1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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3 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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4 | %general-entities;
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5 | ]>
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6 | <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" xreflabel="Glibc">
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7 | <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
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8 | <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
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9 |
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10 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc"><primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary></indexterm>
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11 |
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12 | <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides all
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13 | the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
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14 | closing files, reading and writing them, string handling, pattern matching,
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15 | arithmetic, and so on.</para>
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16 |
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17 | <screen>&buildtime; 12.3 SBU
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18 | &diskspace; 784 MB</screen>
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19 |
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20 | <para>Glibc installation depends on: Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils,
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21 | Gawk, GCC, Gettext, Grep, Make, Perl, Sed, Texinfo.</para>
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22 |
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23 |
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24 |
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25 | <sect2>
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26 | <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
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27 |
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28 | <para>The Glibc build system is very well self-contained and will install
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29 | perfectly, even though our compiler specs file and linker are still pointing
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30 | at <filename>/tools</filename>. We cannot adjust the specs and linker before
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31 | the Glibc install, because the Glibc autoconf tests would then give bogus
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32 | results and thus defeat our goal of achieving a clean build.</para>
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33 |
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34 | <para>Before starting to build Glibc, remember to unset any environment
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35 | variables that override the default optimization flags.</para>
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36 |
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37 | <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
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38 | directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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39 |
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40 | <screen><userinput>mkdir ../glibc-build
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41 | cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
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42 |
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43 | <para>Now prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
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44 |
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45 | <screen><userinput>../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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46 | --disable-profile --enable-add-ons=nptl --with-tls \
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47 | --libexecdir=/tmp/pt_chown --without-cvs \
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48 | --with-headers=/tools/glibc-kernheaders</userinput></screen>
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49 |
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50 | <para>The meaning of the new configure options:</para>
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51 |
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52 | <itemizedlist>
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53 | <listitem><para><userinput>--libexecdir=/tmp/pt_chown</userinput>: This changes
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54 | the location of the <filename>pt_chown</filename> program from its default of
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55 | <filename class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to
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56 | <filename class="directory">/tmp/pt_chown</filename>. This program isn't required
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57 | on modern systems, so we install it in a place from which we will delete it
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58 | later.</para></listitem>
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59 | </itemizedlist>
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60 |
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61 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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62 |
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63 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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64 |
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65 | <important><para>The test suite for Glibc in this section is considered
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66 | <emphasis>critical</emphasis>. Our advice is to not skip it under any
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67 | circumstance.</para></important>
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68 |
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69 | <para>Test the results:</para>
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70 |
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71 | <screen><userinput>make check</userinput></screen>
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72 |
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73 | <para>The test suite notes from <xref linkend="ch-tools-glibc"/> are still very much
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74 | appropriate here. Be sure to refer back there should you have any doubts.</para>
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75 |
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76 | <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
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77 | complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>. Fix this
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78 | annoying little warning with:</para>
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79 |
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80 | <screen><userinput>touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
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81 |
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82 | <para>And install the package:</para>
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83 |
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84 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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85 |
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86 | <para>The locales that can make your system respond in a different language
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87 | weren't installed by the above command. Do it with this:</para>
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88 |
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89 | <screen><userinput>make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
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90 |
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91 | <para>An alternative to running the previous command is to install only those
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92 | locales which you need or want. This can be achieved by using the
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93 | <command>localedef</command> command. Information on this can be found in
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94 | the <filename>INSTALL</filename> file in the Glibc source. However, there are
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95 | a number of locales that are essential for the tests of future packages to
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96 | pass, in particular, the <emphasis>libstdc++</emphasis> tests from GCC. The
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97 | following instructions, instead of the install-locales target above, will
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98 | install the minimum set of locales necessary for the tests to run
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99 | successfully:</para>
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100 |
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101 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/lib/locale
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102 | localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
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103 | localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
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104 | localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
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105 | localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
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106 | localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
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107 | localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
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108 | localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
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109 | localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
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110 | localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
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111 | localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
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112 | localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP</userinput></screen>
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113 |
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114 | <para>In fact, some locales installed by the
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115 | <command>make localedata/install-locales</command>
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116 | command above are not properly
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117 | supported by some applications that are in LFS and BLFS books. Because
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118 | of various problems that arise
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119 | due to application programmers making
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120 | assumptions that break in such locales, LFS <emphasis>should not</emphasis>
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121 | be used in locales that utilize
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122 | multibyte character sets (including UTF-8) or
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123 | right-to-left writing order.
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124 | Numerous unofficial and unstable patches are required to fix these problems,
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125 | and it has been decided not to support such complex locales.
