1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-bootable-temp" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="grub-cfg.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>grub</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&grub-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&grub-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Making the Temporary System Bootable</title>
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18 |
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19 | <sect2>
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20 | <title>Introduction</title>
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21 |
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22 | <para>In a normal LFS building procedure, we will chroot into the
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23 | temporary system and continue to build additional temporary tools.
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24 | But, as we've explained, in the Cross Edition we need to make the
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25 | temporary system bootable and boot it on the target system.</para>
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26 | </sect2>
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27 |
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28 | <sect2>
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29 | <title>Creating the GRUB Configuration File</title>
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30 |
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31 | <para>Generate <filename>$LFS/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:</para>
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32 |
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33 | <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/boot/grub
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34 | cat > $LFS/boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
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35 | <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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36 | set default=0
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37 | set timeout=5
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38 |
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39 | menuentry "LFS Temporary System" {
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40 | linux /vmlinuz root=/dev/sda3 rw init=/bin/bash
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41 | boot
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42 | }</literal>
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43 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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44 |
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45 | <variablelist>
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46 | <title>The meaning of the linux command options:</title>
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47 |
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48 | <varlistentry>
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49 | <term><parameter>root=/dev/sda3</parameter></term>
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50 | <listitem>
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51 | <para>We will use the third parition as the partition for the
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52 | root filesystem of the LFS system.</para>
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53 | </listitem>
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54 | </varlistentry>
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55 |
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56 | <varlistentry>
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57 | <term><parameter>rw</parameter></term>
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58 | <listitem>
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59 | <para>Tell the kernel to mount the root filesystem read-write.
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60 | In normal distros there is <parameter>ro</parameter> instead, so
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61 | the kernel will mount the root filesystem read-only. Then
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62 | the <command>init</command> process can check the filesystem
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63 | integrity and remount it read-write. For the temporary system
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64 | it's not needed.</para>
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65 | </listitem>
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66 | </varlistentry>
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67 |
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68 | <varlistentry>
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69 | <term><parameter>init=/bin/bash</parameter></term>
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70 | <listitem>
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71 | <para>By default the kernel runs <command>/sbin/init</command>
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72 | as the first process. It's provided by SysVinit or Systemd
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73 | package, which is not installed yet. We explicitly tell the
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74 | kernel to run <command>/bin/bash</command> instead to start a
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75 | shell, so we can run further commands interactively.</para>
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76 | </listitem>
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77 | </varlistentry>
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78 |
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79 | <varlistentry>
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80 | <term>(optional) <parameter>console=ttyS0,115200</parameter></term>
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81 | <listitem>
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82 | <para>Use the serial port at <filename>/dev/ttyS0</filename> as
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83 | the output console device. It's very useful if the virtual
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84 | console is not avaliable (for example, the target system may lack
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85 | graphic output, or the framebuffer console may be too slow).
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86 | And, by connecting the host system and the target system with a
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87 | NULL modem or USB serial converter, it will be able to copy the
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88 | commands from the book and paste it into a terminal emulator
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89 | (for example,
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90 | <ulink url='&blfs-book;general/screen.html'>GNU Screen</ulink>)
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91 | on the host, to execute them on the target system.
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92 | <parameter>115200</parameter> specifies the baudrate, the default
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93 | (9600) is too slow for large amount of console output building
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94 | LFS.</para>
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95 | </listitem>
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96 | </varlistentry>
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97 | </variablelist>
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98 |
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99 | <note><para>From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the
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100 | kernel files are relative to the partition used. We will use a
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101 | a separate /boot partition, so /boot is not needed in the above
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102 | <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line.
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103 | </para></note>
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104 |
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105 | </sect2>
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106 |
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107 | <sect2>
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108 | <title>Copy the Temporary System to the Target Machine</title>
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109 |
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110 | <note>
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111 | <para>The commands in the subsection must be performed on the host
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112 | system while logged in as user
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113 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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114 | and no longer as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>.
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115 | Also, double check that <envar>$LFS</envar> is set in <systemitem
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116 | class="username">root</systemitem>'s environment.</para>
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117 | </note>
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118 |
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119 | <para>Now it's the time to copy the
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120 | <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> hierarchy over to your
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121 | target machine. You'll need a <quote>moveable</quote> device for this.
