1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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5 | %general-entities;
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6 | ]>
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7 |
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8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-man-db" role="wrap">
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9 | <?dbhtml filename="man-db.html"?>
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10 |
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11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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12 | <productname>man-db</productname>
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13 | <productnumber>&man-db-version;</productnumber>
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14 | <address>&man-db-url;</address>
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15 | </sect1info>
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16 |
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17 | <title>Man-DB-&man-db-version;</title>
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18 |
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19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db">
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20 | <primary sortas="a-Man-DB">Man-DB</primary>
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21 | </indexterm>
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22 |
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23 | <sect2 role="package">
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24 | <title/>
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25 |
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26 | <para>The Man-DB package contains programs for finding and viewing man
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27 | pages.</para>
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28 |
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29 | <segmentedlist>
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30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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32 |
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33 | <seglistitem>
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34 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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35 | <seg>&man-db-ch6-du;</seg>
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36 | </seglistitem>
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37 | </segmentedlist>
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38 |
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39 | </sect2>
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40 |
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41 | <sect2 role="installation">
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42 | <title>Installation of Man-DB</title>
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43 |
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44 | <!-- <para>Two adjustments need to be made to the sources of Man-DB.</para>
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45 |
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46 | <para>The first change is a <command>sed</command> substitution to delete
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47 | the <quote>/usr/man</quote> and <quote>/usr/local/man</quote> lines in
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48 | the <filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant results
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49 | when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para> -->
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50 |
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51 | <para>LFS creates <filename>/usr/man</filename> and
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52 | <filename>/usr/local/man</filename> as symlinks. Remove them from the
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53 | <filename>man_db.conf</filename> file to prevent redundant
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54 | results when using programs such as <command>whatis</command>:</para>
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55 |
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56 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e '\%\t/usr/man%d' -e '\%\t/usr/local/man%d' src/man_db.conf.in</userinput></screen>
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57 |
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58 | <para>Prepare Man-DB for compilation:</para>
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59 |
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60 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
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61 | --sysconfdir=/etc --disable-setuid \
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62 | --enable-mb-groff --with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
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63 | --with-col=/usr/bin/col --with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
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64 | --with-grap=/usr/bin/grap</userinput></screen>
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65 |
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66 | <variablelist>
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67 | <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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68 |
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69 | <varlistentry>
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70 | <term><parameter>--disable-setuid</parameter></term>
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71 | <listitem>
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72 | <para>This disables making the <command>man</command> program setuid
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73 | to user <systemitem class="username">man</systemitem>.</para>
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74 | </listitem>
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75 | </varlistentry>
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76 |
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77 | <varlistentry>
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78 | <term><parameter>--enable-mb-groff</parameter></term>
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79 | <listitem>
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80 | <para>This switch tells <application>man-db</application> to expect
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81 | the Debian multibyte patched version of
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82 | <application>groff</application>.</para>
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83 | </listitem>
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84 | </varlistentry>
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85 |
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86 | <varlistentry>
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87 | <term><parameter>--with-...</parameter></term>
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88 | <listitem>
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89 | <para>These four parameters are used to set some default programs.
