source: chapter06/glibc.xml@ f32421a

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Last change on this file since f32421a was f32421a, checked in by Matthew Burgess <matthew@…>, 15 years ago

Shorten the linker adjustment command in chapter 6. Fixes #2404.

git-svn-id: ​http://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/LFS/trunk/BOOK@8900 4aa44e1e-78dd-0310-a6d2-fbcd4c07a689
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1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5 %general-entities;
6]>
7
8<sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9 <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
10
11 <sect1info condition="script">
12 <productname>glibc</productname>
13 <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14 <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15 </sect1info>
16
17 <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
18
19 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20 <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21 </indexterm>
22
23 <sect2 role="package">
24 <title/>
25
26 <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27 the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28 closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29 arithmetic, and so on.</para>
30
31 <segmentedlist>
32 <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33 <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
34
35 <seglistitem>
36 <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37 <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38 </seglistitem>
39 </segmentedlist>
40
41 </sect2>
42
43 <sect2 role="installation">
44 <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
45
46 <note>
47 <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48 order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49 home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50 <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51 implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52 implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53 an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54 Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55 </note>
56
57 <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58 perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59 pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60 and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61 Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62 of achieving a clean build.</para>
63
64 <para>The glibc-libidn tarball adds support for internationalized domain
65 names (IDN) to Glibc. Many programs that support IDN require the full
66 <filename class="libraryfile">libidn</filename> library, not this add-on (see
67 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/general/libidn.html"/>).
68 Unpack the tarball from within the Glibc source directory:</para>
69
70<screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xvf ../glibc-libidn-&glibc-version;.tar.bz2
71mv glibc-libidn-&glibc-version; libidn</userinput></screen>
72
73 <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
74 loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
75 bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
76 avoid the problem:</para>
77
78<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
79
80 <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
81 <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
82 our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
83 the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
84 test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
85 to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
86
87<screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
88sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
89 scripts/test-installation.pl
90unset DL</userinput></screen>
91
92 <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
93 syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
94 in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
95 <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
96 chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
97
98<screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
99
100 <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
101 directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
102
103<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
104cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
105
106 <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
107 Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
108 enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
109
110<screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
111 i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
112esac</userinput></screen>
113
114 <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
115
116<screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
117 --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
118 --enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
119
120 <variablelist>
121 <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
122
123 <varlistentry>
124 <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
125 <listitem>
126 <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
127 program from its default of <filename
128 class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
129 class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
130 </listitem>
131 </varlistentry>
132
133 </variablelist>
134
135 <para>Compile the package:</para>
136
137<screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
138
139 <important>
140 <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
141 Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
142 </important>
143
144 <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
145 build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
146 results:</para>
147
148<screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
149make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
150grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
151
152 <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
153 <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test. In addition the Glibc test suite
154 is somewhat dependent on the host system. This is a list of the most
155 common issues:</para>
156
157 <itemizedlist>
158 <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
159 <listitem>
160 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
161 using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
162 </listitem>
163 <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6 -->
164 <listitem>
165 <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis> and
166 <emphasis>tst-attr3</emphasis> tests sometimes
167 fail. The reason is not completely understood, but indications
168 are that a heavy system load can trigger these failures.</para>
169 </listitem>
170 <listitem>
171 <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
172 systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
173 authentic AMD processor.</para>
174 </listitem>
175 <listitem>
176 <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
177 <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
178 test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
179 use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
180 </listitem>
181 <listitem>
182 <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
183 load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.</para>
184 </listitem>
185 </itemizedlist>
186
187 <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
188 complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
189 Prevent this warning with:</para>
190
191<screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
192
193 <para>Install the package:</para>
194
195<screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
196
197 <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
198 were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
199 but if some of them are missing, testsuites of the future packages would
200 skip important testcases.</para>
