[fa21b3d] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[fa21b3d] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[2fa922f] | 7 |
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[fa21b3d] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-man-db" role="wrap">
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[2fa922f] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="man-db.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[e747759] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>man-db</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&man-db-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&man-db-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[2fa922f] | 17 | <title>Man-DB-&man-db-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Man-DB">Man-DB</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man
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| 27 | pages.</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 28 |
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[2fa922f] | 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[fa21b3d] | 32 |
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[2fa922f] | 33 | <seglistitem>
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[e4a5635] | 34 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-du;</seg>
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[2fa922f] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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[fa21b3d] | 38 |
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[2fa922f] | 39 | </sect2>
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[fa21b3d] | 40 |
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[2fa922f] | 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Man-DB</title>
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[fa21b3d] | 43 |
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[c569ab7] | 44 | <para>Two adjustments need to be made to the sources of Man-DB.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 45 |
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[c569ab7] | 46 | <para>The first change is a <command>sed</command> substitution to delete
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[47d4ffa] | 47 | the <quote>/usr/man</quote> and <quote>/usr/local/man</quote> lines in
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| 48 | the <filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant results
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| 49 | when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 50 |
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[0445a3d] | 51 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 52 |
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[c569ab7] | 53 | <para>The second change accounts for programs that Man-DB should be able
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[2fa922f] | 54 | to find at runtime, but that haven't been installed yet:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 55 |
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[0445a3d] | 56 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">cat >> include/manconfig.h.in << "EOF"
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[fa21b3d] | 57 | <literal>#define WEB_BROWSER "exec /usr/bin/lynx"
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| 58 | #define COL "/usr/bin/col"
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| 59 | #define VGRIND "/usr/bin/vgrind"
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| 60 | #define GRAP "/usr/bin/grap"</literal>
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| 61 | EOF</userinput></screen>
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| 62 |
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[2fa922f] | 63 | <para>The <command>col</command> program is a part of the Util-linux
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| 64 | package, <command>lynx</command> is a text-based web browser (see BLFS
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| 65 | for installation instructions), <command>vgrind</command> converts
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| 66 | program sources to Groff input, and <command>grap</command> is useful
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| 67 | for typesetting graphs in Groff documents. The <command>vgrind</command>
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| 68 | and <command>grap</command> programs are not normally needed for viewing
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| 69 | manual pages. They are not part of LFS or BLFS, but you should be able
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| 70 | to install them yourself after finishing LFS if you wish to do so.</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 71 |
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[2fa922f] | 72 | <para>Prepare Man-DB for compilation:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 73 |
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[3526661] | 74 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 75 | --disable-setuid</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 76 |
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[2fa922f] | 77 | <variablelist>
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| 78 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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| 79 |
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| 80 | <varlistentry>
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| 81 | <term><parameter>--disable-setuid</parameter></term>
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| 82 | <listitem>
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| 83 | <para>This disables making the <command>man</command> program setuid
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| 84 | to user <systemitem class="username">man</systemitem>.</para>
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| 85 | </listitem>
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| 86 | </varlistentry>
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[fa21b3d] | 87 |
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[2fa922f] | 88 | </variablelist>
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| 89 |
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| 90 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 91 |
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[0445a3d] | 92 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 93 |
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[fffff97] | 94 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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| 95 |
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[2fa922f] | 96 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 97 |
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[0445a3d] | 98 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 99 |
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[8cc0866] | 100 | <para>Some packages provide UTF-8 man pages which this version of
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| 101 | <command>man</command> is unable to display. The following script will
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| 102 | allow some of these to be converted into the expected encodings shown in
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[7f6e6e9] | 103 | the table below. Man-DB expects the manual pages to be in the encodings
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| 104 | in the table, and will convert them as necessary to the actual locale
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| 105 | encoding when it displays them, so that they will display in both UTF-8
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| 106 | and traditional locales. Because this script is intended for limited use
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| 107 | during the system build, for public data, we will not bother with error
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[f19e766] | 108 | checking, nor use a non-predictable temporary file name:</para>
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[8cc0866] | 109 |
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[0445a3d] | 110 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cat >> convert-mans << "EOF"
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[8cc0866] | 111 | <literal>#!/bin/sh -e
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| 112 | FROM="$1"
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| 113 | TO="$2"
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| 114 | shift ; shift
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| 115 | while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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| 116 | do
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| 117 | FILE="$1"
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| 118 | shift
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| 119 | iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv
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| 120 | mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE"
