[fa21b3d] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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[b06ca36] | 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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[fa21b3d] | 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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[2fa922f] | 7 |
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[fa21b3d] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-man-db" role="wrap">
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[2fa922f] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="man-db.html"?>
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| 10 |
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[e747759] | 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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| 12 | <productname>man-db</productname>
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| 13 | <productnumber>&man-db-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&man-db-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[2fa922f] | 17 | <title>Man-DB-&man-db-version;</title>
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| 18 |
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| 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db">
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| 20 | <primary sortas="a-Man-DB">Man-DB</primary>
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| 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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| 26 | <para>The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man
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| 27 | pages.</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 28 |
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[2fa922f] | 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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[fa21b3d] | 32 |
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[2fa922f] | 33 | <seglistitem>
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[e4a5635] | 34 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-du;</seg>
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[2fa922f] | 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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[fa21b3d] | 38 |
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[2fa922f] | 39 | </sect2>
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[fa21b3d] | 40 |
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[2fa922f] | 41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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| 42 | <title>Installation of Man-DB</title>
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[fa21b3d] | 43 |
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[f2f15e5] | 44 | <!-- <para>Two adjustments need to be made to the sources of Man-DB.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 45 |
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[c569ab7] | 46 | <para>The first change is a <command>sed</command> substitution to delete
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[47d4ffa] | 47 | the <quote>/usr/man</quote> and <quote>/usr/local/man</quote> lines in
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| 48 | the <filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant results
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[f2f15e5] | 49 | when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para> -->
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| 50 |
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[862c5ae] | 51 | <para>LFS creates <filename>/usr/man</filename> and
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| 52 | <filename>/usr/local/man</filename> as symlinks. Remove them from the
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| 53 | <filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant
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| 54 | results when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 55 |
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[0445a3d] | 56 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 57 |
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[2fa922f] | 58 | <para>Prepare Man-DB for compilation:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 59 |
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[862c5ae] | 60 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
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| 61 | --sysconfdir=/etc --disable-setuid \
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| 62 | --enable-mb-groff --with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
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[f2f15e5] | 63 | --with-col=/usr/bin/col --with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
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| 64 | --with-grap=/usr/bin/grap</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 65 |
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[2fa922f] | 66 | <variablelist>
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| 67 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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| 68 |
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| 69 | <varlistentry>
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| 70 | <term><parameter>--disable-setuid</parameter></term>
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| 71 | <listitem>
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| 72 | <para>This disables making the <command>man</command> program setuid
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| 73 | to user <systemitem class="username">man</systemitem>.</para>
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| 74 | </listitem>
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| 75 | </varlistentry>
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[fa21b3d] | 76 |
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[862c5ae] | 77 | <varlistentry>
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| 78 | <term><parameter>--enable-mb-groff</parameter></term>
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| 79 | <listitem>
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| 80 | <para>This switch tells <application>man-db</application> to expect
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| 81 | the Debian multibyte patched version of
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| 82 | <application>groff</application>.</para>
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| 83 | </listitem>
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| 84 | </varlistentry>
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| 85 |
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[f2f15e5] | 86 | <varlistentry>
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| 87 | <term><parameter>--with-...</parameter></term>
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| 88 | <listitem>
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| 89 | <para>These four parameters are used to set some default programs.