201
202 <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
203 <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
204 <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
205 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
206 charset-independent locale definition with the
207 <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
208 charmap definition and appends the result to the
209 <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
210 The following instructions will install the minimum set of
211 locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
212
213<screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
214localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
215localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
216localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
217localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
218localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
219localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
220localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
221localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
222localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
223localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
224localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
225localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
226localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
227localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
228localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
229localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
230localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
231
232 <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
233 character set.</para>
234
235 <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
236 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
237 (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
238 following time-consuming command:</para>
239
240<screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
241
242 <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
243 install locales not listed in the
244 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
245 in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
246 <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
247 running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
248
249 </sect2>
250
251 <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
252 <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
253
254 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
255 <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
256 </indexterm>
257
258 <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
259 <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
260 </indexterm>
261
262 <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
263 because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
264 the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
265 also needs to be configured.</para>
266
267 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
268 following:</para>
269
270<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
271<literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
272
273passwd: files
274group: files
275shadow: files
276
277hosts: files dns
278networks: files
279
280protocols: files
281services: files
282ethers: files
283rpc: files
284
285# End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
286EOF</userinput></screen>
287
288 <para>One way to determine the local time zone, run the following
289 script:</para>
290
291<screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
292
293 <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
294 output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
295 <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
296 timezones listed in <filename
297 class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
298 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
299 are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
300
301 <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
302 running:</para>
303
304<screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
305 /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
306
307 <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
308 time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
309
310 <variablelist>
311 <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
312
313 <varlistentry>
314 <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
315 <listitem>
316 <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
317 link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
318 cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
319 is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
320 single user mode.</para>
321 </listitem>
322 </varlistentry>
323
324 </variablelist>
325
326 </sect2>
327
328 <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
329 <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
330
331 <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
332 <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
333 </indexterm>
334
335 <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
336 class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
337 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
338 class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
339 needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
340 directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
341 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
342 to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
343 dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
344 to contain additional libraries are <filename
345 class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
346 class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
347 dynamic loader's search path.</para>
348
349 <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
350 following:</para>
351
352<screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
353<literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
354
355/usr/local/lib
356/opt/lib
357
358# End /etc/ld.so.conf</literal>
359EOF</userinput></screen>
360
361 </sect2>
362
363 <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
364 <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
365
366 <segmentedlist>
367 <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
368 <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
369
370 <seglistitem>
371 <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
372 ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
373 pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
374 zdump, and zic</seg>
375 <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
376 libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
377 libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
378 libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
379 libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
380 libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
381 libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
382 libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
383 </seglistitem>
384 </segmentedlist>
385
386 <variablelist>
387 <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
388 <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
389 <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
390
391 <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
392 <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
393 <listitem>
394 <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
395 terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
396 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
397 <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
398 </indexterm>
399 </listitem>
400 </varlistentry>
401
402 <varlistentry id="gencat">
403 <term><command>gencat</command></term>
404 <listitem>
405 <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
406 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
