>
498
499 <varlistentry id="gencat">
500 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
501 <listitem>
502 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
503 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
504 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
505 </indexterm>
506 </listitem>
507 </varlistentry>
508
509 <varlistentry id="getconf">
510 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
511 <listitem>
512 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
513 specific variables</para>
514 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
515 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
516 </indexterm>
517 </listitem>
518 </varlistentry>
519
520 <varlistentry id="getent">
521 <term><command>getent</command></term>
522 <listitem>
523 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
524 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
525 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
526 </indexterm>
527 </listitem>
528 </varlistentry>
529
530 <varlistentry id="iconv">
531 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
532 <listitem>
533 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
535 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
541 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
544 files</para>
545 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
546 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
547 </indexterm>
548 </listitem>
549 </varlistentry>
550
551 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
552 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
553 <listitem>
554 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
555 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
556 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
557 </indexterm>
558 </listitem>
559 </varlistentry>
560
561 <varlistentry id="ldd">
562 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
563 <listitem>
564 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
565 by each given program or shared library</para>
566 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
567 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
568 </indexterm>
569 </listitem>
570 </varlistentry>
571
572 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
573 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
574 <listitem>
575 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
576 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
577 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
578 </indexterm>
579 </listitem>
580 </varlistentry>
581
582 <varlistentry id="locale">
583 <term><command>locale</command></term>
584 <listitem>
585 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
587 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="localedef">
593 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
597 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="makedb">
603 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
607 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
613 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
616 in human-readable format</para>
617 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
618 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
619 </indexterm>
620 </listitem>
621 </varlistentry>
622
623 <varlistentry id="nscd">
624 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
625 <listitem>
626 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
627 service requests</para>
628 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
629 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
630 </indexterm>
631 </listitem>
632 </varlistentry>
633
634 <varlistentry id="pldd">
635 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
636 <listitem>
637 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
639 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="sln">
645 <term><command>sln</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
649 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
655 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
658 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
659 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
660 </indexterm>
661 </listitem>
662 </varlistentry>
663
664 <varlistentry id="sprof">
665 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
666 <listitem>
667 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
668 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
669 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
670 </indexterm>
671 </listitem>
672 </varlistentry>
673
674 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
675 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
676 <listitem>
677 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
678 the corresponding time zone description</para>
679 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
680 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
681 </indexterm>
682 </listitem>
683 </varlistentry>
684
685 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
686 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
687 <listitem>
688 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
689 executed function</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
691 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="zdump">
697 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
701 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="zic">
707 <term><command>zic</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
710 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
711 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
712 </indexterm>
713 </listitem>
714 </varlistentry>
715
716 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
717 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-&glibc-version;.so</filename></term>
718 <listitem>
719 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
720 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
721 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
722 </indexterm>
723 </listitem>
724 </varlistentry>
725
726 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
727 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
728 <listitem>
729 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
730 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
731 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
732 for more information</para>
733 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
734 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
735 </indexterm>
736 </listitem>
737 </varlistentry>
738
739 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
740 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
741 <listitem>
742 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
743 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
745 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="libanl">
751 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
755 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="libc">
761 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>The main C library</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
765 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
771 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
774 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
776 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
782 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>The cryptography library</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
786 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="libdl">
792 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
795 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
796 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
797 </indexterm>
798 </listitem>
799 </varlistentry>
800
801 <varlistentry id="libg">
802 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
803 <listitem>
804 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
805 library for <command>g++</command></para>
806 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
807 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
808 </indexterm>
809 </listitem>
810 </varlistentry>
811
812 <varlistentry id="libieee">
813 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
814 <listitem>
815 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
816 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
817 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
819 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="libm">
825 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>The mathematical library</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
829 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
835 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
839 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
845 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
848 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
850 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
856 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>The network services library</para>
859 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
860 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
861 </indexterm>
862 </listitem>
863 </varlistentry>
864
865 <varlistentry id="libnss">
866 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
867 <listitem>
868 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
869 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
870 protocols, etc.</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
872 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
878 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
882 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
883 </indexterm>
884 </listitem>
885 </varlistentry>
886
887 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
888 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
889 <listitem>
890 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
891 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
893 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
894 </indexterm>
895 </listitem>
896 </varlistentry>
897
898 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
899 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
900 <listitem>
901 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
903 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="librt">
909 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
912 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
913 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
914 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
915 </indexterm>
916 </listitem>
917 </varlistentry>
918
919 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
920 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
921 <listitem>
922 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
923 multi-threaded programs</para>
924 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
925 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
926 </indexterm>
927 </listitem>
928 </varlistentry>
929
930 <varlistentry id="libutil">
931 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
932 <listitem>
933 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
934 many different Unix utilities</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
936 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 </variablelist>
942
943 </sect2>
944
945</sect1>
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