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90 | The <command>col</command> program is a part of the Util-linux-ng
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91 | package, <command>lynx</command> is a text-based web browser (see
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92 | BLFS for installation instructions), <command>vgrind</command>
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93 | converts program sources to Groff input, and <command>grap</command>
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94 | is useful for typesetting graphs in Groff documents. The
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95 | <command>vgrind</command> and <command>grap</command> programs are
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96 | not normally needed for viewing manual pages. They are not part of
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97 | LFS or BLFS, but you should be able to install them yourself after
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98 | finishing LFS if you wish to do so.</para>
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99 | </listitem>
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100 | </varlistentry>
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101 |
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102 | </variablelist>
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103 |
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104 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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105 |
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106 | <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
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107 |
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108 | <para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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109 |
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110 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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111 |
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112 | <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
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113 |
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114 | <para>Some packages provide UTF-8 manual pages, which previous versions of
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115 | <application>Man-DB</application> were unable to display. This limitation
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116 | has been fixed in recent versions, and <application>Man-DB</application>
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117 | can now convert manual pages from legacy encodings to UTF-8
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118 | (and vice-versa) on the fly. This used to be a rather annoying
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119 | problem across different distributions, as packages written for one
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120 | distribution would require changes to work on another. The following
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121 | script will allow you to convert manual pages to and from legacy and UTF-8
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122 | encodings.</para>
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123 |
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124 | <screen><userinput remap="install">cat >> convert-mans << "EOF"
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125 | <literal>#!/bin/sh -e
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126 | FROM="$1"
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127 | TO="$2"
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128 | shift ; shift
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129 | while [ $# -gt 0 ]
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130 | do
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131 | FILE="$1"
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132 | shift
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133 | iconv -f "$FROM" -t "$TO" "$FILE" >.tmp.iconv
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134 | mv .tmp.iconv "$FILE"
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135 | done</literal>
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136 | EOF
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137 | install -m755 convert-mans /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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138 |
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139 | <para>Additional information regarding the compression of
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140 | man and info pages can be found in the BLFS book at
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141 | <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/cvs/postlfs/compressdoc.html"/>.</para>
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142 |
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143 | </sect2>
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144 |
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145 | <sect2>
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146 | <title>Non-English Manual Pages in LFS</title>
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147 |
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148 | <para>Linux distributions have different policies concerning the character
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149 | encoding in which manual pages are stored in the filesystem. E.g., RedHat
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150 | stores all manual pages in UTF-8, while Debian previously used
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151 | language-specific (mostly 8-bit) encodings. As mentioned above, this leads
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152 | to incompatibility of packages with manual pages designed for different
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153 | distributions.</para>
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154 |
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155 | <para>LFS previously used the same convention as Debian. This was chosen
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156 | because <application>Man-DB</application> did not understand manual pages
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157 | stored in UTF-8 at the time of its introduction into LFS. For our purposes
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158 | at that time, <application>Man-DB</application> was preferable to
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159 | <application>Man</application> as it worked without any additional
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160 | configuration in any locale. This is still true today as
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161 | <application>Man-DB</application> with Debian patched
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162 | <application>Groff</application> will now dynamically convert UTF-8 encoded
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163 | manual pages to the user's locale. Additionally, this combination provides
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164 | support for Chinese and Japanese locales, and limited support for Korean,
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165 | whereas <application>Man</application> does not. The current offering of
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166 | <application>Man</application> as used in RedHat requires major
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167 | modifications to both the <application>Man</application> and
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168 | <application>Groff</application> packages, and still falls short on
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169 | Chinese, Japanese, and Korean encodings.</para>
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170 |
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171 | <para>Finally, most distributions, including Debian, are rapidly migrating
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172 | to all UTF-8 encoded manual pages. Upstream packagers will very likely drop
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173 | legacy encodings in favor of UTF-8, though adoption has been slow due to
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174 | the hacks required to make the current <application>Man</application> and
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175 | <application>Groff</application> packages work correctly together.</para>
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176 |
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177 | <para>The relationship between language codes and the expected encoding
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178 | of legacy manual pages is listed below.</para>
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179 |
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180 | <!-- Origin: man-db-2.5.2/src/encodings.c -->
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181 | <table>
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182 | <title>Expected character encoding of legacy 8-bit manual pages</title>
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183 | <?dbfo table-width="2.5in" ?>
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184 |
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185 | <tgroup cols="2">
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186 |
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187 | <colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.5in"/>
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188 | <colspec colnum="2" colwidth="1in"/>
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189 |
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190 | <thead>
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191 | <row>
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192 | <entry>Language (code)</entry>
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193 | <entry>Encoding</entry>
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194 | </row>
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195 | </thead>
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196 |
