source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ 3b60741

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Last change on this file since 3b60741 was 3b60741, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 11 years ago

Further syncs with trunk to minimise differences to this branch

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use non-FHS compilant
65 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory
66 to store their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
67 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
68
69<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
70
71 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
72 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
73
74<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
75cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
76
77 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
78
79<!-- We would get /usr/lib/glibc/getconf instead of /usr/lib/getconf and
80 /usr/lib/getconf was used before. Other distros seem to use same
81 libexecdir -->
82<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
83 --prefix=/usr \
84 --disable-profile \
85 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
86 --libexecdir=/usr/lib</userinput></screen>
87 <variablelist>
88 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
89
90 <varlistentry>
91 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib</parameter></term>
92 <listitem>
93 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
94 program and <filename class="directory">getconf</filename> directory
95 from their default install location of <filename
96 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
97 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.</para>
98 </listitem>
99 </varlistentry>
100
101 </variablelist>
102
103 <para>Compile the package:</para>
104
105<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
106
107 <important>
108 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
109 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
110 </important>
111
112 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore
113 any of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:</para>
114
115<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
116grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
117
118 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
119 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
120 <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests. In addition the Glibc
121 test suite is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the
122 most common issues:</para>
123
124 <itemizedlist>
125
126 <listitem>
127 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
128 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
129 <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
130 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
131 tests have been known to fail. The
132 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
133 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
134 </listitem>
135
136 <listitem>
137 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
138 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
139 authentic AMD processor.</para>
140 </listitem>
141
142 <listitem>
143 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
144 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
145 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
146 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
147 make -k check</command>).</para>
148 </listitem>
149
150 <listitem>
151 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
152 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
153 </listitem>
154
155 </itemizedlist>
156
157 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
158 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
159 Prevent this warning with:</para>
160
161<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
162
163 <para>Install the package:</para>
164
165<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
166
167 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
168 default; these are required to rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
169 packages:</para>
170
171<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
172cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
173cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
174
175 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
176 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
177
178<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
179mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
180
181 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
182 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
183 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
184 skip important testcases.</para>
185
186 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
187 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
188 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
189 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
190 charset-independent locale definition with the
191 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
192 charmap definition and appends the result to the
193 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
194 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
195 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
196
197<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
198localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
199localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
200localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
201localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
202localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
203localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
204localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
205localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
206localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
207localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
208localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
209localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
210localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
211localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
212localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
213localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
214localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
215localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
216localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
217localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
218localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
219
220 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
221 character set.</para>
222
223 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
224 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
225 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
226 following time-consuming command:</para>
227
228<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
229
230 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
231 install locales not listed in the
232 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
233 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
234
235 </sect2>
236
237 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
238 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
239
240 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
241 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
242 </indexterm>
243
244 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
245 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
246 </indexterm>
247
248 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
249 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
250 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
251 also needs to be configured.</para>
252
253 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
254 following:</para>
255
256<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
257<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
258
259passwd: files
260group: files
261shadow: files
262
263hosts: files dns
264networks: files
265
266protocols: files
267services: files
268ethers: files
269rpc: files
270
271# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
272EOF</userinput></screen>
273
274 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
275<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
276
277ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
278mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
279
280for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
281 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 \
282 systemv; do
283 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
284 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
285 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
286done
287
288cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
289zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
290unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
291
292 <variablelist>
293 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
294
295 <varlistentry>
296 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
297 <listitem>
298 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
299 conventional to put these in both
300 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
301 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
302 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
303 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
304 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
305 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
306 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
307 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
308 results</para>
309 </listitem>
310 </varlistentry>
311 <varlistentry>
312 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
313 <listitem>
314 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
315 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
316 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
317 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
318 directory.</para>
319 </listitem>
320 </varlistentry>
321 <varlistentry>
322 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
323 <listitem>
324 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
325 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
326 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