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126 | This applies to the ja_JP and fa_IR locales as well:
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127 | they have been installed only
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128 | for gcc and gettext tests to pass, and e.g.
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129 | the <command>watch</command> program (part of Procps)
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130 | compiled according to this book doesn't work properly in them.
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131 | Various attempts to circumvent these
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132 | restrictions are documented in internationalization-related hints.</para>
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133 |
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134 | <para>Finally, build the linuxthreads man pages, which are a great reference
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135 | on the threading API (applicable to NPTL as well):</para>
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136 |
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137 | <screen><userinput>make -C ../glibc-&glibc-version;/linuxthreads/man</userinput></screen>
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138 |
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139 | <para>And install these pages:</para>
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140 |
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141 | <screen><userinput>make -C ../glibc-&glibc-version;/linuxthreads/man install</userinput></screen>
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142 |
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143 | </sect2>
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144 |
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145 |
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146 | <sect2 id="conf-glibc"><title>Configuring Glibc</title>
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147 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc"><primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary></indexterm>
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148 | <indexterm zone="conf-glibc"><primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary></indexterm>
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149 |
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150 | <para>We need to create the <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file,
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151 | because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
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152 | the Glibc defaults don't work well with networking. Also, our time zone needs
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153 | to be set up.</para>
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154 |
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155 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
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156 | following:</para>
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157 |
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158 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"</userinput>
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159 | # Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
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160 |
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161 | passwd: files
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162 | group: files
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163 | shadow: files
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164 |
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165 | hosts: files dns
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166 | networks: files
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167 |
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168 | protocols: files
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169 | services: files
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170 | ethers: files
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171 | rpc: files
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172 |
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173 | # End /etc/nsswitch.conf
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174 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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175 |
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176 | <para>To find out what time zone you're in, run the following script:</para>
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177 |
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178 | <screen><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
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179 |
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180 | <para>When you've answered a few questions about your location, the script will
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181 | output the name of your time zone, something like <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis>
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182 | or <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>. Then create the
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183 | <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:</para>
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184 |
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185 | <screen><userinput>cp --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Canada/Eastern /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
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186 |
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187 | <para>The meaning of the option:</para>
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188 |
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189 | <itemizedlist>
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190 | <listitem><para><userinput>--remove-destination</userinput>: This is needed to
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191 | force removal of the already existing symbolic link. The reason why we copy
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192 | instead of symlink is to cover the situation where <filename>/usr</filename> is
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193 | on a separate partition. This could matter, for example, when booted into single
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194 | user mode.</para></listitem>
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195 | </itemizedlist>
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196 |
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197 | <para>Of course, instead of <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis>, fill in
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198 | the name of the time zone that the <command>tzselect</command> script
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199 | gave you.</para>
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200 |
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201 | </sect2>
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202 |
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203 |
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204 | <sect2 id="conf-ld">
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205 | <title>Configuring Dynamic Loader</title>
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206 | <indexterm zone="conf-ld"><primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary></indexterm>
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207 |
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208 | <para>By default, the dynamic loader
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209 | (<filename>/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename
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210 | class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>
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211 | for dynamic libraries that are needed
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212 | by programs when you run them. However, if there are libraries in
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213 | directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
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214 | <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, you need to add them to
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215 | the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file for the dynamic
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216 | loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain
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217 | additional libraries are <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename>
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218 | and <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so we add those directories to the
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219 | dynamic loader's search path.</para>
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220 |
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221 | <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
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222 | following:</para>
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223 |
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224 | <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"</userinput>
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225 | # Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
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226 |
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227 | /usr/local/lib
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228 | /opt/lib
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229 |
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230 | # End /etc/ld.so.conf
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231 | <userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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232 |
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233 | </sect2>
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234 |
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235 |
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236 | <sect2 id="contents-glibc"><title>Contents of Glibc</title>
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237 |
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238 | <para><emphasis>Installed programs</emphasis>: catchsegv, gencat, getconf,
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239 | getent, glibcbug, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale,
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240 | localedef, mtrace, nscd, nscd_nischeck, pcprofiledump, pt_chown, rpcgen,
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241 | rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump and zic</para>