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197 | <tbody>
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198 | <row>
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199 | <entry>Danish (da)</entry>
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200 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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201 | </row>
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202 | <row>
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203 | <entry>German (de)</entry>
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204 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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205 | </row>
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206 | <row>
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207 | <entry>English (en)</entry>
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208 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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209 | </row>
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210 | <row>
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211 | <entry>Spanish (es)</entry>
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212 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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213 | </row>
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214 | <row>
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215 | <entry>Finnish (fi)</entry>
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216 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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217 | </row>
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218 | <row>
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219 | <entry>French (fr)</entry>
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220 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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221 | </row>
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222 | <row>
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223 | <entry>Irish (ga)</entry>
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224 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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225 | </row>
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226 | <row>
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227 | <entry>Galician (gl)</entry>
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228 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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229 | </row>
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230 | <row>
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231 | <entry>Indonesian (id)</entry>
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232 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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233 | </row>
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234 | <row>
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235 | <entry>Icelandic (is)</entry>
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236 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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237 | </row>
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238 | <row>
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239 | <entry>Italian (it)</entry>
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240 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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241 | </row>
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242 | <row>
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243 | <entry>Dutch (nl)</entry>
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244 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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245 | </row>
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246 | <!-- FIXME: BUG: "no" is deprecated, should use "nb" or "nn" and
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247 | symlinks -->
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248 | <row>
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249 | <entry>Norwegian (no)</entry>
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250 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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251 | </row>
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252 | <!-- END BUG -->
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253 | <row>
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254 | <entry>Portuguese (pt)</entry>
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255 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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256 | </row>
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257 | <row>
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258 | <entry>Swedish (sv)</entry>
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259 | <entry>ISO-8859-1</entry>
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260 | </row>
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261 | <!-- Languages below require patched groff -->
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262 | <row>
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263 | <entry>Bulgarian (bg)</entry>
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264 | <entry>CP1251</entry>
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265 | </row>
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266 | <row>
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267 | <entry>Czech (cs)</entry>
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268 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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269 | </row>
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270 | <row>
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271 | <entry>Croatian (hr)</entry>
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272 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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273 | </row>
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274 | <row>
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275 | <entry>Hungarian (hu)</entry>
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276 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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277 | </row>
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278 | <row>
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279 | <entry>Japanese (ja)</entry>
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280 | <entry>EUC-JP</entry>
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281 | </row>
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282 | <row>
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283 | <entry>Korean (ko)</entry>
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284 | <entry>EUC-KR</entry>
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285 | </row>
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286 | <row>
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287 | <entry>Polish (pl)</entry>
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288 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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289 | </row>
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290 | <row>
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291 | <entry>Russian (ru)</entry>
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292 | <entry>KOI8-R</entry>
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293 | </row>
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294 | <row>
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295 | <entry>Slovak (sk)</entry>
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296 | <entry>ISO-8859-2</entry>
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297 | </row>
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298 | <row>
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299 | <entry>Serbian (sr)</entry>
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300 | <entry>ISO-8859-5</entry>
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301 | </row>
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302 | <row>
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303 | <entry>Turkish (tr)</entry>
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304 | <entry>ISO-8859-9</entry>
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305 | </row>
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306 | <row>
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307 | <entry>Simplified Chinese (zh_CN)</entry>
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308 | <entry>GBK</entry>
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309 | </row>
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310 | <row>
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311 | <entry>Simplified Chinese,Singapore} (zh_SG)</entry>
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312 | <entry>GBK</entry>
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313 | </row>
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314 | <row>
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315 | <entry>Traditional Chinese (zh_TW)</entry>
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316 | <entry>BIG5</entry>
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317 | </row>
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318 | <row>
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319 | <entry>Traditional Chinese, Hong Kong (zh_HK)</entry>
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320 | <entry>BIG5HKSCS</entry>
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321 | </row>
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322 | </tbody>
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323 |
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324 | </tgroup>
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325 |
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326 | </table>
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327 |
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328 | <note>
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329 | <para>Manual pages in languages not in the list are not supported.