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[70b0e4d] | 121 | done</literal>
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[8cc0866] | 122 | EOF
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| 123 | install -m755 convert-mans /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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| 124 |
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[2fa922f] | 125 | <para>Additional information regarding the compression of
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| 126 | man and info pages can be found in the BLFS book at
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| 127 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/cvs/postlfs/compressdoc.html"/>.</para>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | </sect2>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | <sect2>
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| 132 | <title>Non-English Manual Pages in LFS</title>
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| 133 |
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| 134 | <para>Linux distributions have different policies concerning the character
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| 135 | encoding in which manual pages are stored in the filesystem. E.g., RedHat
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| 136 | stores all manual pages in UTF-8, while Debian uses language-specific
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| 137 | (mostly 8-bit) encodings. This leads to incompatibility of packages with
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| 138 | manual pages designed for different distributions.</para>
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| 139 |
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[a8e53b47] | 140 | <para>LFS uses the same conventions as Debian. This was chosen because
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| 141 | Man-DB does not understand man pages stored in UTF-8. And, for our
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| 142 | purposes, Man-DB is preferable to Man as it works without extra
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| 143 | configuration in any locale. Lastly, as of now, there is no fully-working
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[70b0e4d] | 144 | implementation of the RedHat convention. RedHat's <command>groff</command>
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| 145 | is known to misformat text.</para>
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| 146 |
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[a8e53b47] | 147 | <para>The relationship between language codes and the expected encoding
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| 148 | of manual pages is listed below. Man-DB automatically converts them to
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| 149 | the locale encoding while viewing.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 150 |
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| 151 | <!-- Origin: man-db-2.4.3/src/encodings.c -->
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| 152 | <table>
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| 153 | <title>Expected character encoding of manual pages</title>
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[7c6314d4] | 154 | <?dbfo table-width="2.5in" ?>
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[2fa922f] | 155 |
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[7c6314d4] | 156 | <tgroup cols="2">
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[1652151] | 157 |
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[7c6314d4] | 158 | <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.5in"/>
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| 159 | <colspec colnum="2" colwidth="1in"/>
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[2fa922f] | 160 |
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| 161 | <thead>
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| 162 | <row>
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| 163 | <entry>Language (code)</entry>
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| 164 | <entry>Encoding</entry>
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| 165 | </row>
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| 166 | </thead>
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| 167 |
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| 168 | <tbody>
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| 169 | <row>
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| 170 | <entry>Danish (da)</entry>
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| 171 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 172 | </row>
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| 173 | <row>
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| 174 | <entry>German (de)</entry>
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| 175 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 176 | </row>
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| 177 | <row>
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| 178 | <entry>English (en)</entry>
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| 179 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 180 | </row>
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| 181 | <row>
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| 182 | <entry>Spanish (es)</entry>
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| 183 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 184 | </row>
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| 185 | <row>
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| 186 | <entry>Finnish (fi)</entry>
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| 187 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 188 | </row>
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| 189 | <row>
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| 190 | <entry>French (fr)</entry>
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| 191 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 192 | </row>
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| 193 | <row>
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| 194 | <entry>Irish (ga)</entry>
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| 195 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 196 | </row>
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| 197 | <row>
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| 198 | <entry>Galician (gl)</entry>
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| 199 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 200 | </row>
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| 201 | <row>
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| 202 | <entry>Indonesian (id)</entry>
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| 203 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 204 | </row>
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| 205 | <row>
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| 206 | <entry>Icelandic (is)</entry>
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| 207 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 208 | </row>
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| 209 | <row>
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| 210 | <entry>Italian (it)</entry>
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| 211 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 212 | </row>
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| 213 | <row>
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| 214 | <entry>Dutch (nl)</entry>
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| 215 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 216 | </row>
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[004616a] | 217 | <!-- FIXME: BUG: "no" is deprecated, should use "nb" or "nn" and
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| 218 | symlinks -->
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[2fa922f] | 219 | <row>
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| 220 | <entry>Norwegian (no)</entry>
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| 221 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 222 | </row>
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| 223 | <!-- END BUG -->
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| 224 | <row>
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| 225 | <entry>Portuguese (pt)</entry>
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| 226 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 227 | </row>
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| 228 | <row>
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| 229 | <entry>Swedish (sv)</entry>
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| 230 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 231 | </row>
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| 232 | <!-- Languages below require patched groff -->
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| 233 | <row>
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| 234 | <entry>Czech (cs)</entry>