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| 90 | The <command>col</command> program is a part of the Util-linux-ng
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[862c5ae] | 91 | package, <command>lynx</command> is a text-based web browser (see
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| 92 | BLFS for installation instructions), <command>vgrind</command>
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| 93 | converts program sources to Groff input, and <command>grap</command>
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| 94 | is useful for typesetting graphs in Groff documents. The
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| 95 | <command>vgrind</command> and <command>grap</command> programs are
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| 96 | not normally needed for viewing manual pages. They are not part of
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| 97 | LFS or BLFS, but you should be able to install them yourself after
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| 98 | finishing LFS if you wish to do so.</para>
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[f2f15e5] | 99 | </listitem>
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| 100 | </varlistentry>
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| 101 |
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[2fa922f] | 102 | </variablelist>
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| 103 |
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| 104 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 105 |
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[0445a3d] | 106 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 107 |
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[fffff97] | 108 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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| 109 |
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[2fa922f] | 110 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 111 |
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[0445a3d] | 112 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 113 |
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[862c5ae] | 114 | <para>Some packages provide UTF-8 manual pages, which previous versions of
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| 115 | <application>Man-DB</application> were unable to display. This limitation
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| 116 | has been fixed in recent versions, and <application>Man-DB</application>
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| 117 | can now convert manual pages from legacy encodings to UTF-8
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| 118 | (and vice-versa) on the fly. This used to be a rather annoying
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| 119 | problem across different distributions, as packages written for one
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| 120 | distribution would require changes to work on another. The following
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| 121 | script will allow you to convert manual pages to and from legacy and UTF-8
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| 122 | encodings.</para>
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[8cc0866] | 123 |
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[0445a3d] | 124 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cat >> convert-mans << "EOF"
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[8cc0866] | 125 | <literal>#!/bin/sh -e
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| 126 | FROM="$1"
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| 127 | TO="$2"
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| 128 | shift ; shift
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| 129 | while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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| 130 | do
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| 131 | FILE="$1"
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| 132 | shift
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| 133 | iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv
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| 134 | mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE"
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[70b0e4d] | 135 | done</literal>
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[8cc0866] | 136 | EOF
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| 137 | install -m755 convert-mans /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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| 138 |
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[2fa922f] | 139 | <para>Additional information regarding the compression of
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| 140 | man and info pages can be found in the BLFS book at
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| 141 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/cvs/postlfs/compressdoc.html"/>.</para>
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| 142 |
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| 143 | </sect2>
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| 144 |
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| 145 | <sect2>
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| 146 | <title>Non-English Manual Pages in LFS</title>
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| 147 |
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| 148 | <para>Linux distributions have different policies concerning the character
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| 149 | encoding in which manual pages are stored in the filesystem. E.g., RedHat
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[862c5ae] | 150 | stores all manual pages in UTF-8, while Debian previously used
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| 151 | language-specific (mostly 8-bit) encodings. As mentioned above, this leads
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| 152 | to incompatibility of packages with manual pages designed for different
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| 153 | distributions.</para>
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| 154 |
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| 155 | <para>LFS previously used the same convention as Debian. This was chosen
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| 156 | because <application>Man-DB</application> did not understand manual pages
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| 157 | stored in UTF-8 at the time of its introduction into LFS. For our purposes
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| 158 | at that time, <application>Man-DB</application> was preferable to
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| 159 | <application>Man</application> as it worked without any additional
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| 160 | configuration in any locale. This is still true today as
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| 161 | <application>Man-DB</application> with Debian patched
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| 162 | <application>Groff</application> will now dynamically convert UTF-8 encoded
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| 163 | manual pages to the user's locale. Additionally, this combination provides
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| 164 | support for Chinese and Japanese locales, and limited support for Korean,
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| 165 | whereas <application>Man</application> does not. The current offering of
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| 166 | <application>Man</application> as used in RedHat requires major
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| 167 | modifications to both the <application>Man</application> and
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| 168 | <application>Groff</application> packages, and still falls short on
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| 169 | Chinese, Japanese, and Korean encodings.</para>
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| 170 |
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| 171 | <para>Finally, most distributions, including Debian, are rapidly migrating
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| 172 | to all UTF-8 encoded manual pages. Upstream packagers will very likely drop
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| 173 | legacy encodings in favor of UTF-8, though adoption has been slow due to
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| 174 | the hacks required to make the current <application>Man</application> and
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| 175 | <application>Groff</application> packages work correctly together.</para>
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[70b0e4d] | 176 |
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[a8e53b47] | 177 | <para>The relationship between language codes and the expected encoding
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[862c5ae] | 178 | of legacy manual pages is listed below.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 179 |
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[862c5ae] | 180 | <!-- Origin: man-db-2.5.2/src/encodings.c -->
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[2fa922f] | 181 | <table>
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[862c5ae] | 182 | <title>Expected character encoding of legacy 8-bit manual pages</title>
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[7c6314d4] | 183 | <?dbfo table-width="2.5in" ?>
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[2fa922f] | 184 |
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[7c6314d4] | 185 | <tgroup cols="2">
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[1652151] | 186 |
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[7c6314d4] | 187 | <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.5in"/>
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| 188 | <colspec colnum="2" colwidth="1in"/>
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[2fa922f] | 189 |
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| 190 | <thead>