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242 |
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243 | <para><emphasis>Installed libraries</emphasis>: ld.so, libBrokenLocale.[a,so],
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244 | libSegFault.so, libanl.[a,so], libbsd-compat.a, libc.[a,so], libc_nonshared.a,
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245 | libcrypt.[a,so], libdl.[a,so], libg.a, libieee.a, libm.[a,so], libmcheck.a,
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246 | libmemusage.so, libnsl.a, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so,
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247 | libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so, libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so,
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248 | libpthread.[a,so], libresolv.[a,so], librpcsvc.a, librt.[a,so], libthread_db.so
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249 | and libutil.[a,so]</para>
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250 |
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251 | </sect2>
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252 |
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253 |
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254 | <sect2><title>Short descriptions</title>
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255 |
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256 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv"><primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary></indexterm>
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257 | <para id="catchsegv"><command>catchsegv</command> can be used to create a stack trace
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258 | when a program terminates with a segmentation fault.</para>
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259 |
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260 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat"><primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary></indexterm>
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261 | <para id="gencat"><command>gencat</command> generates message catalogues.</para>
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262 |
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263 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf"><primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary></indexterm>
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264 | <para id="getconf"><command>getconf</command> displays the system configuration values
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265 | for file system specific variables.</para>
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266 |
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267 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent"><primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary></indexterm>
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268 | <para id="getent"><command>getent</command> gets entries from an administrative
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269 | database.</para>
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270 |
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271 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc glibcbug"><primary sortas="b-glibcbug">glibcbug</primary></indexterm>
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272 | <para id="glibcbug"><command>glibcbug</command> creates a bug report and mails it to the
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273 | bug email address.</para>
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274 |
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275 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv"><primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary></indexterm>
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276 | <para id="iconv"><command>iconv</command> performs character set conversion.</para>
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277 |
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278 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig"><primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary></indexterm>
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279 | <para id="iconvconfig"><command>iconvconfig</command> creates fastloading iconv module
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280 | configuration file.</para>
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281 |
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282 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig"><primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary></indexterm>
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283 | <para id="ldconfig"><command>ldconfig</command> configures the dynamic linker runtime
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284 | bindings.</para>
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285 |
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286 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd"><primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary></indexterm>
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287 | <para id="ldd"><command>ldd</command> reports which shared libraries are required
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288 | by each given program or shared library.</para>
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289 |
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290 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4"><primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary></indexterm>
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291 | <para id="lddlibc4"><command>lddlibc4</command> assists ldd with object files.</para>
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292 |
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293 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale"><primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary></indexterm>
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294 | <para id="locale"><command>locale</command> is a Perl program that tells the compiler
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295 | to enable or disable the use of POSIX locales for built-in operations.</para>
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296 |
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297 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef"><primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary></indexterm>
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298 | <para id="localedef"><command>localedef</command> compiles locale specifications.</para>
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299 |
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300 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace"><primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary></indexterm>
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301 | <para id="mtrace"><command>mtrace</command>...</para>
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302 |
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303 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd"><primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary></indexterm>
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304 | <para id="nscd"><command>nscd</command> is a name service cache daemon providing a
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305 | cache for the most common name service requests.</para>
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306 |
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307 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd_nischeck"><primary sortas="b-nscd_nischeck">nscd_nischeck</primary></indexterm>
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308 | <para id="nscd_nischeck"><command>nscd_nischeck</command> checks whether or not secure mode
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309 | is necessary for NIS+ lookup.</para>
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310 |
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311 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump"><primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary></indexterm>
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312 | <para id="pcprofiledump"><command>pcprofiledump</command> dumps information generated by
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313 | PC profiling.</para>
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314 |
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315 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown"><primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary></indexterm>
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316 | <para id="pt_chown"><command>pt_chown</command> is a helper program for grantpt to set
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317 | the owner, group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal.</para>
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318 |
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319 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen"><primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary></indexterm>
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320 | <para id="rpcgen"><command>rpcgen</command> generates C code to implement the
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321 | RPC protocol.</para>
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322 |
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323 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcinfo"><primary sortas="b-rpcinfo">rpcinfo</primary></indexterm>
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324 | <para id="rpcinfo"><command>rpcinfo</command> makes an RPC call to an RPC server.</para>
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325 |
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326 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln"><primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary></indexterm>
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327 | <para id="sln"><command>sln</command> is used to make symbolic links. The program
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328 | is statically linked, so it is useful for making symbolic links to dynamic
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329 | libraries if the dynamic linking system for some reason is nonfunctional.</para>
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330 |
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331 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof"><primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary></indexterm>
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332 | <para id="sprof"><command>sprof</command> reads and displays shared object profiling
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333 | data.</para>
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334 |