327 </listitem>
328 </varlistentry>
329 </variablelist>
330
331
332 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
333 script:</para>
334
335<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
336
337 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
338 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
339 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
340 timezones listed in <filename
341 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
342 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
343 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
344
345 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
346 running:</para>
347
348<screen><userinput>ln -sv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
349
350 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
351 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
352
353 </sect2>
354
355 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
356 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
357
358 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
359 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
360 </indexterm>
361
362 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
363 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
364 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
365 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
366 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
367 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
368 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
369 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
370 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
371 to contain additional libraries are <filename
372 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
373 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
374 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
375
376 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
377 following:</para>
378
379<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
380<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
381/usr/local/lib
382/opt/lib
383</literal>
384EOF</userinput></screen>
385
386 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
387 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
388 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
389 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
390
391<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
392<literal># Add an include directory
393include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
394</literal>
395EOF
396mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
397
398 </sect2>
399
400 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
401 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
402
403 <segmentedlist>
404 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
405 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
406 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
407
408 <seglistitem>
409 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
410 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
411 pldd, pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
412 zdump, and zic</seg>
413 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
414 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
415 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
416 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
417 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
418 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
419 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
420 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
421 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
422 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
423 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
424 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
425 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
426 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
427 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/getconf,
428 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/cache/nscd,
429 and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
430 </seglistitem>
431 </segmentedlist>
432
433 <variablelist>
434 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
435 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
436 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
437
438 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
439 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
440 <listitem>
441 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
442 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
443 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
444 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
445 </indexterm>
446 </listitem>
447 </varlistentry>
448
449 <varlistentry id="gencat">
450 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
451 <listitem>
452 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
453 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
454 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
455 </indexterm>
456 </listitem>
457 </varlistentry>
458
459 <varlistentry id="getconf">
460 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
461 <listitem>
462 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
463 specific variables</para>
464 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
465 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
466 </indexterm>
467 </listitem>
468 </varlistentry>
469
470 <varlistentry id="getent">
471 <term><command>getent</command></term>
472 <listitem>
473 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
474 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
475 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
476 </indexterm>
477 </listitem>
478 </varlistentry>
479
480 <varlistentry id="iconv">
481 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
482 <listitem>
483 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
484 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
485 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
486 </indexterm>
487 </listitem>
488 </varlistentry>
489
490 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
491 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
492 <listitem>
493 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
494 files</para>
495 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
496 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
497 </indexterm>
498 </listitem>
499 </varlistentry>
500
501 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
502 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
503 <listitem>
504 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
505 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
506 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
507 </indexterm>
508 </listitem>
509 </varlistentry>
510
511 <varlistentry id="ldd">
512 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
513 <listitem>
514 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
515 by each given program or shared library</para>
516 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
517 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
518 </indexterm>
519 </listitem>
520 </varlistentry>
521
522 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
523 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
524 <listitem>
525 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
526 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
527 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
528 </indexterm>
529 </listitem>
530 </varlistentry>
531
532 <varlistentry id="locale">
533 <term><command>locale</command></term>
534 <listitem>
535 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
536 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
537 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
538 </indexterm>
539 </listitem>
540 </varlistentry>
541
542 <varlistentry id="localedef">
543 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
544 <listitem>
545 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
546 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
547 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
548 </indexterm>
549 </listitem>
550 </varlistentry>
551
552 <varlistentry id="makedb">
553 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
554 <listitem>
555 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
556 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
557 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
558 </indexterm>
559 </listitem>
560 </varlistentry>
561
562 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
563 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
564 <listitem>
565 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
566 in human-readable format</para>
567 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
568 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
569 </indexterm>
570 </listitem>
571 </varlistentry>
572
573 <varlistentry id="nscd">
574 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
575 <listitem>
576 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
577 service requests</para>
578 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
579 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
580 </indexterm>
581 </listitem>
582 </varlistentry>
583
584 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
585 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
586 <listitem>
587 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
588 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
589 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
590 </indexterm>
591 </listitem>
592 </varlistentry>
593
594 <varlistentry id="pldd">
595 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
596 <listitem>
597 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
598 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
599 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
600 </indexterm>
601 </listitem>
602 </varlistentry>
603
604 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
605 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
606 <listitem>
607 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
608 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
609 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
610 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
611 </indexterm>
612 </listitem>
613 </varlistentry>
614
615 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