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| 191 | <row>
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| 192 | <entry>Language (code)</entry>
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| 193 | <entry>Encoding</entry>
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| 194 | </row>
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| 195 | </thead>
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| 196 |
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| 197 | <tbody>
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| 198 | <row>
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| 199 | <entry>Danish (da)</entry>
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| 200 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 201 | </row>
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| 202 | <row>
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| 203 | <entry>German (de)</entry>
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| 204 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 205 | </row>
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| 206 | <row>
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| 207 | <entry>English (en)</entry>
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| 208 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 209 | </row>
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| 210 | <row>
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| 211 | <entry>Spanish (es)</entry>
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| 212 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 213 | </row>
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| 214 | <row>
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| 215 | <entry>Finnish (fi)</entry>
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| 216 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 217 | </row>
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| 218 | <row>
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| 219 | <entry>French (fr)</entry>
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| 220 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 221 | </row>
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| 222 | <row>
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| 223 | <entry>Irish (ga)</entry>
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| 224 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 225 | </row>
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| 226 | <row>
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| 227 | <entry>Galician (gl)</entry>
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| 228 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 229 | </row>
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| 230 | <row>
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| 231 | <entry>Indonesian (id)</entry>
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| 232 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 233 | </row>
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| 234 | <row>
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| 235 | <entry>Icelandic (is)</entry>
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| 236 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 237 | </row>
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| 238 | <row>
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| 239 | <entry>Italian (it)</entry>
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| 240 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 241 | </row>
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| 242 | <row>
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| 243 | <entry>Dutch (nl)</entry>
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| 244 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 245 | </row>
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[004616a] | 246 | <!-- FIXME: BUG: "no" is deprecated, should use "nb" or "nn" and
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| 247 | symlinks -->
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[2fa922f] | 248 | <row>
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| 249 | <entry>Norwegian (no)</entry>
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| 250 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 251 | </row>
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| 252 | <!-- END BUG -->
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| 253 | <row>
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| 254 | <entry>Portuguese (pt)</entry>
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| 255 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 256 | </row>
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| 257 | <row>
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| 258 | <entry>Swedish (sv)</entry>
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| 259 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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| 260 | </row>
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| 261 | <!-- Languages below require patched groff -->
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[862c5ae] | 262 | <row>
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| 263 | <entry>Bulgarian (bg)</entry>
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| 264 | <entry>CP1251</entry>
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| 265 | </row>
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[2fa922f] | 266 | <row>
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| 267 | <entry>Czech (cs)</entry>
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| 268 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 269 | </row>
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| 270 | <row>
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| 271 | <entry>Croatian (hr)</entry>
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| 272 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 273 | </row>
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| 274 | <row>
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| 275 | <entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry>
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| 276 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 277 | </row>
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| 278 | <row>
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| 279 | <entry>Japanese (ja)</entry>
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| 280 | <entry>EUC-JP</entry>
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| 281 | </row>
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| 282 | <row>
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| 283 | <entry>Korean (ko)</entry>
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| 284 | <entry>EUC-KR</entry>
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| 285 | </row>
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| 286 | <row>
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| 287 | <entry>Polish (pl)</entry>
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| 288 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 289 | </row>
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| 290 | <row>
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| 291 | <entry>Russian (ru)</entry>
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| 292 | <entry>KOI8-R</entry>
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| 293 | </row>
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| 294 | <row>
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| 295 | <entry>Slovak (sk)</entry>
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| 296 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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| 297 | </row>
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[862c5ae] | 298 | <row>
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| 299 | <entry>Serbian (sr)</entry>
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| 300 | <entry>ISO-8859-5</entry>
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| 301 | </row>
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[2fa922f] | 302 | <row>
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| 303 | <entry>Turkish (tr)</entry>
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| 304 | <entry>ISO-8859-9</entry>
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| 305 | </row>
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[862c5ae] | 306 | <row>
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| 307 | <entry>Simplified Chinese (zh_CN)</entry>
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| 308 | <entry>GBK</entry>
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| 309 | </row>
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| 310 | <row>
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| 311 | <entry>Simplified Chinese,Singapore} (zh_SG)</entry>
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| 312 | <entry>GBK</entry>
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| 313 | </row>
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| 314 | <row>
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| 315 | <entry>Traditional Chinese (zh_TW)</entry>
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| 316 | <entry>BIG5</entry>
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| 317 | </row>
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| 318 | <row>
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| 319 | <entry>Traditional Chinese, Hong Kong (zh_HK)</entry>
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| 320 | <entry>BIG5HKSCS</entry>
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| 321 | </row>
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[2fa922f] | 322 | </tbody>
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| 323 |
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| 324 | </tgroup>
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| 325 |
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| 326 | </table>
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| 327 |
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| 328 | <note>
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| 329 | <para>Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported.
