source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ efca30a

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Last change on this file since efca30a was efca30a, checked in by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@…>, 6 years ago

Update to glibc-2.28.
Update to gdbm-1.17.
Update to linux-4.17.11.
Update to man-db-2.8.4.

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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note><para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
47 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
48 pointing to <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
49 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
50 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
51 of achieving a clean build.</para></note>
52
53 <para>Some of the Glibc programs use the non-FHS compilant
54 <filename class="directory">/var/db</filename> directory to store
55 their runtime data. Apply the following patch to make such programs
56 store their runtime data in the FHS-compliant locations:</para>
57
58<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fhs-patch;</userinput></screen>
59<!--
60 <para>Fix a minor security issue with glob functions:</para>
61
62<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-glob-patch;</userinput></screen>
63-->
64 <para>First create a compatibility symlink to avoid references to /tools in
65 our final glibc:</para>
66
67<screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sfv /tools/lib/gcc /usr/lib</userinput></screen>
68
69 <para>Determine the GCC include directory and create a symlink for LSB
70 compliance. Additionally, for x86_64, create a compatibility symlink
71 required for the dynamic loader to function correctly:</para>
72
73<screen><userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in
74 i?86) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
75 ln -sfv ld-linux.so.2 /lib/ld-lsb.so.3
76 ;;
77 x86_64) GCC_INCDIR=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
78 ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64
79 ln -sfv ../lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 /lib64/ld-lsb-x86-64.so.3
80 ;;
81esac</userinput></screen>
82
83 <para>Remove a file that may be left over from a previous build attempt:
84 </para>
85
86<screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -f /usr/include/limits.h</userinput></screen>
87
88 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc
89 in a dedicated build directory:</para>
90
91<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
92cd build</userinput></screen>
93
94 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
95
96<screen><userinput remap="configure">CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include" \
97../configure --prefix=/usr \
98 --disable-werror \
99 --enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
100 --enable-stack-protector=strong \
101 libc_cv_slibdir=/lib
102unset GCC_INCDIR</userinput></screen>
103
104 <variablelist>
105 <title>The meaning of the options and new configure parameters:</title>
106
107 <varlistentry>
108 <term><parameter>CC="gcc -isystem $GCC_INCDIR -isystem /usr/include"</parameter></term>
109 <listitem>
110 <para>Setting the location of both gcc and system include directories
111 avoids introduction of invalid paths in debugging symbols.</para>
112 </listitem>
113 </varlistentry>
114
115 <varlistentry>
116 <term><parameter>--disable-werror</parameter></term>
117 <listitem>
118 <para>This option disables the -Werror option passed to
119 GCC. This is necessary for running the test suite.</para>
120 </listitem>
121 </varlistentry>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>--enable-stack-protector=strong</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This option increases system security by adding
127 extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack
128 smashing attacks.</para>
129 </listitem>
130 </varlistentry>
131
132 <varlistentry>
133 <term><parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter></term>
134 <listitem>
135 <para>This variable sets the correct library for all
136 systems. We do not want lib64 to be used.</para>
137 </listitem>
138 </varlistentry>
139
140 </variablelist>
141
142 <para>Compile the package:</para>
143
144<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
145
146 <important>
147 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
148 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
149 </important>
150
151 <para>Generally a few tests do not pass. The test failures listed below
152 are usually safe to ignore.</para>
153
154<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
155
156 <para>You may see some test failures. The Glibc test suite is
157 somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most common
158 issues seen for some versions of LFS:</para>
159
160 <itemizedlist>
161
162 <listitem>
163 <para><emphasis>misc/tst-ttyname</emphasis>
164 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
165 </listitem>
166
167 <listitem>
168 <para><emphasis>inet/tst-idna_name_classify</emphasis>
169 is known to fail in the LFS chroot environment.</para>
170 </listitem>
171
172 <listitem>
173 <para><emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo4</emphasis> and
174 <emphasis>posix/tst-getaddrinfo5</emphasis>
175 may fail on some architectures.</para>
176 </listitem>
177
178 <listitem>
179 <para>The <emphasis>nss/tst-nss-files-hosts-multi</emphasis>
180 test may fail for reasons that have not been determined.</para>
181 </listitem>
182
183<!--
184 <listitem>
185 <para>The <emphasis>rt/tst-cputimer1</emphasis> and
186 <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis> tests have been known to
187 fail. The reason is not completely understood, but indications are
188 that minor timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
189 </listitem>
190-->
191 <listitem>
192 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
193 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new Intel or
194 AMD processor.</para>
195 </listitem>
196<!--
197 <listitem>
198 <para>The
199 <emphasis>nptl/tst-thread-affinity-{pthread,pthread2,sched}</emphasis>
200 tests may fail for reasons that have not been determined. </para>
201 </listitem>
202
203 <listitem>
204 <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are
205 malloc/tst-malloc-usable and nptl/tst-cleanupx4. </para>
206 </listitem>
207-->
208 </itemizedlist>
209
210 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
211 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
212 Prevent this warning with:</para>
213
214<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
215
216 <para>Fix the generated Makefile to skip an unneeded sanity check
217 that fails in the LFS partial environment:
218 </para>
219
220<screen><userinput remap="install">sed '/test-installation/s@$(PERL)@echo not running@' -i ../Makefile</userinput></screen>
221
222 <para>Install the package:</para>
223
224<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
225
226 <para>Install the configuration file and runtime directory for
227 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
228
229<screen><userinput remap="install">cp -v ../nscd/nscd.conf /etc/nscd.conf
230mkdir -pv /var/cache/nscd</userinput></screen>
231
232 <para revision="systemd">Install the systemd support files for
233 <command>nscd</command>:</para>
234
235 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="install">install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.tmpfiles /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/nscd.conf
236install -v -Dm644 ../nscd/nscd.service /lib/systemd/system/nscd.service</userinput></screen>
237
238 <para>Next, install the locales that can make the system respond in a
239 different language. None of the locales are required, but if some of them
240 are missing, the test suites of future packages would skip important
241 testcases.</para>
242
243 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
244 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
245 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
246 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
247 charset-independent locale definition with the
248 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
249 charmap definition and appends the result to the
250 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
251 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
252 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
253
254<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
255localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
256localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
257localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
258localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
259localedef -i en_GB -f UTF-8 en_GB.UTF-8
260localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
261localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
262localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
263localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
264localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
265localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
266localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
267localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
268localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
269localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
270localedef -i it_IT -f UTF-8 it_IT.UTF-8
271localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
272localedef -i ru_RU -f KOI8-R ru_RU.KOI8-R
273localedef -i ru_RU -f UTF-8 ru_RU.UTF-8
274localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
275localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
276
277 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
278 character set.</para>
279
280 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
281 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
282 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
283 following time-consuming command:</para>
284
285<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
286
287 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
288 install locales not listed in the
289 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
290 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
291
292 </sect2>
293
294 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
295 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
296
297 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
298 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
299 </indexterm>
300
301 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
302 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
303 </indexterm>
304
305 <sect3>
306 <title>Adding nsswitch.conf</title>
307
308 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
309 because the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment.
310 </para>
311
312 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
313 following:</para>
314
315<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
316<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
317
318passwd: files
319group: files
320shadow: files
321
322hosts: files dns
323networks: files
324
325protocols: files
326services: files
327ethers: files
328rpc: files
329
330# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
331EOF</userinput></screen>
332
333 </sect3>
334
335 <sect3>
336 <title>Adding time zone data</title>
337
338 <para>Install and set up the time zone data with the following:</para>
339<screen><userinput>tar -xf ../../tzdata&tzdata-version;.tar.gz
340
341ZONEINFO=/usr/share/zoneinfo
342mkdir -pv $ZONEINFO/{posix,right}
343
344for tz in etcetera southamerica northamerica europe africa antarctica \
345 asia australasia backward pacificnew systemv; do
346 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
347 zic -L /dev/null -d $ZONEINFO/posix -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
348 zic -L leapseconds -d $ZONEINFO/right -y "sh yearistype.sh" ${tz}
349done
350
351cp -v zone.tab zone1970.tab iso3166.tab $ZONEINFO
352zic -d $ZONEINFO -p America/New_York
353unset ZONEINFO</userinput></screen>
354
355 <variablelist>
356 <title>The meaning of the zic commands:</title>
357
358 <varlistentry>
359 <term><parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter></term>
360 <listitem>
361 <para>This creates posix time zones, without any leap seconds. It is
362 conventional to put these in both
363 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and
364 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is
365 necessary to put the POSIX time zones in
366 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various
367 test-suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is
368 tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save
369 1.9MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename>
370 directory, but some applications or test-suites might produce some
371 failures.</para>
372 </listitem>
373 </varlistentry>
374 <varlistentry>
375 <term><parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter></term>
376 <listitem>
377 <para>This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an
378 embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to
379 ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could
380 save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename>
381 directory.</para>
382 </listitem>
383 </varlistentry>
384 <varlistentry>
385 <term><parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter></term>
386 <listitem>
387 <para>This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use
388 New York because POSIX requires the daylight savings time rules
389 to be in accordance with US rules.</para>
390 </listitem>
391 </varlistentry>
392 </variablelist>
393
394
395 <para>One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following
396 script:</para>
397
398<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
399
400 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
401 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
402 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
403 time zones listed in <filename
404 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
405 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
406 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
407
408 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
409 running:</para>
410
411<screen revision="sysv"><userinput>cp -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
412
413<screen revision="systemd"><userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
414
415 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
416 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
417
418 </sect3>
419
420 <sect3 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
421 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
422
423 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
424 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
425 </indexterm>
426
427 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
428 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
429 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
430 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
431 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
432 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
433 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
434 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
435 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
436 to contain additional libraries are <filename
437 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
438 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
439 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
440
441 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
442 following:</para>
443
444<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
445<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
446/usr/local/lib
447/opt/lib
448</literal>
449EOF</userinput></screen>
450
451 <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
452 include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in
453 this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
454 To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
455
456<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
457<literal># Add an include directory
458include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
459</literal>
460EOF
461mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
462
463 </sect3>
464 </sect2>
465
466 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
467 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
468
469 <segmentedlist>
470 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
471 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
472 <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
473
474 <seglistitem>
475 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
476 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd,
477 pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
