source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ 8d2a1f4

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Last change on this file since 8d2a1f4 was 8d2a1f4, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 12 years ago

Add patch to fix glibc occasional crash with problem nameservers

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9965 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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File size: 38.1 KB
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64<!--
65 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
66
67 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70 avoid the problem:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73-->
74
75 <para>Fix a problem that causes the build to fail in the LFS environment:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
78
79<!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
80 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
81 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
82 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
83 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
84 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
87sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
88 scripts/test-installation.pl
89unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
90
91 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
92 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
93 our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
94 fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
99 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
100 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
101 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
102 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>Now fix a problem that causes some applications to crash when
107 utilizing problem nameservers:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fix-resolv-patch;</userinput></screen>
110
111 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
112 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
113
114<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
115cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
116<!--
117 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
118 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
119 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
120
121<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
122 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
123esac</userinput></screen>
124-->
125 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
126
127<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
128 --prefix=/usr \
129 --disable-profile \
130 --enable-add-ons \
131 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
132 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
133
134 <variablelist>
135 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
136
137 <varlistentry>
138 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
139 <listitem>
140 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
141 program from its default of <filename
142 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
143 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
144 </listitem>
145 </varlistentry>
146
147 </variablelist>
148
149 <para>Compile the package:</para>
150
151<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
152
153 <important>
154 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
155 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
156 </important>
157
158 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore
159 any of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:</para>
160
161<!-- cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata -->
162
163<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
164grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
165
166 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
167 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
168 <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests. In addition the Glibc
169 test suite is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the
170 most common issues:</para>
171
172 <itemizedlist>
173 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
174 <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
175 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
176 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
177 </listitem> -->
178 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
179
180 <listitem>
181 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
182 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
183 <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
184 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
185 tests have been known to fail. The
186 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
187 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
188 </listitem>
189
190 <listitem>
191 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
192 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
193 authentic AMD processor.</para>
194 </listitem>
195
196 <!--
197 <listitem>
198 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
199 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
200 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
201 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
202 </listitem>
203 -->
204
205 <listitem>
206 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
207 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
208 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
209 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
210 make -k check</command>).</para>
211 </listitem>
212
213 <listitem>
214 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
215 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
216 </listitem>
217
218 </itemizedlist>
219
220 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
221 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
222 Prevent this warning with:</para>
223
224<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
225
226 <para>Install the package:</para>
227
228<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
229
230 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
231 default; these are required ito rebuild glibc and by several BLFS
232 packages:</para>
233
234<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
235cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
236cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
237
238 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
239 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
240 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
241 skip important testcases.</para>
242
243 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
244 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
245 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
246 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
247 charset-independent locale definition with the
248 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
249 charmap definition and appends the result to the
250 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
251 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
252 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
253
254<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
255localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
256localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
257localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
258localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
259localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
260localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
261localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
262localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
263localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
264localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
265localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
266localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
267localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
268localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
269localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
270localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
271localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
272localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
273localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
274localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
275localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
276
277 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
278 character set.</para>
279
280 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
281 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
282 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
283 following time-consuming command:</para>
284
285<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
286
287 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
288 install locales not listed in the
289 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
290 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
291 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
292 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
293
294 </sect2>
295
296 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
297 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
298
299 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
300 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
301 </indexterm>
302
303 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
304 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
305 </indexterm>
306
307 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
308 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
309 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
310 also needs to be configured.</para>
311
312 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
313 following:</para>
314
315<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
316<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
317
318passwd: files
319group: files
320shadow: files
321
322hosts: files dns
323networks: files
324
325protocols: files
326services: files
327ethers: files
328rpc: files
329
330# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
331EOF</userinput></screen>
332
333 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
334<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
335
336mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right}
337
338for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
339 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
340 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
341 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