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330 | Norwegian does not work because of the transition from no_NO to
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331 | nb_NO locale, and will be fixed in the next release of
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332 | <application>Man-DB</application>. Korean is currently non functional
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333 | because of incomplete fixes in the Groff patch.</para>
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334 | </note>
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335 |
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336 |
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337 | <para>If upstream distributes the manual pages in a legacy encoding,
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338 | the manual pages can simply be copied to
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339 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
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340 | code></replaceable></filename>. For example, <ulink
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341 | url="http://www.infodrom.org/projects/manpages-de/download/manpages-de-0.5.tar.gz">
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342 | German manual pages</ulink> can be installed with the following
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343 | commands:</para>
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344 |
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345 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/de
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346 | cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/de</userinput></screen>
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347 |
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348 | <para>If upstream distributes manual pages in UTF-8 (i.e., <quote>for
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349 | RedHat</quote>) instead of the encoding listed in the table above, they
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350 | can either be converted from UTF-8 to the encoding listed in the table
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351 | above, or they can be installed directly into
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352 | <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man/<replaceable><language
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353 | code></replaceable>.UTF-8</filename>.</para>
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354 |
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355 | <para>For example, to install <ulink
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356 | url="http://ditec.um.es/~piernas/manpages-es/man-pages-es-1.55.tar.bz2">
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357 | Spanish manual pages</ulink> in the legacy encoding, use the following
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358 | commands:</para>
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359 |
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360 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{,X}
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361 | convert-mans UTF-8 ISO-8859-1 man?/*.?
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362 | mv man7/iso_8859-7.7{X,}
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363 | make install</userinput></screen>
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364 |
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365 | <note>
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366 | <para>The <filename>man7/iso_8859-7.7</filename> file needs to be
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367 | exclueded from the conversion process because it is already in
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368 | ISO-8859-1 format. This is a packaging bug in man-pages-es-1.55.
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369 | Future versions should not require this workaround.</para>
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370 | </note>
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371 |
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372 | <para>Finally, as an example installation of UTF-8 manual pages, the <ulink
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373 | url="http://manpagesfr.free.fr/download/man-pages-fr-2.40.0.tar.bz2">
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374 | French manual pages</ulink> can be installed with the following
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375 | commands:</para>
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376 |
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377 | <screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8
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378 | cp -rv man? /usr/share/man/fr.UTF-8</userinput></screen>
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379 |
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380 | </sect2>
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381 |
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382 | <sect2 id="contents-man-db" role="content">
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383 | <title>Contents of Man-DB</title>
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384 |
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385 | <segmentedlist>
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386 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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387 |
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388 | <seglistitem>
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389 | <seg>apropos, catman, convert-mans, lexgrog, man, mandb,
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390 | manpath, whatis, and zsoelim</seg>
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391 | </seglistitem>
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392 | </segmentedlist>
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393 |
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394 | <variablelist>
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395 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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396 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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397 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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398 |
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399 | <!-- <varlistentry id="accessdb">
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400 | <term><command>accessdb</command></term>