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122 | Using a normal USB stick is likely a bad choice: the USB sticks are
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123 | generally not optimized for reading or writing many small files
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124 | (which will happen building packages from source). Especially, if a
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125 | ext filesystem is used, the performance can be very bad. You may use
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126 | a USB to SATA adapter and a HDD or SSD (then you can directly connect
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127 | it onto the SATA port of the target system, or continuing to use the
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128 | adapter on a USB port of the target system), or a USB stick with an I/O
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129 | controller for SSD (these USB sticks are significantly more expansive
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130 | than a normal one).</para>
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131 |
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132 | <para>Create a GUID partition table on the device, and then create
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133 | three partitions on it. The first will be used as the BIOS boot
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134 | partition, 1 MB is sufficient enough. But if you want to use EFI to
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135 | boot your LFS system later, assign 100 MB for it so it will be possible
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136 | to convert it into an EFI system partition. The second partition will
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137 | be used as the boot partition, 500 MB is sufficient enough. The third
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138 | will be the root partition, it should be at least 20 GB.</para>
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139 |
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140 | <para>Create filesystems for the partitions:</para>
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141 |
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142 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>mkfs.ext4 /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable>2
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143 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable>3</userinput></screen>
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144 |
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145 | <para>
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146 | It's not needed to create a filesystem for the BIOS boot partition.
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147 | But, its type should be set to <quote>BIOS boot</quote> in
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148 | the partition table using <command>fdisk</command>:
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149 | </para>
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150 |
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151 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>fdisk /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable></userinput>
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152 | <literal>
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153 | Welcome to fdisk (util-linux &util-linux-version;).
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154 | Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
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155 | Be careful before using the write command.
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156 |
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157 |
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158 | Command (m for help): </literal><userinput>t</userinput>
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159 | <literal>Partition number (1-9, default 9): </literal><userinput>1</userinput>
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160 | <literal>Partition type or alias (type L to list all): </literal><userinput>BIOS boot</userinput>
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161 | <literal>Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'BIOS boot'.
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162 |
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163 | Command (m for help): </literal><userinput>w</userinput>
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164 | <literal>The partition table has been altered.
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165 | Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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166 | Syncing disks.</literal></screen>
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167 |
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168 | <para>In <xref linkend="ch-tools-cleanup"/> it's optional to make a
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169 | backup for the temporary system. If you'd like to do so, prepare
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170 | another parition (1 GB should be enough) and make an
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171 | <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem> filesystem to hold
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172 | the backup:</para>
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173 |
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174 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>mkfs.ext4 /dev/<replaceable>sdx4</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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175 |
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176 | <para><replaceable>sdx</replaceable> should be replaced with the name
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177 | of the device node corresponding to your moveable device. Then mount
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178 | the filesystems:</para>
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179 |
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180 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>mkdir -pv /mnt/lfs-target
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181 | mount -v -t ext4 /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable>3 /mnt/lfs-target
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182 | mkdir -pv /mnt/lfs-target/boot
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183 | mount -v -t ext4 /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable>2 /mnt/lfs-target/boot</userinput></screen>
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184 |
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185 | <para>Copy the temporary system onto the device, and change the
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186 | ownership of the copy to user
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187 | <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
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188 |
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189 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>cp -av $LFS/* /mnt/lfs-target
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190 | chown -R root:root /mnt/lfs-target</userinput></screen>
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191 |
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192 | <para>Install the bootloader onto the device:</para>
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193 |
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194 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>$LFS/tools/sbin/lfs-grub-install \
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195 | --target=i386-pc \
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196 | --boot-directory=/mnt/lfs-target/boot \
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197 | /dev/<replaceable>sdx</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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198 |
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199 | <para>Create the mountpoint for
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200 | <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem>, so the kernel
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201 | will mount it automatically:</para>
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202 |
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203 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>install -v -dm755 /mnt/lfs-target/dev</userinput></screen>
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204 |
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205 | <para>Now, unmount the device:</para>
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206 |
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207 | <screen><userinput role='nodump'>umount -Rv /mnt/lfs-target</userinput></screen>
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208 |
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209 | <para>Now unplug the device and connect it onto the target system,
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210 | and boot the target system with this device as the boot device.
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211 | Read the manual from the vendor of the target system to know how to
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212 | select the boot device.</para>
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213 |
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214 | </sect2>
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215 |
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216 | </sect1>
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