342 zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
343done
344
345cp -v zone.tab iso3166.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo
346zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
347
348 <variablelist>
349 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
350
351 <varlistentry>
352 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
353 <listitem>
354 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
355 conventional to put these in both
356 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
357 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
358 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
359 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
360 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
361 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
362 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
363 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
364 results</para>
365 </listitem>
366 </varlistentry>
367 <varlistentry>
368 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
369 <listitem>
370 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
371 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
372 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
373 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
374 directory.</para>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377 <varlistentry>
378 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
379 <listitem>
380 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
381 </listitem>
382 </varlistentry>
383 </variablelist>
384
385
386 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
387 script:</para>
388
389<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
390
391 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
392 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
393 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
394 timezones listed in <filename
395 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
396 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
397 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
398
399 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
400 running:</para>
401
402<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
403 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
404
405 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
406 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
407
408 <variablelist>
409 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
410
411 <varlistentry>
412 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
413 <listitem>
414 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
415 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
416 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
417 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
418 single user mode.</para>
419 </listitem>
420 </varlistentry>
421
422 </variablelist>
423
424 </sect2>
425
426 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
427 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
428
429 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
430 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
431 </indexterm>
432
433 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
434 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
435 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
436 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
437 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
438 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
439 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
440 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
441 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
442 to contain additional libraries are <filename
443 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
444 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
445 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
446
447 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
448 following:</para>
449
450<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
451<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
452/usr/local/lib
453/opt/lib
454</literal>
455EOF</userinput></screen>
456
457 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
458 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
459 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
460 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
461
462<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
463<literal># Add an include directory
464include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
465</literal>
466EOF
467mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
468
469 </sect2>
470
471 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
472 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
473
474 <segmentedlist>
475 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
476 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
477 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
478
479 <seglistitem>
480 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
481 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
482 pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
483 zdump, and zic</seg>
484 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
485 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
486 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
487 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
488 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
489 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
490 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
491 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
492 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
493 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
494 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
495 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
496 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
497 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
498 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
499 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
500 </seglistitem>
501 </segmentedlist>
502
503 <variablelist>
504 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
505 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
506 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
507
508 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
509 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
510 <listitem>
511 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
512 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
513 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
514 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
515 </indexterm>
516 </listitem>
517 </varlistentry>
518
519 <varlistentry id="gencat">
520 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
521 <listitem>
522 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
523 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
524 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
525 </indexterm>
526 </listitem>
527 </varlistentry>
528
529 <varlistentry id="getconf">
530 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
531 <listitem>
532 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
533 specific variables</para>
534 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
535 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
536 </indexterm>
537 </listitem>
538 </varlistentry>
539
540 <varlistentry id="getent">
541 <term><command>getent</command></term>
542 <listitem>
543 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
544 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
545 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
546 </indexterm>
547 </listitem>
548 </varlistentry>
549
550 <varlistentry id="iconv">
551 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
552 <listitem>
553 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
554 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
555 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
556 </indexterm>
557 </listitem>
558 </varlistentry>
559
560 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
561 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
562 <listitem>
563 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
564 files</para>
565 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
566 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
567 </indexterm>
568 </listitem>
569 </varlistentry>
570
571 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
572 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
573 <listitem>
574 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
575 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
576 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
577 </indexterm>
578 </listitem>
579 </varlistentry>
580
581 <varlistentry id="ldd">
582 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
583 <listitem>
584 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
585 by each given program or shared library</para>
586 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
587 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
588 </indexterm>
589 </listitem>
590 </varlistentry>
591
592 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
593 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
594 <listitem>
595 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
596 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
597 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
598 </indexterm>
599 </listitem>
600 </varlistentry>
601
602 <varlistentry id="locale">
603 <term><command>locale</command></term>
604 <listitem>
605 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
606 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
607 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
608 </indexterm>
609 </listitem>
610 </varlistentry>
611
612 <varlistentry id="localedef">
613 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
614 <listitem>
615 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
616 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
617 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
618 </indexterm>
619 </listitem>
620 </varlistentry>
621
622 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
623 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
624 <listitem>
625 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
626 in human-readable format</para>
627 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
628 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
629 </indexterm>
630 </listitem>
631 </varlistentry>
632
633 <varlistentry id="nscd">
634 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
635 <listitem>
636 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
637 service requests</para>
