source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ e9aabce

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Last change on this file since e9aabce was e9aabce, checked in by Ken Moffat <ken@…>, 12 years ago

Correction to r9950, thanks to Jasmine Iwanek.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@9952 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64<!--
65 This should have been fixed a long time ago.
66
67 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70 avoid the problem:</para>
71
72<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73-->
74
75 <para>Fix a bug that causes the build to fail:</para>
76
77<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's#&lt;rpc/types.h&gt;#"rpc/types.h"#' sunrpc/rpc_clntout.c</userinput></screen>
78
79<!-- <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
80 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
81 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
82 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
83 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
84 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
87sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
88 scripts/test-installation.pl
89unset DL</userinput></screen>-->
90
91 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
92 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
93 our newly installed Glibc. However, it contains a bug that causes it to
94 fail, so prevent it from running by issuing the following command:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test-installation.pl/d' Makefile</userinput></screen>
97
98 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
99 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
100 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
101 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
102 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
103
104<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
107 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
108
109<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
110cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
111
112 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
113 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
114 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
117 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
118esac</userinput></screen>
119
120 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
121
122<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure \
123 --prefix=/usr \
124 --disable-profile \
125 --enable-add-ons \
126 --enable-kernel=2.6.25 \
127 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
128
129 <variablelist>
130 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
136 program from its default of <filename
137 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
138 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
139 </listitem>
140 </varlistentry>
141
142 </variablelist>
143
144 <para>Compile the package:</para>
145
146<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
147
148 <important>
149 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
150 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
151 </important>
152
153 <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
154 build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
155 results:</para>
156
157<screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
158make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
159grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
160
161 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
162 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
163 is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
164 common issues:</para>
165
166 <itemizedlist>
167 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
168 <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
169 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
170 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
171 </listitem> -->
172 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
173 <listitem>
174
175 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
176 <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, and
177 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
178 tests have been known to fail. The
179 reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
180 timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
181
182 </listitem>
183 <listitem>
184 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
185 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
186 authentic AMD processor.</para>
187 </listitem>
188 <listitem>
189 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
190 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
191 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
192 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
193 </listitem>
194 <listitem>
195 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
196 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
197 Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to
198 help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
199 make -k check</command>).</para>
200 </listitem>
201 <listitem>
202 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32,
203 misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
204 </listitem>
205 </itemizedlist>
206
207 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
208 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
209 Prevent this warning with:</para>
210
211<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
212
213 <para>Install the package:</para>
214
215<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
216
217 <para>Install NIS and RPC related headers that are not installed by
218 default; these are required by several BLFS packages:</para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpc/*.h /usr/include/rpc
221cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/sunrpc/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc
222cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/nis/rpcsvc/*.h /usr/include/rpcsvc</userinput></screen>
223
224 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
225 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
226 but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
227 skip important testcases.</para>
228
229 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
230 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
231 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
232 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
233 charset-independent locale definition with the
234 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
235 charmap definition and appends the result to the
236 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
237 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
238 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
239
240<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
241localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
242localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
243localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
244localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
245localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
246localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
247localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
248localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
249localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
250localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
251localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
252localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
253localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
254localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
255localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
256localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
257localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
258localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
259localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
260localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
261localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
262
263 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
264 character set.</para>
265
266 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
267 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
268 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
269 following time-consuming command:</para>
270
271<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
272
273 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
274 install locales not listed in the
275 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
276 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
277 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
278 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
279
280 </sect2>
281
282 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
283 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
284
285 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
286 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
287 </indexterm>
288
289 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
290 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
291 </indexterm>
292
293 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
294 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
295 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
296 also needs to be configured.</para>
297
298 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
299 following:</para>
300
301<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
302<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
303
304passwd: files
305group: files
306shadow: files
307
308hosts: files dns
309networks: files
310
311protocols: files
312services: files
313ethers: files
314rpc: files
315
316# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
317EOF</userinput></screen>
318
319 <para>Install timezone data:</para>
320<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
321
322mkdir -pv /usr/share/zoneinfo/{posix,right} &amp;&amp;
323
324for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
325 asia australasia backward pacificnew solar87 solar88 solar89 systemv; do
326 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
327 zic -L /dev/null -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz} &amp;&amp;
328 zic -L leapseconds -d /usr/share/zoneinfo/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
329done
330
331cp -v zone.tab /usr/share/zoneinfo &amp;&amp;
332zic -d /usr/share/zoneinfo -p America/New_York</userinput></screen>
333
334 <variablelist>
335 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
336
337 <varlistentry>
338 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
339 <listitem>
340 <para>This creates posix timezones, without any leap seconds. It is