616 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
617 <listitem>
618 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
619 protocol</para>
620 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
621 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
622 </indexterm>
623 </listitem>
624 </varlistentry>
625
626 <varlistentry id="sln">
627 <term><command>sln</command></term>
628 <listitem>
629 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
630 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
631 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
632 </indexterm>
633 </listitem>
634 </varlistentry>
635
636 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
637 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
638 <listitem>
639 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
640 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
641 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
642 </indexterm>
643 </listitem>
644 </varlistentry>
645
646 <varlistentry id="sprof">
647 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
648 <listitem>
649 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
650 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
651 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
652 </indexterm>
653 </listitem>
654 </varlistentry>
655
656 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
657 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
658 <listitem>
659 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
660 the corresponding time zone description</para>
661 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
662 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
663 </indexterm>
664 </listitem>
665 </varlistentry>
666
667 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
668 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
669 <listitem>
670 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
671 executed function</para>
672 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
673 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
674 </indexterm>
675 </listitem>
676 </varlistentry>
677
678 <varlistentry id="zdump">
679 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
680 <listitem>
681 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
682 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
683 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
684 </indexterm>
685 </listitem>
686 </varlistentry>
687
688 <varlistentry id="zic">
689 <term><command>zic</command></term>
690 <listitem>
691 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
692 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
693 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
694 </indexterm>
695 </listitem>
696 </varlistentry>
697
698 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
699 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
700 <listitem>
701 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
702 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
703 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
704 </indexterm>
705 </listitem>
706 </varlistentry>
707
708 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
709 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
710 <listitem>
711 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
712 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
713 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
714 for more information</para>
715 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
716 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
717 </indexterm>
718 </listitem>
719 </varlistentry>
720
721 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
722 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
723 <listitem>
724 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
725 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
727 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="libanl">
733 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
737 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
743 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
746 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
747 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
748 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
749 </indexterm>
750 </listitem>
751 </varlistentry>
752
753 <varlistentry id="libc">
754 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
755 <listitem>
756 <para>The main C library</para>
757 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
758 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
759 </indexterm>
760 </listitem>
761 </varlistentry>
762
763 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
764 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
765 <listitem>
766 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
767 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
768 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
769 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
770 </indexterm>
771 </listitem>
772 </varlistentry>
773
774 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
775 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
776 <listitem>
777 <para>The cryptography library</para>
778 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
779 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
780 </indexterm>
781 </listitem>
782 </varlistentry>
783
784 <varlistentry id="libdl">
785 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
786 <listitem>
787 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
788 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
789 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
790 </indexterm>
791 </listitem>
792 </varlistentry>
793
794 <varlistentry id="libg">
795 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
796 <listitem>
797 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
798 library for <command>g++</command></para>
799 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
800 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
801 </indexterm>
802 </listitem>
803 </varlistentry>
804
805 <varlistentry id="libieee">
806 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
807 <listitem>
808 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
809 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
810 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
812 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="libm">
818 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>The mathematical library</para>
821 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
822 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
823 </indexterm>
824 </listitem>
825 </varlistentry>
826
827 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
828 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
829 <listitem>
830 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
831 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
832 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
833 </indexterm>
834 </listitem>
835 </varlistentry>
836
837 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
838 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
839 <listitem>
840 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
841 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
842 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
843 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
844 </indexterm>
845 </listitem>
846 </varlistentry>
847
848 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
849 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
850 <listitem>
851 <para>The network services library</para>
852 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
853 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
854 </indexterm>
855 </listitem>
856 </varlistentry>
857
858 <varlistentry id="libnss">
859 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
860 <listitem>
861 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
862 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
863 protocols, etc.</para>
864 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
865 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
866 </indexterm>
867 </listitem>
868 </varlistentry>
869
870 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
871 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
872 <listitem>
873 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
874 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
876 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
882 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
885 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
886 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
887 </indexterm>
888 </listitem>
889 </varlistentry>
890
891 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
892 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
893 <listitem>
894 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
895 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
897 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
903 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
906 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
907 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
908 </indexterm>
909 </listitem>
910 </varlistentry>
911
912 <varlistentry id="librt">
913 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
914 <listitem>
915 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
916 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
917 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
918 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
919 </indexterm>
920 </listitem>
921 </varlistentry>
922
923 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
924 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
925 <listitem>
926 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
927 multi-threaded programs</para>
928 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
929 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
930 </indexterm>
931 </listitem>
932 </varlistentry>
933
934 <varlistentry id="libutil">
935 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
936 <listitem>
937 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
938 many different Unix utilities</para>
939 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
940 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
941 </indexterm>
942 </listitem>
943 </varlistentry>
944
945 </variablelist>
946
947 </sect2>
948
949</sect1>
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