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[862c5ae] | 330 | Norwegian does not work because of the transition from no_NO to
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| 331 | nb_NO locale, and will be fixed in the next release of
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| 332 | <application>Man-DB</application>. Korean is currently non functional
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| 333 | because of incomplete fixes in the Groff patch.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 334 | </note>
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| 335 |
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[862c5ae] | 336 |
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| 337 | <para>If upstream distributes the manual pages in a legacy encoding,
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| 338 | the manual pages can simply be copied to
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[0090db5] | 339 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
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[862c5ae] | 340 | code></replaceable></filename>. For example, <ulink
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| 341 | url="http://www.infodrom.org/projects/manpages-de/download/manpages-de-0.5.tar.gz">
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| 342 | German manual pages</ulink> can be installed with the following
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| 343 | commands:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 344 |
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[862c5ae] | 345 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/de
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| 346 | cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/de</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 347 |
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[2fa922f] | 348 | <para>If upstream distributes manual pages in UTF-8 (i.e., <quote>for
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| 349 | RedHat</quote>) instead of the encoding listed in the table above, they
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[862c5ae] | 350 | can either be converted from UTF-8 to the encoding listed in the table
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| 351 | above, or they can be installed directly into
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| 352 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
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| 353 | code></replaceable>.UTF-8</filename>.</para>
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| 354 |
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| 355 | <para>For example, to install <ulink
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| 356 | url="http://ditec.um.es/~piernas/manpages-es/man-pages-es-1.55.tar.bz2">
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| 357 | Spanish manual pages</ulink> in the legacy encoding, use the following
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| 358 | commands:</para>
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[fa21b3d] | 359 |
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[8cc0866] | 360 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{,X}
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[70b0e4d] | 361 | convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-1 man?/*.?
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[8cc0866] | 362 | mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{X,}
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| 363 | make install</userinput></screen>
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[fa21b3d] | 364 |
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[2fa922f] | 365 | <note>
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[862c5ae] | 366 | <para>The <filename>man7/iso_8859-7.7</filename> file needs to be
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| 367 | exclueded from the conversion process because it is already in
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| 368 | ISO-8859-1 format. This is a packaging bug in man-pages-es-1.55.
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| 369 | Future versions should not require this workaround.</para>
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[2fa922f] | 370 | </note>
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| 371 |
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[862c5ae] | 372 | <para>Finally, as an example installation of UTF-8 manual pages, the <ulink
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| 373 | url="http://manpagesfr.free.fr/download/man-pages-fr-2.40.0.tar.bz2">
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| 374 | French manual pages</ulink> can be installed with the following
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| 375 | commands:</para>
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| 376 |
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| 377 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8
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| 378 | cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
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| 379 |
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[2fa922f] | 380 | </sect2>
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| 381 |
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| 382 | <sect2 id="contents-man-db" role="content">
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| 383 | <title>Contents of Man-DB</title>
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| 384 |
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| 385 | <segmentedlist>
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| 386 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 387 |
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| 388 | <seglistitem>
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[f2f15e5] | 389 | <seg>apropos, catman, convert-mans, lexgrog, man, mandb,
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[c1b231c9] | 390 | manpath, whatis, and zsoelim</seg>
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[2fa922f] | 391 | </seglistitem>
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| 392 | </segmentedlist>
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| 393 |
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| 394 | <variablelist>
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| 395 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 396 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 397 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 398 |
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[f2f15e5] | 399 | <!-- <varlistentry id="accessdb">
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[2fa922f] | 400 | <term><command>accessdb</command></term>
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| 401 | <listitem>
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| 402 | <para>Dumps the <command>whatis</command> database contents in
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| 403 | human-readable form</para>
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| 404 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db accessdb">
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| 405 | <primary sortas="b-accessdb">accessdb</primary>
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| 406 | </indexterm>
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| 407 | </listitem>
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[f2f15e5] | 408 | </varlistentry> -->
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[2fa922f] | 409 |
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| 410 | <varlistentry id="apropos">
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| 411 | <term><command>apropos</command></term>
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| 412 | <listitem>
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| 413 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
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| 414 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given
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| 415 | string</para>
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| 416 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db apropos">
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| 417 | <primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary>
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| 418 | </indexterm>