341 conventional to put these in both
342 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
343 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
344 necessary to put the POSIX timezones in
345 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
346 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
347 tight and you do not intend to ever update the timezones, you could save
348 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
349 directory, but some applications or test-suites might give less good
350 results</para>
351 </listitem>
352 </varlistentry>
353 <varlistentry>
354 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
355 <listitem>
356 <para>This creates right timezones, including leap seconds. On an
357 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
358 ever update the timezones, or care about the correct time, you could
359 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
360 directory.</para>
361 </listitem>
362 </varlistentry>
363 <varlistentry>
364 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
365 <listitem>
366 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file.</para>
367 </listitem>
368 </varlistentry>
369 </variablelist>
370
371
372 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
373 script:</para>
374
375<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
376
377 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
378 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
379 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
380 timezones listed in <filename
381 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
382 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
383 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
384
385 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
386 running:</para>
387
388<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
389 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
390
391 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
392 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
393
394 <variablelist>
395 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
396
397 <varlistentry>
398 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
399 <listitem>
400 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
401 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
402 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
403 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
404 single user mode.</para>
405 </listitem>
406 </varlistentry>
407
408 </variablelist>
409
410 </sect2>
411
412 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
413 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
414
415 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
416 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
417 </indexterm>
418
419 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
420 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
421 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
422 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
423 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
424 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
425 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
426 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
427 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
428 to contain additional libraries are <filename
429 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
430 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
431 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
432
433 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
434 following:</para>
435
436<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
437<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
438/usr/local/lib
439/opt/lib
440</literal>
441EOF</userinput></screen>
442
443 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
444 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
445 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
446 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
447
448<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
449<literal># Add an include directory
450include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
451</literal>
452EOF
453mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
454
455 </sect2>
456
457 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
458 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
459
460 <segmentedlist>
461 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
462 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
463 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
464
465 <seglistitem>
466 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
467 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
468 pt_chown, rpcgen, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
469 zdump, and zic</seg>
470 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
471 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
472 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
473 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
474 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
475 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
476 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
477 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
478 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
479 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
480 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
481 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
482 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
483 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
484 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc,
485 /usr/lib/locale, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
486 </seglistitem>
487 </segmentedlist>
488
489 <variablelist>
490 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
491 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
492 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
493
494 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
495 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
496 <listitem>
497 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
498 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
500 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="gencat">
506 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
510 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="getconf">
516 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
519 specific variables</para>
520 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
521 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
522 </indexterm>
523 </listitem>
524 </varlistentry>
525
526 <varlistentry id="getent">
527 <term><command>getent</command></term>
528 <listitem>
529 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
531 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="iconv">
537 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
540 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
541 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
542 </indexterm>
543 </listitem>
544 </varlistentry>
545
546 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
547 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
548 <listitem>
549 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
550 files</para>
551 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
552 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
553 </indexterm>
554 </listitem>
555 </varlistentry>
556
557 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
558 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
559 <listitem>
560 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
562 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="ldd">
568 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
571 by each given program or shared library</para>
572 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
573 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
574 </indexterm>
575 </listitem>
576 </varlistentry>
577
578 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
579 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
580 <listitem>
581 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
583 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="locale">
589 <term><command>locale</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
593 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="localedef">
599 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
602 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
603 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
604 </indexterm>
605 </listitem>
606 </varlistentry>
607
608 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
609 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
610 <listitem>
611 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
612 in human-readable format</para>
613 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
614 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
615 </indexterm>
616 </listitem>
617 </varlistentry>
618
619 <varlistentry id="nscd">
620 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
621 <listitem>
622 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
623 service requests</para>
624 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
625 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
626 </indexterm>
627 </listitem>
628 </varlistentry>
629
630 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
631 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
632 <listitem>
633 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
634 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
635 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
636 </indexterm>
637 </listitem>
638 </varlistentry>
639
640 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
641 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
642 <listitem>
643 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
644 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
645 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
646 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
647 </indexterm>
648 </listitem>
649 </varlistentry>
650
651 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
652 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
653 <listitem>
654 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
655 protocol</para>
656 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
657 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
658 </indexterm>
659 </listitem>
660 </varlistentry>
661
662 <varlistentry id="sln">
663 <term><command>sln</command></term>
664 <listitem>
665 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
666 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
667 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
668 </indexterm>
669 </listitem>
670 </varlistentry>
671
672 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
