source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ d9c836b

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Last change on this file since d9c836b was d9c836b, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 12 years ago

Update glibc text removing noatime mount
caution and adding text regarding test issues.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9956 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64<!--
65 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
66
67 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70 avoid the problem:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73-->
74
75 <para>Fix a bug that causes the build to fail:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
78
79<!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
80 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
81 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
82 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
83 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
84 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
87sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
88 scripts/test-installation.pl
89unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
90
91 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
92 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
93 our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
94 fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
99 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
100 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
101 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
102 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
107 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
110cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
111<!--
112 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
113 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
114 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
117 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
118esac</userinput></screen>
119-->
120 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
123 --prefix=/usr \
124 --disable-profile \
125 --enable-add-ons \
126 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
127 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
128
129 <variablelist>
130 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
136 program from its default of <filename
137 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
138 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
139 </listitem>
140 </varlistentry>
141
142 </variablelist>
143
144 <para>Compile the package:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
147
148 <important>
149 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
150 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
151 </important>
152
153 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass, but you can generally ignore
154 any of the test failures listed below. Now test the build results:</para>
155
156<!-- cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata -->
157
158<screen><userinput remap="test">make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
159grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
162 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> and
163 <emphasis>conform/run-conformtest</emphasis> tests. In addition the Glibc
164 test suite is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the
165 most common issues:</para>
166
167 <itemizedlist>
168 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
169 <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
170 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
171 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
172 </listitem> -->
173 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
174
175 <listitem>
176 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
177 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>,
178 <emphasis>tst/tst-cputimer1</emphasis>, and
179 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
180 tests have been known to fail. The
181 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
182 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
183 </listitem>
184
185 <listitem>
186 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
187 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
188 authentic AMD processor.</para>
189 </listitem>
190
191 <!--
192 <listitem>
193 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
194 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
195 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
196 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
197 </listitem>
198 -->
199
200 <listitem>
201 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
202 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
203 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
204 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
205 make -k check</command>).</para>
206 </listitem>
207
208 <listitem>
209 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
210 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
211 </listitem>
212
213 </itemizedlist>
214
215 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
216 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
217 Prevent this warning with:</para>
218
219<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
220
221 <para>Install the package:</para>
222
223<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
224
225 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
226 default; these are required by several BLFS packages:</para>
227
228<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
229cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
230cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
231
232 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
233 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
234 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
235 skip important testcases.</para>
236
237 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
238 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
239 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
240 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
241 charset-independent locale definition with the
242 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
243 charmap definition and appends the result to the
244 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
245 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
246 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
247
248<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
249localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
250localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
251localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
252localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
253localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
254localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
255localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
256localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
257localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
258localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
259localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
260localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
261localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
262localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
263localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
264localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
265localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
266localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
267localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
268localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
269localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
270
271 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
272 character set.</para>
273
274 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
275 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
276 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
277 following time-consuming command:</para>
278
279<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
280
281 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
282 install locales not listed in the
283 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
284 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
285 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
286 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
287
288 </sect2>
289
290 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
291 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
292
293 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
294 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
295 </indexterm>
296
297 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
298 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300
301 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
302 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
303 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
304 also needs to be configured.</para>
305
306 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
307 following:</para>
308
309<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
310<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
311
312passwd: files
313group: files
314shadow: files
315
316hosts: files dns
317networks: files
318
319protocols: files
320services: files
321ethers: files
322rpc: files
323
324# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
325EOF</userinput></screen>
326
327 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
328<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
329
330mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right} &amp;&amp;
331
332for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
333 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
334 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
335 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
336 zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
337done
338
339cp -v zone.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo &amp;&amp;
340zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
341
342 <variablelist>
343 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
344
345 <varlistentry>
346 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
347 <listitem>
348 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
349 conventional to put these in both
350 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
351 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
352 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
353 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
354 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
355 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
356 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
357 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
358 results</para>
359 </listitem>
360 </varlistentry>
361 <varlistentry>
362 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
363 <listitem>
364 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
365 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
366 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
367 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
368 directory.</para>
369 </listitem>
370 </varlistentry>
371 <varlistentry>
372 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
373 <listitem>
374 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
375 </listitem>
376 </varlistentry>
377 </variablelist>
378
379
380 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
381 script:</para>
382
383<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
384
385 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
386 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
387 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
388 timezones listed in <filename
389 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
390 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
391 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
392
393 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
394 running:</para>
395
396<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
397 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
398
399 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
400 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
401
402 <variablelist>
403 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
404
405 <varlistentry>
406 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
407 <listitem>
408 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
409 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
410 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
411 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
412 single user mode.</para>
413 </listitem>
414 </varlistentry>
415
416 </variablelist>
417
418 </sect2>
419
420 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
421 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
422
423 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
424 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426
427 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
428 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
429 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
430 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
431 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
432 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
433 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
434 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
435 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
436 to contain additional libraries are <filename
437 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
438 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
439 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
440
441 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
442 following:</para>
443
444<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
445<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
446/usr/local/lib
447/opt/lib
448</literal>
449EOF</userinput></screen>
450
451 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
452 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
453 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
454 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
455
456<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
457<literal># Add an include directory
458include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
459</literal>
460EOF
461mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
462
463 </sect2>
464
465 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
466 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
467
468 <segmentedlist>
469 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
470 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
471 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
472
473 <seglistitem>
474 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