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401 | <listitem>
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402 | <para>Dumps the <command>whatis</command> database contents in
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403 | human-readable form</para>
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404 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db accessdb">
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405 | <primary sortas="b-accessdb">accessdb</primary>
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406 | </indexterm>
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407 | </listitem>
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408 | </varlistentry> -->
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409 |
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410 | <varlistentry id="apropos">
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411 | <term><command>apropos</command></term>
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412 | <listitem>
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413 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
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414 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain a given
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415 | string</para>
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416 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db apropos">
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417 | <primary sortas="b-apropos">apropos</primary>
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418 | </indexterm>
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419 | </listitem>
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420 | </varlistentry>
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421 |
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422 | <varlistentry id="catman">
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423 | <term><command>catman</command></term>
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424 | <listitem>
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425 | <para>Creates or updates the pre-formatted manual pages</para>
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426 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db catman">
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427 | <primary sortas="b-catman">catman</primary>
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428 | </indexterm>
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429 | </listitem>
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430 | </varlistentry>
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431 |
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432 | <varlistentry id="convert-mans">
|
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433 | <term><command>convert-mans</command></term>
|
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434 | <listitem>
|
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435 | <para>Reformats manual pages into the chosen encoding.</para>
|
---|
436 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db convert-mans">
|
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437 | <primary sortas="b-convert-mans">convert-mans</primary>
|
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438 | </indexterm>
|
---|
439 | </listitem>
|
---|
440 | </varlistentry>
|
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441 |
|
---|
442 | <varlistentry id="lexgrog">
|
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443 | <term><command>lexgrog</command></term>
|
---|
444 | <listitem>
|
---|
445 | <para>Displays one-line summary information about a given manual
|
---|
446 | page</para>
|
---|
447 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db lexgrog">
|
---|
448 | <primary sortas="b-lexgrog">lexgrog</primary>
|
---|
449 | </indexterm>
|
---|
450 | </listitem>
|
---|
451 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
452 |
|
---|
453 | <varlistentry id="man">
|
---|
454 | <term><command>man</command></term>
|
---|
455 | <listitem>
|
---|
456 | <para>Formats and displays the requested manual page</para>
|
---|
457 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db man">
|
---|
458 | <primary sortas="b-man">man</primary>
|
---|
459 | </indexterm>
|
---|
460 | </listitem>
|
---|
461 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
462 |
|
---|
463 | <varlistentry id="mandb">
|
---|
464 | <term><command>mandb</command></term>
|
---|
465 | <listitem>
|
---|
466 | <para>Creates or updates the <command>whatis</command> database</para>
|
---|
467 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db mandb">
|
---|
468 | <primary sortas="b-mandb">mandb</primary>
|
---|
469 | </indexterm>
|
---|
470 | </listitem>
|
---|
471 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
472 |
|
---|
473 | <varlistentry id="manpath">
|
---|
474 | <term><command>manpath</command></term>
|
---|
475 | <listitem>
|
---|
476 | <para>Displays the contents of $MANPATH or (if $MANPATH is not set)
|
---|
477 | a suitable search path based on the settings in man.conf and the
|
---|
478 | user's environment</para>
|
---|
479 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db manpath">
|
---|
480 | <primary sortas="b-manpath">manpath</primary>
|
---|
481 | </indexterm>
|
---|
482 | </listitem>
|
---|
483 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
484 |
|
---|
485 | <varlistentry id="whatis">
|
---|
486 | <term><command>whatis</command></term>
|
---|
487 | <listitem>
|
---|
488 | <para>Searches the <command>whatis</command> database and displays
|
---|
489 | the short descriptions of system commands that contain the given
|
---|
490 | keyword as a separate word</para>
|
---|
491 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db whatis">
|
---|
492 | <primary sortas="b-whatis">whatis</primary>
|
---|
493 | </indexterm>
|
---|
494 | </listitem>
|
---|
495 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
496 |
|
---|
497 | <varlistentry id="zsoelim">
|
---|
498 | <term><command>zsoelim</command></term>
|
---|
499 | <listitem>
|
---|
500 | <para>Reads files and replaces lines of the form <emphasis>.so
|
---|
501 | file</emphasis> by the contents of the mentioned
|
---|
502 | <emphasis>file</emphasis></para>
|
---|
503 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-man-db zsoelim">
|
---|
504 | <primary sortas="b-zsoelim">zsoelim</primary>
|
---|
505 | </indexterm>
|
---|
506 | </listitem>
|
---|
507 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
508 |
|
---|
509 | </variablelist>
|
---|
510 |
|
---|
511 | </sect2>
|
---|
512 |
|
---|
513 | </sect1>
|
---|