673 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
674 <listitem>
675 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
676 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
677 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
678 </indexterm>
679 </listitem>
680 </varlistentry>
681
682 <varlistentry id="sprof">
683 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
684 <listitem>
685 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
686 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
687 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
688 </indexterm>
689 </listitem>
690 </varlistentry>
691
692 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
693 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
694 <listitem>
695 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
696 the corresponding time zone description</para>
697 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
698 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
699 </indexterm>
700 </listitem>
701 </varlistentry>
702
703 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
704 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
705 <listitem>
706 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
707 executed function</para>
708 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
709 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
710 </indexterm>
711 </listitem>
712 </varlistentry>
713
714 <varlistentry id="zdump">
715 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
716 <listitem>
717 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
718 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
719 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
720 </indexterm>
721 </listitem>
722 </varlistentry>
723
724 <varlistentry id="zic">
725 <term><command>zic</command></term>
726 <listitem>
727 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
728 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
729 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
730 </indexterm>
731 </listitem>
732 </varlistentry>
733
734 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
735 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
736 <listitem>
737 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
738 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
739 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
740 </indexterm>
741 </listitem>
742 </varlistentry>
743
744 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
745 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
746 <listitem>
747 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
748 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
749 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
750 for more information</para>
751 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
752 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
753 </indexterm>
754 </listitem>
755 </varlistentry>
756
757 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
758 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
759 <listitem>
760 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
761 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
762 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
763 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
764 </indexterm>
765 </listitem>
766 </varlistentry>
767
768 <varlistentry id="libanl">
769 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
770 <listitem>
771 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
772 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
773 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
774 </indexterm>
775 </listitem>
776 </varlistentry>
777
778 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
779 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
780 <listitem>
781 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
782 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
783 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
784 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
785 </indexterm>
786 </listitem>
787 </varlistentry>
788
789 <varlistentry id="libc">
790 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
791 <listitem>
792 <para>The main C library</para>
793 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
794 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
795 </indexterm>
796 </listitem>
797 </varlistentry>
798
799 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
800 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
801 <listitem>
802 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
803 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
804 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
805 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
806 </indexterm>
807 </listitem>
808 </varlistentry>
809
810 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
811 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
812 <listitem>
813 <para>The cryptography library</para>
814 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
815 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
816 </indexterm>
817 </listitem>
818 </varlistentry>
819
820 <varlistentry id="libdl">
821 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
822 <listitem>
823 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
824 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
825 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
826 </indexterm>
827 </listitem>
828 </varlistentry>
829
830 <varlistentry id="libg">
831 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
832 <listitem>
833 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
834 library for <command>g++</command></para>
835 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
836 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
837 </indexterm>
838 </listitem>
839 </varlistentry>
840
841 <varlistentry id="libieee">
842 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
843 <listitem>
844 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
845 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
846 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
847 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
848 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
849 </indexterm>
850 </listitem>
851 </varlistentry>
852
853 <varlistentry id="libm">
854 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
855 <listitem>
856 <para>The mathematical library</para>
857 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
858 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
859 </indexterm>
860 </listitem>
861 </varlistentry>
862
863 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
864 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
865 <listitem>
866 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
867 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
868 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
869 </indexterm>
870 </listitem>
871 </varlistentry>
872
873 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
874 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
875 <listitem>
876 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
877 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
878 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
879 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
880 </indexterm>
881 </listitem>
882 </varlistentry>
883
884 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
885 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
886 <listitem>
887 <para>The network services library</para>
888 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
889 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
890 </indexterm>
891 </listitem>
892 </varlistentry>
893
894 <varlistentry id="libnss">
895 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
896 <listitem>
897 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
898 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
899 protocols, etc.</para>
900 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
901 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
902 </indexterm>
903 </listitem>
904 </varlistentry>
905
906 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
907 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
908 <listitem>
909 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
910 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
911 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
912 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
913 </indexterm>
914 </listitem>
915 </varlistentry>
916
917 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
918 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
919 <listitem>
920 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
921 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
922 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
923 </indexterm>
924 </listitem>
925 </varlistentry>
926
927 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
928 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
929 <listitem>
930 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
931 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
932 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
933 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
934 </indexterm>
935 </listitem>
936 </varlistentry>
937
938 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
939 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
940 <listitem>
941 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
942 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
943 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
944 </indexterm>
945 </listitem>
946 </varlistentry>
947
948 <varlistentry id="librt">
949 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
950 <listitem>
951 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
952 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
953 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
954 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
955 </indexterm>
956 </listitem>
957 </varlistentry>
958
959 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
960 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
961 <listitem>
962 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
963 multi-threaded programs</para>
964 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
965 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
966 </indexterm>
967 </listitem>
968 </varlistentry>
969
970 <varlistentry id="libutil">
971 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
972 <listitem>
973 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
974 many different Unix utilities</para>
975 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
976 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
977 </indexterm>
978 </listitem>
979 </varlistentry>
980
981 </variablelist>
982
983 </sect2>
984
985</sect1>
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