407 <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
408 </indexterm>
409 </listitem>
410 </varlistentry>
411
412 <varlistentry id="getconf">
413 <term><command>getconf</command></term>
414 <listitem>
415 <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
416 specific variables</para>
417 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
418 <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
419 </indexterm>
420 </listitem>
421 </varlistentry>
422
423 <varlistentry id="getent">
424 <term><command>getent</command></term>
425 <listitem>
426 <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
427 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
428 <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
429 </indexterm>
430 </listitem>
431 </varlistentry>
432
433 <varlistentry id="iconv">
434 <term><command>iconv</command></term>
435 <listitem>
436 <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
437 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
438 <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
439 </indexterm>
440 </listitem>
441 </varlistentry>
442
443 <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
444 <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
445 <listitem>
446 <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
447 files</para>
448 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
449 <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
450 </indexterm>
451 </listitem>
452 </varlistentry>
453
454 <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
455 <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
456 <listitem>
457 <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
458 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
459 <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
460 </indexterm>
461 </listitem>
462 </varlistentry>
463
464 <varlistentry id="ldd">
465 <term><command>ldd</command></term>
466 <listitem>
467 <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
468 by each given program or shared library</para>
469 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
470 <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
471 </indexterm>
472 </listitem>
473 </varlistentry>
474
475 <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
476 <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
477 <listitem>
478 <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
479 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
480 <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
481 </indexterm>
482 </listitem>
483 </varlistentry>
484
485 <varlistentry id="locale">
486 <term><command>locale</command></term>
487 <listitem>
488 <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
489 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
490 <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
491 </indexterm>
492 </listitem>
493 </varlistentry>
494
495 <varlistentry id="localedef">
496 <term><command>localedef</command></term>
497 <listitem>
498 <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
499 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
500 <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
501 </indexterm>
502 </listitem>
503 </varlistentry>
504
505 <varlistentry id="mtrace">
506 <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
507 <listitem>
508 <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
509 in human-readable format</para>
510 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
511 <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
512 </indexterm>
513 </listitem>
514 </varlistentry>
515
516 <varlistentry id="nscd">
517 <term><command>nscd</command></term>
518 <listitem>
519 <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
520 service requests</para>
521 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
522 <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
523 </indexterm>
524 </listitem>
525 </varlistentry>
526
527 <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
528 <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
529 <listitem>
530 <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
531 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
532 <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
533 </indexterm>
534 </listitem>
535 </varlistentry>
536
537 <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
538 <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
539 <listitem>
540 <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
541 group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
542 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
543 <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
544 </indexterm>
545 </listitem>
546 </varlistentry>
547
548 <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
549 <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
550 <listitem>
551 <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
552 protocol</para>
553 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
554 <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
555 </indexterm>
556 </listitem>
557 </varlistentry>
558
559 <varlistentry id="rpcinfo">
560 <term><command>rpcinfo</command></term>
561 <listitem>
562 <para>Makes an RPC call to an RPC server</para>
563 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcinfo">
564 <primary sortas="b-rpcinfo">rpcinfo</primary>
565 </indexterm>
566 </listitem>
567 </varlistentry>
568
569 <varlistentry id="sln">
570 <term><command>sln</command></term>
571 <listitem>
572 <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
573 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
574 <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
575 </indexterm>
576 </listitem>
577 </varlistentry>
578
579 <varlistentry id="sprof">
580 <term><command>sprof</command></term>
581 <listitem>
582 <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
583 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
584 <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
585 </indexterm>
586 </listitem>
587 </varlistentry>
588
589 <varlistentry id="tzselect">
590 <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
591 <listitem>
592 <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
593 the corresponding time zone description</para>
594 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
595 <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
596 </indexterm>
597 </listitem>
598 </varlistentry>
599
600 <varlistentry id="xtrace">
601 <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
602 <listitem>
603 <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
604 executed function</para>
605 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
606 <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
607 </indexterm>
608 </listitem>
609 </varlistentry>
610
611 <varlistentry id="zdump">
612 <term><command>zdump</command></term>
613 <listitem>
614 <para>The time zone dumper</para>
615 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
616 <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
617 </indexterm>
618 </listitem>
619 </varlistentry>
620
621 <varlistentry id="zic">
622 <term><command>zic</command></term>
623 <listitem>
624 <para>The time zone compiler</para>
625 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
626 <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
627 </indexterm>
628 </listitem>
629 </varlistentry>
630
631 <varlistentry id="ld.so">
632 <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
633 <listitem>
634 <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
635 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
636 <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
637 </indexterm>
638 </listitem>
639 </varlistentry>
640
641 <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
642 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
643 <listitem>
644 <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
645 (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
646 <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
647 for more information</para>
648 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