638 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
639 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
640 </indexterm>
641 </listitem>
642 </varlistentry>
643
644 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
645 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
646 <listitem>
647 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
649 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
655 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
658 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
660 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
666 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
669 protocol</para>
670 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
671 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
672 </indexterm>
673 </listitem>
674 </varlistentry>
675
676 <varlistentry id="sln">
677 <term><command>sln</command></term>
678 <listitem>
679 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
681 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
687 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
691 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="sprof">
697 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
700 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
701 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
702 </indexterm>
703 </listitem>
704 </varlistentry>
705
706 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
707 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
708 <listitem>
709 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
710 the corresponding time zone description</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
712 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
718 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
721 executed function</para>
722 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
723 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
724 </indexterm>
725 </listitem>
726 </varlistentry>
727
728 <varlistentry id="zdump">
729 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
730 <listitem>
731 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
733 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="zic">
739 <term><command>zic</command></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
742 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
743 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
744 </indexterm>
745 </listitem>
746 </varlistentry>
747
748 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
749 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
750 <listitem>
751 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
752 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
753 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
754 </indexterm>
755 </listitem>
756 </varlistentry>
757
758 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
759 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
760 <listitem>
761 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
762 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
763 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
764 for more information</para>
765 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
766 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
767 </indexterm>
768 </listitem>
769 </varlistentry>
770
771 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
772 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
773 <listitem>
774 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
775 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
776 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
777 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
778 </indexterm>
779 </listitem>
780 </varlistentry>
781
782 <varlistentry id="libanl">
783 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
784 <listitem>
785 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
786 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
787 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
788 </indexterm>
789 </listitem>
790 </varlistentry>
791
792 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
793 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
794 <listitem>
795 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
796 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
798 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="libc">
804 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>The main C library</para>
807 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
808 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
809 </indexterm>
810 </listitem>
811 </varlistentry>
812
813 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
814 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
815 <listitem>
816 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
817 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
819 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
825 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>The cryptography library</para>
828 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
829 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
830 </indexterm>
831 </listitem>
832 </varlistentry>
833
834 <varlistentry id="libdl">
835 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
836 <listitem>
837 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
838 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
839 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
840 </indexterm>
841 </listitem>
842 </varlistentry>
843
844 <varlistentry id="libg">
845 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
846 <listitem>
847 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
848 library for <command>g++</command></para>
849 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
850 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
851 </indexterm>
852 </listitem>
853 </varlistentry>
854
855 <varlistentry id="libieee">
856 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
857 <listitem>
858 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
859 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
860 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
862 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="libm">
868 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>The mathematical library</para>
871 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
872 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
873 </indexterm>
874 </listitem>
875 </varlistentry>
876
877 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
878 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
879 <listitem>
880 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
881 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
882 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
883 </indexterm>
884 </listitem>
885 </varlistentry>
886
887 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
888 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
889 <listitem>
890 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
891 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
892 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
893 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
894 </indexterm>
895 </listitem>
896 </varlistentry>
897
898 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
899 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
900 <listitem>
901 <para>The network services library</para>
902 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
903 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
904 </indexterm>
905 </listitem>
906 </varlistentry>
907
908 <varlistentry id="libnss">
909 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
910 <listitem>
911 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
912 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
913 protocols, etc.</para>
914 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
915 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
916 </indexterm>
917 </listitem>
918 </varlistentry>
919
920 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
921 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
922 <listitem>
923 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
924 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
925 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
926 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
927 </indexterm>
928 </listitem>
929 </varlistentry>
930
931 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
932 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
933 <listitem>
934 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
935 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
936 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
937 </indexterm>
938 </listitem>
939 </varlistentry>
940
941 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
942 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
943 <listitem>
944 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
945 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
946 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
947 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
948 </indexterm>
949 </listitem>
950 </varlistentry>
951
952 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
953 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
954 <listitem>
955 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
956 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
957 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
958 </indexterm>
959 </listitem>
960 </varlistentry>
961
962 <varlistentry id="librt">
963 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
964 <listitem>
965 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
966 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
967 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
968 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
969 </indexterm>
970 </listitem>
971 </varlistentry>
972
973 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
974 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
975 <listitem>
976 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
977 multi-threaded programs</para>
978 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
979 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
980 </indexterm>
981 </listitem>
982 </varlistentry>
983
984 <varlistentry id="libutil">
985 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
986 <listitem>
987 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
988 many different Unix utilities</para>
989 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
990 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
991 </indexterm>
992 </listitem>
993 </varlistentry>
994
995 </variablelist>
996
997 </sect2>
998
999</sect1>
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