source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ 093af3b

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Last change on this file since 093af3b was 093af3b, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 15 years ago

Upgrade to Binutils-2.20. Fixes #2505.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9085 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
  • Property mode set to 100644
File size: 34.2 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64 <para>The glibc-libidn tarball adds support for internationalized domain
65 names (IDN) to Glibc. Many programs that support IDN require the full
66 <filename class="libraryfile">libidn</filename> library, not this add-on (see
67 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/general/libidn.html"/>).
68 Unpack the tarball from within the Glibc source directory:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xvf ../glibc-libidn-&glibc-version;.tar.bz2
71mv -v glibc-libidn-&glibc-version; libidn</userinput></screen>
72
73<!--
74 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
75
76 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
77 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
78 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
79 avoid the problem:</para>
80
81<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
82-->
83
84 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
85 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
86 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
87 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
88 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
89 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
92sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
93 scripts/test-installation.pl
94unset DL</userinput></screen>
95
96 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
97 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
98 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
99 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
100 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
101
102<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
103
104 <para>Apply a patch so that Glibc will build against
105 Binutils-&binutils-version;:</para>
106
107<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-binutils-patch;</userinput></screen>
108
109 <para>Fix an error in one of the make check routines. Note that the escaped
110 newline in the second <command>sed</command> is required:</para>
111
112<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i s/utf8/UTF-8/ libio/tst-fgetwc.c
113sed -i '/tst-fgetws-ENV/ a\
114tst-fgetwc-ENV = LOCPATH=$(common-objpfx)localedata' libio/Makefile</userinput></screen>
115
116 <!-- This sed can be removed for any glibc newer than 2.10.1 (along with the
117 matching sed in chapter 5). See glibc bug 10262. -->
118 <para>Fix an error in the constants that get passed to the futex system
119 call in some cases, causing certain pthread_mutex operations to fail:</para>
120
121<!-- Format below is for proper pdf generation -->
122<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i \
123 -e 's/FUTEX_WAIT\( | FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME, reg\)/FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET\1/' \
124 nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/i486/lowlevellock.S</userinput></screen>
125
126 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
127 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
128
129<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
130cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
131
132 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
133 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
134 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
135
136<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
137 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
138esac</userinput></screen>
139
140 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
141
142<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
143 --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
144 --enable-kernel=2.6.18 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
145
146 <variablelist>
147 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
148
149 <varlistentry>
150 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
151 <listitem>
152 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
153 program from its default of <filename
154 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
155 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
156 </listitem>
157 </varlistentry>
158
159 </variablelist>
160
161 <para>Compile the package:</para>
162
163<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
164
165 <important>
166 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
167 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
168 </important>
169
170 <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
171 build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
172 results:</para>
173
174<screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
175make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
176grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
177
178 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
179 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
180 is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
181 common issues:</para>
182
183 <itemizedlist>
184 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
185 <listitem>
186 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
187 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
188 </listitem>
189 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6 -->
190 <listitem>
191 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis> and
192 <emphasis>tst-attr3</emphasis> tests sometimes
193 fail. The reason is not completely understood, but indications
194 are that a heavy system load can trigger these failures.</para>
195 </listitem>
196 <listitem>
197 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
198 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
199 authentic AMD processor.</para>
200 </listitem>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
203 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
204 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
205 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
206 </listitem>
207 <listitem>
208 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
209 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.</para>
210 </listitem>
211 </itemizedlist>
212
213 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
214 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
215 Prevent this warning with:</para>
216
217<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
218
219 <para>Install the package:</para>
220
221<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
222
223 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
224 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
225 but if some of them are missing, testsuites of the future packages would
226 skip important testcases.</para>
227
228 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
229 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
230 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
231 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
232 charset-independent locale definition with the
233 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
234 charmap definition and appends the result to the
235 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
236 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
237 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
238
239<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
240localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
241localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
242localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
243localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
244localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
245localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
246localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
247localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
248localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
249localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
250localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
251localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
252localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
253localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
254localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
255localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
256localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
257
258 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
259 character set.</para>
260
261 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
262 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
263 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
264 following time-consuming command:</para>
265
266<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
267
268 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
269 install locales not listed in the
270 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
271 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
272 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
273 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
274
275 </sect2>
276
277 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
278 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
279
280 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
281 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
282 </indexterm>
283
284 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
285 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
286 </indexterm>
287
288 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
289 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
290 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
291 also needs to be configured.</para>
292
293 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
294 following:</para>
295
296<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
297<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
298
299passwd: files
300group: files
301shadow: files
302
303hosts: files dns
304networks: files
305
306protocols: files
307services: files
308ethers: files
309rpc: files
310
311# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
312EOF</userinput></screen>
313
314 <para>One way to determine the local time zone, run the following
315 script:</para>
316
317<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
318
319 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
320 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
321 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
322 timezones listed in <filename
323 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
324 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
325 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
326
327 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
328 running:</para>
329
330<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
331 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
332
333 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
334 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
335
336 <variablelist>
337 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
338
339 <varlistentry>
340 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
341 <listitem>
342 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
343 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
344 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
345 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
346 single user mode.</para>
347 </listitem>
348 </varlistentry>
349
350 </variablelist>
351
352 </sect2>
353
354 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
355 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
356
357 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
358 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
359 </indexterm>
360
361 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
362 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
363 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
364 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
365 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
366 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
367 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
368 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
369 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
370 to contain additional libraries are <filename
371 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
372 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
373 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
374
375 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
376 following:</para>
377
378<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
379<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
380
381/usr/local/lib
382/opt/lib
383
384# End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
385EOF</userinput></screen>
386
387 </sect2>
388
389 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