649 <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
650 </indexterm>
651 </listitem>
652 </varlistentry>
653
654 <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
655 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
656 <listitem>
657 <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
658 <command>catchsegv</command></para>
659 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
660 <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
661 </indexterm>
662 </listitem>
663 </varlistentry>
664
665 <varlistentry id="libanl">
666 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
667 <listitem>
668 <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
669 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
670 <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
671 </indexterm>
672 </listitem>
673 </varlistentry>
674
675 <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
676 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
677 <listitem>
678 <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
679 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
680 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
681 <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
682 </indexterm>
683 </listitem>
684 </varlistentry>
685
686 <varlistentry id="libc">
687 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
688 <listitem>
689 <para>The main C library</para>
690 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
691 <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
692 </indexterm>
693 </listitem>
694 </varlistentry>
695
696 <varlistentry id="libcidn">
697 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
698 <listitem>
699 <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
700 names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
701 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
702 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
703 </indexterm>
704 </listitem>
705 </varlistentry>
706
707 <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
708 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
709 <listitem>
710 <para>The cryptography library</para>
711 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
712 <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
713 </indexterm>
714 </listitem>
715 </varlistentry>
716
717 <varlistentry id="libdl">
718 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
719 <listitem>
720 <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
721 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
722 <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
723 </indexterm>
724 </listitem>
725 </varlistentry>
726
727 <varlistentry id="libg">
728 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
729 <listitem>
730 <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
731 library for <command>g++</command></para>
732 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
733 <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
734 </indexterm>
735 </listitem>
736 </varlistentry>
737
738 <varlistentry id="libieee">
739 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
740 <listitem>
741 <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
742 functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
743 Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
744 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
745 <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
746 </indexterm>
747 </listitem>
748 </varlistentry>
749
750 <varlistentry id="libm">
751 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
752 <listitem>
753 <para>The mathematical library</para>
754 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
755 <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
756 </indexterm>
757 </listitem>
758 </varlistentry>
759
760 <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
761 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
762 <listitem>
763 <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
764 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
765 <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
766 </indexterm>
767 </listitem>
768 </varlistentry>
769
770 <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
771 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
772 <listitem>
773 <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
774 information about the memory usage of a program</para>
775 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
776 <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
777 </indexterm>
778 </listitem>
779 </varlistentry>
780
781 <varlistentry id="libnsl">
782 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
783 <listitem>
784 <para>The network services library</para>
785 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
786 <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
787 </indexterm>
788 </listitem>
789 </varlistentry>
790
791 <varlistentry id="libnss">
792 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
793 <listitem>
794 <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
795 resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
796 protocols, etc.</para>
797 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
798 <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
799 </indexterm>
800 </listitem>
801 </varlistentry>
802
803 <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
804 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
805 <listitem>
806 <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
807 time spent in specific source code lines</para>
808 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
809 <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
810 </indexterm>
811 </listitem>
812 </varlistentry>
813
814 <varlistentry id="libpthread">
815 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
816 <listitem>
817 <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
818 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
819 <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
820 </indexterm>
821 </listitem>
822 </varlistentry>
823
824 <varlistentry id="libresolv">
825 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
826 <listitem>
827 <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
828 packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
829 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
830 <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
831 </indexterm>
832 </listitem>
833 </varlistentry>
834
835 <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
836 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
837 <listitem>
838 <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
839 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
840 <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
841 </indexterm>
842 </listitem>
843 </varlistentry>
844
845 <varlistentry id="librt">
846 <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
847 <listitem>
848 <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
849 by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
850 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
851 <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
852 </indexterm>
853 </listitem>
854 </varlistentry>
855
856 <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
857 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
858 <listitem>
859 <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
860 multi-threaded programs</para>
861 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
862 <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
863 </indexterm>
864 </listitem>
865 </varlistentry>
866
867 <varlistentry id="libutil">
868 <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
869 <listitem>
870 <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
871 many different Unix utilities</para>
872 <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
873 <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
874 </indexterm>
875 </listitem>
876 </varlistentry>
877
878 </variablelist>
879
880 </sect2>
881
882</sect1>
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