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335 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect"><primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary></indexterm>
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336 | <para id="tzselect"><command>tzselect</command> asks the user about the location of the
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337 | system and reports the corresponding time zone description.</para>
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338 |
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339 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace"><primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary></indexterm>
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340 | <para id="xtrace"><command>xtrace</command> traces the execution of a program by
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341 | printing the currently executed function.</para>
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342 |
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343 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump"><primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary></indexterm>
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344 | <para id="zdump"><command>zdump</command> is the time zone dumper.</para>
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345 |
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346 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic"><primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary></indexterm>
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347 | <para id="zic"><command>zic</command> is the time zone compiler.</para>
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348 |
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349 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so"><primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary></indexterm>
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350 | <para id="ld.so"><command>ld.so</command> is the helper program for shared library
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351 | executables.</para>
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352 |
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353 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale"><primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary></indexterm>
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354 | <para id="libBrokenLocale"><command>libBrokenLocale</command> is used by programs, such as
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355 | Mozilla, to solve broken locales.</para>
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356 |
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357 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault"><primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary></indexterm>
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358 | <para id="libSegFault"><command>libSegFault</command> is a segmentation fault signal
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359 | handler. It tries to catch segfaults.</para>
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360 |
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361 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl"><primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary></indexterm>
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362 | <para id="libanl"><command>libanl</command> is an asynchronous name lookup
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363 | library.</para>
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364 |
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365 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat"><primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary></indexterm>
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366 | <para id="libbsd-compat"><command>libbsd-compat</command> provides the portability needed
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367 | in order to run certain BSD programs under Linux.</para>
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368 |
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369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc"><primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary></indexterm>
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370 | <para id="libc"><command>libc</command> is the main C library -- a collection of
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371 | commonly used functions.</para>
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372 |
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373 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt"><primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary></indexterm>
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374 | <para id="libcrypt"><command>libcrypt</command> is the cryptography library.</para>
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375 |
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376 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl"><primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary></indexterm>
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377 | <para id="libdl"><command>libdl</command> is the dynamic linking interface library.</para>
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378 |
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379 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg"><primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary></indexterm>
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380 | <para id="libg"><command>libg</command> is a runtime library for g++.</para>
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381 |
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382 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee"><primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary></indexterm>
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383 | <para id="libieee"><command>libieee</command> is the IEEE floating point library.</para>
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384 |
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385 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm"><primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary></indexterm>
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386 | <para id="libm"><command>libm</command> is the mathematical library.</para>
|
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387 |
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388 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck"><primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary></indexterm>
|
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389 | <para id="libmcheck"><command>libmcheck</command> contains code run at boot.</para>
|
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390 |
|
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391 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage"><primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary></indexterm>
|
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392 | <para id="libmemusage"><command>libmemusage</command> is used by memusage to help collect
|
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393 | information about the memory usage of a program.</para>
|
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394 |
|
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395 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl"><primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary></indexterm>
|
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396 | <para id="libnsl"><command>libnsl</command> is the network services library.</para>
|
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397 |
|
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398 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss"><primary sortas="c-libnss*">libnss*</primary></indexterm>
|
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399 | <para id="libnss"><command>libnss*</command> are the Name Service Switch libraries,
|
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400 | containing functions for resolving host names, user names, group names,
|
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401 | aliases, services, protocols,and the like.</para>
|
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402 |
|
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403 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile"><primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
404 | <para id="libpcprofile"><command>libpcprofile</command> contains profiling functions used
|
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405 | to track the amount of CPU time spent in which source code lines.</para>
|
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406 |
|
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407 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread"><primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
408 | <para id="libpthread"><command>libpthread</command> is the POSIX threads library.</para>
|
---|
409 |
|
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410 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv"><primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
411 | <para id="libresolv"><command>libresolv</command> contains functions for creating,
|
---|
412 | sending, and interpreting packets to the Internet domain name servers.</para>
|
---|
413 |
|
---|
414 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc"><primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
415 | <para id="librpcsvc"><command>librpcsvc</command>contains functions providing
|
---|
416 | miscellaneous RPC services.</para>
|
---|
417 |
|
---|
418 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt"><primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
419 | <para id="librt"><command>librt</command> contains functions providing most of the
|
---|
420 | interfaces specified by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension.</para>
|
---|
421 |
|
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422 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db"><primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
423 | <para id="libthread_db"><command>libthread_db</command> contains functions useful for
|
---|
424 | building debuggers for multi-threaded programs.</para>
|
---|
425 |
|
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426 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil"><primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary></indexterm>
|
---|
427 | <para id="libutil"><command>libutil</command> contains code for "standard" functions
|
---|
428 | used in many different Unix utilities.</para>
|
---|
429 |
|
---|
430 | </sect2>
|
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431 |
|
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432 |
|
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433 |
|
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434 | </sect1>
|
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