478 zdump, and zic</seg>
479 <seg>ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
480 libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
481 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
482 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
483 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
484 libnss_nisplus.so, libpthread.{a,so},
485 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
486 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
487 <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
488 /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
489 /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
490 /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
491 /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
492 /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
493 /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale,
494 /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo,
495 /var/cache/nscd, and /var/lib/nss_db</seg>
496 </seglistitem>
497 </segmentedlist>
498
499 <variablelist>
500 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
501 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
502 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
503
504 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
505 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
506 <listitem>
507 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
508 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
509 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
510 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
511 </indexterm>
512 </listitem>
513 </varlistentry>
514
515 <varlistentry id="gencat">
516 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
517 <listitem>
518 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
519 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
520 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
521 </indexterm>
522 </listitem>
523 </varlistentry>
524
525 <varlistentry id="getconf">
526 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
527 <listitem>
528 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
529 specific variables</para>
530 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
531 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
532 </indexterm>
533 </listitem>
534 </varlistentry>
535
536 <varlistentry id="getent">
537 <term><command>getent</command></term>
538 <listitem>
539 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
540 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
541 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
542 </indexterm>
543 </listitem>
544 </varlistentry>
545
546 <varlistentry id="iconv">
547 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
548 <listitem>
549 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
550 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
551 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
552 </indexterm>
553 </listitem>
554 </varlistentry>
555
556 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
557 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
558 <listitem>
559 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
560 files</para>
561 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
562 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
563 </indexterm>
564 </listitem>
565 </varlistentry>
566
567 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
568 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
569 <listitem>
570 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
571 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
572 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
573 </indexterm>
574 </listitem>
575 </varlistentry>
576
577 <varlistentry id="ldd">
578 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
579 <listitem>
580 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
581 by each given program or shared library</para>
582 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
583 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
584 </indexterm>
585 </listitem>
586 </varlistentry>
587
588 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
589 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
590 <listitem>
591 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
592 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
593 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
594 </indexterm>
595 </listitem>
596 </varlistentry>
597
598 <varlistentry id="locale">
599 <term><command>locale</command></term>
600 <listitem>
601 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
602 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
603 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
604 </indexterm>
605 </listitem>
606 </varlistentry>
607
608 <varlistentry id="localedef">
609 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
610 <listitem>
611 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
612 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
613 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
614 </indexterm>
615 </listitem>
616 </varlistentry>
617
618 <varlistentry id="makedb">
619 <term><command>makedb</command></term>
620 <listitem>
621 <para>Creates a simple database from textual input</para>
622 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc makedb">
623 <primary sortas="b-makedb">makedb</primary>
624 </indexterm>
625 </listitem>
626 </varlistentry>
627
628 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
629 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
630 <listitem>
631 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
632 in human-readable format</para>
633 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
634 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
635 </indexterm>
636 </listitem>
637 </varlistentry>
638
639 <varlistentry id="nscd">
640 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
641 <listitem>
642 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
643 service requests</para>
644 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
645 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
646 </indexterm>
647 </listitem>
648 </varlistentry>
649
650 <varlistentry id="pldd">
651 <term><command>pldd</command></term>
652 <listitem>
653 <para>Lists dynamic shared objects used by running processes</para>
654 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pldd">
655 <primary sortas="b-pldd">pldd</primary>
656 </indexterm>
657 </listitem>
658 </varlistentry>
659
660 <varlistentry id="sln">
661 <term><command>sln</command></term>
662 <listitem>
663 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
664 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
665 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
666 </indexterm>
667 </listitem>
668 </varlistentry>
669
670 <varlistentry id="sotruss">
671 <term><command>sotruss</command></term>
672 <listitem>
673 <para>Traces shared library procedure calls of a specified command</para>
674 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sotruss">
675 <primary sortas="b-sotruss">sotruss</primary>
676 </indexterm>
677 </listitem>
678 </varlistentry>
679
680 <varlistentry id="sprof">
681 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
682 <listitem>
683 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
684 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
685 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
686 </indexterm>
687 </listitem>
688 </varlistentry>
689
690 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
691 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
692 <listitem>
693 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
694 the corresponding time zone description</para>
695 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
696 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
697 </indexterm>
698 </listitem>
699 </varlistentry>
700
701 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
702 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
703 <listitem>
704 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
705 executed function</para>
706 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
707 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
708 </indexterm>
709 </listitem>
710 </varlistentry>
711
712 <varlistentry id="zdump">
713 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
714 <listitem>
715 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
716 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