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| 419 | </listitem>
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| 420 | </varlistentry>
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| 421 |
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| 422 | <varlistentry id="catman">
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| 423 | <term><command>catman</command></term>
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| 424 | <listitem>
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| 425 | <para>Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages</para>
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| 426 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db catman">
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| 427 | <primary sortas="b-catman">catman</primary>
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| 428 | </indexterm>
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| 429 | </listitem>
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| 430 | </varlistentry>
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| 431 |
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[8cc0866] | 432 | <varlistentry id="convert-mans">
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| 433 | <term><command>convert-mans</command></term>
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| 434 | <listitem>
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[862c5ae] | 435 | <para>Reformats manual pages into the chosen encoding.</para>
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[8cc0866] | 436 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db convert-mans">
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| 437 | <primary sortas="b-convert-mans">convert-mans</primary>
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| 438 | </indexterm>
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| 439 | </listitem>
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| 440 | </varlistentry>
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| 441 |
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[2fa922f] | 442 | <varlistentry id="lexgrog">
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| 443 | <term><command>lexgrog</command></term>
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| 444 | <listitem>
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| 445 | <para>Displays one-line summary information about a given manual
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| 446 | page</para>
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| 447 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db lexgrog">
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| 448 | <primary sortas="b-lexgrog">lexgrog</primary>
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| 449 | </indexterm>
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| 450 | </listitem>
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| 451 | </varlistentry>
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| 452 |
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| 453 | <varlistentry id="man">
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| 454 | <term><command>man</command></term>
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| 455 | <listitem>
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| 456 | <para>Formats and displays the requested manual page</para>
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| 457 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db man">
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| 458 | <primary sortas="b-man">man</primary>
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| 459 | </indexterm>
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| 460 | </listitem>
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| 461 | </varlistentry>
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| 462 |
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| 463 | <varlistentry id="mandb">
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| 464 | <term><command>mandb</command></term>
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| 465 | <listitem>
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| 466 | <para>Creates or updates the <command>whatis</command> database</para>
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| 467 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db mandb">
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| 468 | <primary sortas="b-mandb">mandb</primary>
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| 469 | </indexterm>
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[8bc46a5] | 470 | </listitem>
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| 471 | </varlistentry>
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| 472 |
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| 473 | <varlistentry id="manpath">
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| 474 | <term><command>manpath</command></term>
|
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| 475 | <listitem>
|
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| 476 | <para>Displays the contents of $MANPATH or (if $MANPATH is not set)
|
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| 477 | a suitable search path based on the settings in man.conf and the
|
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| 478 | user's environment</para>
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| 479 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db manpath">
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| 480 | <primary sortas="b-manpath">manpath</primary>
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| 481 | </indexterm>
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[2fa922f] | 482 | </listitem>
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| 483 | </varlistentry>
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| 484 |
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| 485 | <varlistentry id="whatis">
|
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| 486 | <term><command>whatis</command></term>
|
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| 487 | <listitem>
|
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| 488 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
|
---|
| 489 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given
|
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| 490 | keyword as a separate word</para>
|
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| 491 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db whatis">
|
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| 492 | <primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary>
|
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| 493 | </indexterm>
|
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| 494 | </listitem>
|
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| 495 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 496 |
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[c1b231c9] | 497 | <varlistentry id="zsoelim">
|
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| 498 | <term><command>zsoelim</command></term>
|
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| 499 | <listitem>
|
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| 500 | <para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form <emphasis>.so
|
---|
| 501 | file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
|
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| 502 | <emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
|
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| 503 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db zsoelim">
|
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| 504 | <primary sortas="b-zsoelim">zsoelim</primary>
|
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| 505 | </indexterm>
|
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| 506 | </listitem>
|
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| 507 | </varlistentry>
|
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| 508 |
|
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[2fa922f] | 509 | </variablelist>
|
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| 510 |
|
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| 511 | </sect2>
|
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[fa21b3d] | 512 |
|
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| 513 | </sect1>
|
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