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| 235 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 236 | </row>
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| 237 | <row>
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| 238 | <entry>Croatian (hr)</entry>
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| 239 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 240 | </row>
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| 241 | <row>
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| 242 | <entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry>
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| 243 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 244 | </row>
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| 245 | <row>
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| 246 | <entry>Japanese (ja)</entry>
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| 247 | <entry>EUC-JP</entry>
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| 248 | </row>
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| 249 | <row>
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| 250 | <entry>Korean (ko)</entry>
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| 251 | <entry>EUC-KR</entry>
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| 252 | </row>
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| 253 | <row>
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| 254 | <entry>Polish (pl)</entry>
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| 255 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 256 | </row>
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| 257 | <row>
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| 258 | <entry>Russian (ru)</entry>
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| 259 | <entry>KOI8-R</entry>
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| 260 | </row>
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| 261 | <row>
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| 262 | <entry>Slovak (sk)</entry>
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| 263 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 264 | </row>
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| 265 | <row>
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| 266 | <entry>Turkish (tr)</entry>
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| 267 | <entry>ISO-8859-9</entry>
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| 268 | </row>
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| 269 | </tbody>
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| 270 |
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| 271 | </tgroup>
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| 272 |
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| 273 | </table>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <note>
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| 276 | <para>Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported.
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| 277 | Norwegian doesn't work now because of the transition from no_NO to
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| 278 | nb_NO locale, and Korean is non-functional because of the incomplete
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| 279 | Groff patch.</para>
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| 280 | </note>
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| 281 |
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| 282 | <para>If upstream distributes the manual pages in the same encoding
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| 283 | as Man-DB expects, the manual pages can be copied to
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[0090db5] | 284 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
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| 285 | code></replaceable></filename>. E.g., French manual pages
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[2fa922f] | 286 | (<ulink url="http://ccb.club.fr/man/man-fr-1.58.0.tar.bz2"/>) can be
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| 287 | installed with the following command:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 288 |
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[ad83f72] | 289 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr
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[fa21b3d] | 290 | cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/fr</userinput></screen>
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| 291 |
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[2fa922f] | 292 | <para>If upstream distributes manual pages in UTF-8 (i.e., <quote>for
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| 293 | RedHat</quote>) instead of the encoding listed in the table above, they
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| 294 | have to be converted from UTF-8 to the encoding listed in the table before
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[70b0e4d] | 295 | installation. This can be achieved with <command>convert-mans</command>,
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| 296 | e.g., Spanish manual pages (<ulink
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| 297 | url="http://ditec.um.es/~piernas/manpages-es/man-pages-es-1.55.tar.bz2"/>)
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[2fa922f] | 298 | can be installed with the following commands:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 299 |
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[8cc0866] | 300 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{,X}
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[70b0e4d] | 301 | convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-1 man?/*.?
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[8cc0866] | 302 | mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{X,}
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| 303 | make install</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 304 |
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[2fa922f] | 305 | <note>
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| 306 | <para>The need to exclude the <filename>man7/iso_8859-7.7</filename> file
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| 307 | from the conversion process because it is already in ISO-8859-1 is a
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| 308 | packaging bug in man-pages-es-1.55. Future versions should not require
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| 309 | this workaround.</para>
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| 310 | </note>
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| 311 |
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| 312 | </sect2>
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| 313 |
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| 314 | <sect2 id="contents-man-db" role="content">
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| 315 | <title>Contents of Man-DB</title>
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| 316 |
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| 317 | <segmentedlist>
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| 318 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 319 |
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| 320 | <seglistitem>
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[9058aa1] | 321 | <seg>accessdb, apropos, catman, convert-mans, lexgrog, man, mandb,
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[c1b231c9] | 322 | manpath, whatis, and zsoelim</seg>
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[2fa922f] | 323 | </seglistitem>
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| 324 | </segmentedlist>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | <variablelist>
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| 327 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 328 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 329 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 330 |
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| 331 | <varlistentry id="accessdb">
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| 332 | <term><command>accessdb</command></term>
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| 333 | <listitem>
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| 334 | <para>Dumps the <command>whatis</command> database contents in
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| 335 | human-readable form</para>
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| 336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db accessdb">
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| 337 | <primary sortas="b-accessdb">accessdb</primary>
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| 338 | </indexterm>
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| 339 | </listitem>
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| 340 | </varlistentry>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <varlistentry id="apropos">
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| 343 | <term><command>apropos</command></term>