717 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
718 </indexterm>
719 </listitem>
720 </varlistentry>
721
722 <varlistentry id="zic">
723 <term><command>zic</command></term>
724 <listitem>
725 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
726 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
727 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
728 </indexterm>
729 </listitem>
730 </varlistentry>
731
732 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
733 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld-&glibc-version;.so</filename></term>
734 <listitem>
735 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
736 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
737 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld-&glibc-version;.so</primary>
738 </indexterm>
739 </listitem>
740 </varlistentry>
741
742 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
743 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
744 <listitem>
745 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
746 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
747 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
748 for more information</para>
749 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
750 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
751 </indexterm>
752 </listitem>
753 </varlistentry>
754
755 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
756 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
757 <listitem>
758 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
759 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
760 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
761 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
762 </indexterm>
763 </listitem>
764 </varlistentry>
765
766 <varlistentry id="libanl">
767 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
768 <listitem>
769 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
770 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
771 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
772 </indexterm>
773 </listitem>
774 </varlistentry>
775
776 <varlistentry id="libc">
777 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
778 <listitem>
779 <para>The main C library</para>
780 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
781 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
782 </indexterm>
783 </listitem>
784 </varlistentry>
785
786 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
787 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
788 <listitem>
789 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
790 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
791 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
792 <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
793 </indexterm>
794 </listitem>
795 </varlistentry>
796
797 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
798 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
799 <listitem>
800 <para>The cryptography library</para>
801 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
802 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
803 </indexterm>
804 </listitem>
805 </varlistentry>
806
807 <varlistentry id="libdl">
808 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
809 <listitem>
810 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
811 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
812 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
813 </indexterm>
814 </listitem>
815 </varlistentry>
816
817 <varlistentry id="libg">
818 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
819 <listitem>
820 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
821 library for <command>g++</command></para>
822 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
823 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
824 </indexterm>
825 </listitem>
826 </varlistentry>
827
828 <varlistentry id="libieee">
829 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
830 <listitem>
831 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
832 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
833 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
834 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
835 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
836 </indexterm>
837 </listitem>
838 </varlistentry>
839
840 <varlistentry id="libm">
841 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
842 <listitem>
843 <para>The mathematical library</para>
844 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
845 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
846 </indexterm>
847 </listitem>
848 </varlistentry>
849
850 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
851 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
852 <listitem>
853 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
854 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
855 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
856 </indexterm>
857 </listitem>
858 </varlistentry>
859
860 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
861 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
862 <listitem>
863 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
864 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
865 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
866 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
867 </indexterm>
868 </listitem>
869 </varlistentry>
870
871 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
872 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
873 <listitem>
874 <para>The network services library</para>
875 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
876 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
877 </indexterm>
878 </listitem>
879 </varlistentry>
880
881 <varlistentry id="libnss">
882 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
883 <listitem>
884 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
885 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
886 protocols, etc.</para>
887 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
888 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
889 </indexterm>
890 </listitem>
891 </varlistentry>
892
893 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
894 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
895 <listitem>
896 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
897 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
898 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
899 </indexterm>
900 </listitem>
901 </varlistentry>
902
903 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
904 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
905 <listitem>
906 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
907 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
908 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
909 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
910 </indexterm>
911 </listitem>
912 </varlistentry>
913
914 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
915 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
916 <listitem>
917 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
918 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
919 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
920 </indexterm>
921 </listitem>
922 </varlistentry>
923
924 <varlistentry id="librt">
925 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
926 <listitem>
927 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
928 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
929 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
930 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
931 </indexterm>
932 </listitem>
933 </varlistentry>
934
935 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
936 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
937 <listitem>
938 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
939 multi-threaded programs</para>
940 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
941 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
942 </indexterm>
943 </listitem>
944 </varlistentry>
945
946 <varlistentry id="libutil">
947 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
948 <listitem>
949 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
950 many different Unix utilities</para>
951 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
952 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
953 </indexterm>
954 </listitem>
955 </varlistentry>
956
957 </variablelist>
958
959 </sect2>
960
961</sect1>
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