475 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
476 pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
477 zdump, and zic</seg>
478 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
479 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
480 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
481 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
482 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
483 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
484 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
485 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
486 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
487 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
488 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
489 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
490 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
491 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
492 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
493 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
494 </seglistitem>
495 </segmentedlist>
496
497 <variablelist>
498 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
499 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
500 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
501
502 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
503 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
504 <listitem>
505 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
506 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
507 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
508 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
509 </indexterm>
510 </listitem>
511 </varlistentry>
512
513 <varlistentry id="gencat">
514 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
515 <listitem>
516 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
517 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
518 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
519 </indexterm>
520 </listitem>
521 </varlistentry>
522
523 <varlistentry id="getconf">
524 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
525 <listitem>
526 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
527 specific variables</para>
528 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
529 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
530 </indexterm>
531 </listitem>
532 </varlistentry>
533
534 <varlistentry id="getent">
535 <term><command>getent</command></term>
536 <listitem>
537 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
538 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
539 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
540 </indexterm>
541 </listitem>
542 </varlistentry>
543
544 <varlistentry id="iconv">
545 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
546 <listitem>
547 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
548 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
549 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
550 </indexterm>
551 </listitem>
552 </varlistentry>
553
554 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
555 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
556 <listitem>
557 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
558 files</para>
559 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
560 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
561 </indexterm>
562 </listitem>
563 </varlistentry>
564
565 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
566 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
567 <listitem>
568 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
569 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
570 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
571 </indexterm>
572 </listitem>
573 </varlistentry>
574
575 <varlistentry id="ldd">
576 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
577 <listitem>
578 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
579 by each given program or shared library</para>
580 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
581 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
582 </indexterm>
583 </listitem>
584 </varlistentry>
585
586 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
587 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
588 <listitem>
589 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
590 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
591 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
592 </indexterm>
593 </listitem>
594 </varlistentry>
595
596 <varlistentry id="locale">
597 <term><command>locale</command></term>
598 <listitem>
599 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
600 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
601 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
602 </indexterm>
603 </listitem>
604 </varlistentry>
605
606 <varlistentry id="localedef">
607 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
608 <listitem>
609 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
610 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
611 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
612 </indexterm>
613 </listitem>
614 </varlistentry>
615
616 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
617 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
618 <listitem>
619 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
620 in human-readable format</para>
621 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
622 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
623 </indexterm>
624 </listitem>
625 </varlistentry>
626
627 <varlistentry id="nscd">
628 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
629 <listitem>
630 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
631 service requests</para>
632 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
633 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
634 </indexterm>
635 </listitem>
636 </varlistentry>
637
638 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
639 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
640 <listitem>
641 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
642 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
643 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
644 </indexterm>
645 </listitem>
646 </varlistentry>
647
648 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
649 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
650 <listitem>
651 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
652 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
653 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
654 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
655 </indexterm>
656 </listitem>
657 </varlistentry>
658
659 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
660 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
661 <listitem>
662 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
663 protocol</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
665 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="sln">
671 <term><command>sln</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
675 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
681 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
685 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="sprof">
691 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
694 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
695 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
696 </indexterm>
697 </listitem>
698 </varlistentry>
699
700 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
701 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
702 <listitem>
703 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
704 the corresponding time zone description</para>
705 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
706 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
707 </indexterm>
708 </listitem>
709 </varlistentry>
710
711 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
712 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
713 <listitem>
714 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
715 executed function</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
717 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="zdump">
723 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
727 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="zic">
733 <term><command>zic</command></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
737 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
743 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
746 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
747 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
748 </indexterm>
749 </listitem>
750 </varlistentry>
751
752 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
753 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
754 <listitem>
755 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
756 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
757 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
758 for more information</para>
759 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
760 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
761 </indexterm>
762 </listitem>
763 </varlistentry>
764
765 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
766 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
767 <listitem>
768 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
769 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
771 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="libanl">
777 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
781 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
787 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
790 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
792 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="libc">
798 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>The main C library</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
802 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
808 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
811 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
812 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
813 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
814 </indexterm>
815 </listitem>
816 </varlistentry>
817
818 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
819 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
820 <listitem>
821 <para>The cryptography library</para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
823 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="libdl">
829 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
832 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
833 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
834 </indexterm>
835 </listitem>
836 </varlistentry>
837
838 <varlistentry id="libg">
839 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
840 <listitem>
841 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
842 library for <command>g++</command></para>
843 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
844 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
845 </indexterm>
846 </listitem>
847 </varlistentry>
848
849 <varlistentry id="libieee">
850 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
851 <listitem>
852 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
853 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
854 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
855 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
856 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
857 </indexterm>
858 </listitem>
859 </varlistentry>
860
861 <varlistentry id="libm">
862 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
863 <listitem>
864 <para>The mathematical library</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
866 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
872 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
876 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
882 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
885 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
886 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
887 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
888 </indexterm>
889 </listitem>
890 </varlistentry>
891
892 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
893 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
894 <listitem>
895 <para>The network services library</para>
896 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
897 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
898 </indexterm>
899 </listitem>
900 </varlistentry>
901
902 <varlistentry id="libnss">
903 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
904 <listitem>
905 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
906 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
907 protocols, etc.</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
909 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
915 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
918 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
919 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
920 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
921 </indexterm>
922 </listitem>
923 </varlistentry>
924
925 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
926 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
927 <listitem>
928 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
930 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
936 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
939 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
941 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
947 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
950 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
951 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
952 </indexterm>
953 </listitem>
954 </varlistentry>
955
956 <varlistentry id="librt">
957 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
958 <listitem>
959 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
960 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
961 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
962 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
963 </indexterm>
964 </listitem>
965 </varlistentry>
966
967 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
968 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
969 <listitem>
970 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
971 multi-threaded programs</para>
972 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
973 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
974 </indexterm>
975 </listitem>
976 </varlistentry>
977
978 <varlistentry id="libutil">
979 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
980 <listitem>
981 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
982 many different Unix utilities</para>
983 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
984 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
985 </indexterm>
986 </listitem>
987 </varlistentry>
988
989 </variablelist>
990
991 </sect2>
992
993</sect1>
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