390 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
391
392 <segmentedlist>
393 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
394 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
395
396 <seglistitem>
397 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
398 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
399 pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
400 zdump, and zic</seg>
401 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
402 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
403 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
404 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
405 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
406 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
407 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
408 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
409 </seglistitem>
410 </segmentedlist>
411
412 <variablelist>
413 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
414 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
415 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
416
417 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
418 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
419 <listitem>
420 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
421 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
422 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
423 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
424 </indexterm>
425 </listitem>
426 </varlistentry>
427
428 <varlistentry id="gencat">
429 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
430 <listitem>
431 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
432 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
433 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
434 </indexterm>
435 </listitem>
436 </varlistentry>
437
438 <varlistentry id="getconf">
439 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
442 specific variables</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
444 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="getent">
450 <term><command>getent</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
454 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="iconv">
460 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
463 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
464 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
465 </indexterm>
466 </listitem>
467 </varlistentry>
468
469 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
470 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
471 <listitem>
472 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
473 files</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
475 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
481 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
485 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="ldd">
491 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
494 by each given program or shared library</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
496 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
502 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
506 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="locale">
512 <term><command>locale</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
515 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
516 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
517 </indexterm>
518 </listitem>
519 </varlistentry>
520
521 <varlistentry id="localedef">
522 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
523 <listitem>
524 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
525 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
526 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
527 </indexterm>
528 </listitem>
529 </varlistentry>
530
531 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
532 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
533 <listitem>
534 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
535 in human-readable format</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
537 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="nscd">
543 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
546 service requests</para>
547 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
548 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
549 </indexterm>
550 </listitem>
551 </varlistentry>
552
553 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
554 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
555 <listitem>
556 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
557 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
558 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
559 </indexterm>
560 </listitem>
561 </varlistentry>
562
563 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
564 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
565 <listitem>
566 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
567 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
568 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
569 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
570 </indexterm>
571 </listitem>
572 </varlistentry>
573
574 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
575 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
576 <listitem>
577 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
578 protocol</para>
579 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
580 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
581 </indexterm>
582 </listitem>
583 </varlistentry>
584
585 <varlistentry id="rpcinfo">
586 <term><command>rpcinfo</command></term>
587 <listitem>
588 <para>Makes an RPC call to an RPC server</para>
589 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcinfo">
590 <primary sortas="b-rpcinfo">rpcinfo</primary>
591 </indexterm>
592 </listitem>
593 </varlistentry>
594
595 <varlistentry id="sln">
596 <term><command>sln</command></term>
597 <listitem>
598 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
599 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
600 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
601 </indexterm>
602 </listitem>
603 </varlistentry>
604
605 <varlistentry id="sprof">
606 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
607 <listitem>
608 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
610 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
616 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
619 the corresponding time zone description</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
621 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
627 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
630 executed function</para>
631 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
632 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
633 </indexterm>
634 </listitem>
635 </varlistentry>
636
637 <varlistentry id="zdump">
638 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
639 <listitem>
640 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
641 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
642 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
643 </indexterm>
644 </listitem>
645 </varlistentry>
646
647 <varlistentry id="zic">
648 <term><command>zic</command></term>
649 <listitem>
650 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
651 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
652 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
653 </indexterm>
654 </listitem>
655 </varlistentry>
656
657 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
658 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
659 <listitem>
660 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
662 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
668 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
671 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
672 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
673 for more information</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
675 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
681 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
684 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
685 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
686 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
687 </indexterm>
688 </listitem>
689 </varlistentry>
690
691 <varlistentry id="libanl">
692 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
693 <listitem>
694 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
696 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
702 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
705 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
707 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="libc">
713 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>The main C library</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
717 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
723 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
726 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
727 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
728 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
729 </indexterm>
730 </listitem>
731 </varlistentry>
732
733 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
734 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
735 <listitem>
736 <para>The cryptography library</para>
737 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
738 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
739 </indexterm>
740 </listitem>
741 </varlistentry>
742
743 <varlistentry id="libdl">
744 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
745 <listitem>
746 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
748 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="libg">
754 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
757 library for <command>g++</command></para>
758 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
759 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
760 </indexterm>
761 </listitem>
762 </varlistentry>
763
764 <varlistentry id="libieee">
765 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
766 <listitem>
767 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
768 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
769 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
771 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="libm">
777 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>The mathematical library</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
781 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
787 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
790 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
791 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
792 </indexterm>
793 </listitem>
794 </varlistentry>
795
796 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
797 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
798 <listitem>
799 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
800 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
802 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
808 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>The network services library</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
812 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="libnss">
818 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
821 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
822 protocols, etc.</para>
823 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
824 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
825 </indexterm>
826 </listitem>
827 </varlistentry>
828
829 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
830 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
831 <listitem>
832 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
833 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
835 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
841 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
845 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
851 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
854 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
856 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
862 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
866 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="librt">
872 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
875 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
876 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
877 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
878 </indexterm>
879 </listitem>
880 </varlistentry>
881
882 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
883 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
884 <listitem>
885 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
886 multi-threaded programs</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
888 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="libutil">
894 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
897 many different Unix utilities</para>
898 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
899 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
900 </indexterm>
901 </listitem>
902 </varlistentry>
903
904 </variablelist>
905
906 </sect2>
907
908</sect1>
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