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| 344 | <listitem>
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| 345 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
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| 346 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given
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| 347 | string</para>
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| 348 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db apropos">
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| 349 | <primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary>
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| 350 | </indexterm>
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| 351 | </listitem>
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| 352 | </varlistentry>
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| 353 |
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| 354 | <varlistentry id="catman">
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| 355 | <term><command>catman</command></term>
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| 356 | <listitem>
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| 357 | <para>Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages</para>
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| 358 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db catman">
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| 359 | <primary sortas="b-catman">catman</primary>
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| 360 | </indexterm>
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| 361 | </listitem>
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| 362 | </varlistentry>
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| 363 |
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[8cc0866] | 364 | <varlistentry id="convert-mans">
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| 365 | <term><command>convert-mans</command></term>
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| 366 | <listitem>
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| 367 | <para>Reformat man pages so that Man-DB can display them</para>
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| 368 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db convert-mans">
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| 369 | <primary sortas="b-convert-mans">convert-mans</primary>
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| 370 | </indexterm>
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| 371 | </listitem>
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| 372 | </varlistentry>
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| 373 |
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[2fa922f] | 374 | <varlistentry id="lexgrog">
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| 375 | <term><command>lexgrog</command></term>
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| 376 | <listitem>
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| 377 | <para>Displays one-line summary information about a given manual
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| 378 | page</para>
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| 379 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db lexgrog">
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| 380 | <primary sortas="b-lexgrog">lexgrog</primary>
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| 381 | </indexterm>
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| 382 | </listitem>
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| 383 | </varlistentry>
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| 384 |
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| 385 | <varlistentry id="man">
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| 386 | <term><command>man</command></term>
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| 387 | <listitem>
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| 388 | <para>Formats and displays the requested manual page</para>
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| 389 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db man">
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| 390 | <primary sortas="b-man">man</primary>
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| 391 | </indexterm>
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| 392 | </listitem>
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| 393 | </varlistentry>
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| 394 |
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| 395 | <varlistentry id="mandb">
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| 396 | <term><command>mandb</command></term>
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| 397 | <listitem>
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| 398 | <para>Creates or updates the <command>whatis</command> database</para>
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| 399 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db mandb">
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| 400 | <primary sortas="b-mandb">mandb</primary>
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| 401 | </indexterm>
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[8bc46a5] | 402 | </listitem>
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| 403 | </varlistentry>
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| 404 |
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| 405 | <varlistentry id="manpath">
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| 406 | <term><command>manpath</command></term>
|
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| 407 | <listitem>
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| 408 | <para>Displays the contents of $MANPATH or (if $MANPATH is not set)
|
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| 409 | a suitable search path based on the settings in man.conf and the
|
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| 410 | user's environment</para>
|
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| 411 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db manpath">
|
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| 412 | <primary sortas="b-manpath">manpath</primary>
|
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| 413 | </indexterm>
|
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[2fa922f] | 414 | </listitem>
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| 415 | </varlistentry>
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| 416 |
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| 417 | <varlistentry id="whatis">
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| 418 | <term><command>whatis</command></term>
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| 419 | <listitem>
|
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| 420 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
|
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| 421 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given
|
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| 422 | keyword as a separate word</para>
|
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| 423 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db whatis">
|
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| 424 | <primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary>
|
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| 425 | </indexterm>
|
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| 426 | </listitem>
|
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| 427 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 428 |
|
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[c1b231c9] | 429 | <varlistentry id="zsoelim">
|
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| 430 | <term><command>zsoelim</command></term>
|
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| 431 | <listitem>
|
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| 432 | <para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form <emphasis>.so
|
---|
| 433 | file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
|
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| 434 | <emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
|
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| 435 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db zsoelim">
|
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| 436 | <primary sortas="b-zsoelim">zsoelim</primary>
|
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| 437 | </indexterm>
|
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| 438 | </listitem>
|
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| 439 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 440 |
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[2fa922f] | 441 | </variablelist>
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| 442 |
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| 443 | </sect2>
|
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[fa21b3d] | 444 |
|
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| 445 | </sect1>
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