[3be4d97] | 1 | <sect1 id="ch-system-shadow" xreflabel="Shadow">
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[e1f2f4db] | 2 | <title>Installing Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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[576e206] | 3 | <?dbhtml filename="shadow.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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[6370fa6] | 4 |
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[5888299] | 5 | <para>The Shadow package contains programs for handling passwords in a secure
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| 6 | way.</para>
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| 7 |
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[69276a94] | 8 | <screen>&buildtime; &shadow-time;
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| 9 | &diskspace; &shadow-compsize;</screen>
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[3554fa3a] | 10 |
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[2309b72] | 11 | &aa-shadow-down;
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| 12 | &aa-shadow-dep;
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[73aedd1d] | 13 |
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| 14 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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| 15 |
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| 16 | <sect2>
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| 17 | <title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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| 18 |
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[90e3cb3] | 19 | <para>Shadow hard-wires the path to the <command>passwd</command> binary
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[73aedd1d] | 20 | within the binary itself, but does this the wrong way. If a
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[90e3cb3] | 21 | <command>passwd</command> binary is not present before installing Shadow,
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[73aedd1d] | 22 | the package incorrectly assumes it is going to be located at
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| 23 | <filename>/bin/passwd</filename>, but then installs it in
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| 24 | <filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename>. This will lead to errors about not finding
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| 25 | <filename>/bin/passwd</filename>. To work around this bug, create a dummy
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| 26 | <filename>passwd</filename> file, so that it gets hard-wired properly:</para>
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| 27 |
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| 28 | <screen><userinput>touch /usr/bin/passwd</userinput></screen>
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| 29 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 30 | <para>Now prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 31 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 32 | <screen><userinput>./configure --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 33 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 34 | <para>Work around a problem that prevents Shadow's internationalization from
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| 35 | working:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 36 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 37 | <screen><userinput>echo '#define HAVE_SETLOCALE 1' >> config.h</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 38 |
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| 39 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 40 |
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| 41 | <screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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| 42 |
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| 43 | <para>And install it:</para>
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| 44 |
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| 45 | <screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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| 46 |
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| 47 | <para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the
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| 48 | system. Install these two config files:</para>
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| 49 |
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| 50 | <screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
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| 51 |
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| 52 | <para>We want to change the password method to enable MD5 passwords which are
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[2309b72] | 53 | theoretically more secure than the default crypt method and also allow
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[73aedd1d] | 54 | password lengths greater than 8 characters. We also need to change the old
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| 55 | <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user
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| 56 | mailboxes to the current location at
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| 57 | <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>. We do this by changing the
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| 58 | relevant configuration file while copying it to its destination:</para>
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| 59 |
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| 60 | <screen><userinput>sed -e 's%/var/spool/mail%/var/mail%' \
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| 61 | -e 's%#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no%MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes%' \
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| 62 | etc/login.defs.linux > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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| 63 |
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| 64 | <note><para>Be extra careful when typing all of the above. It is probably safer
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| 65 | to cut-and-paste it rather than try and type it all in.</para></note>
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| 66 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 67 | <para>Move some misplaced symlinks to their proper locations:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 68 |
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[d0a6c4c] | 69 | <screen><userinput>mv /bin/sg /usr/bin
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| 70 | mv /bin/vigr /usr/sbin</userinput></screen>
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[73aedd1d] | 71 |
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| 72 | <para>And move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>
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| 73 |
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| 74 | <screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib</userinput></screen>
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| 75 |
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| 76 | <para>As some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in
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| 77 | <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para>
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| 78 |
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| 79 | <screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
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| 80 | ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</userinput></screen>
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| 81 |
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[638a816e] | 82 | <para>The -D option of the <filename>useradd</filename> program requires this
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| 83 | directory for it to work properly:</para>
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| 84 |
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| 85 | <screen><userinput>mkdir /etc/default</userinput></screen>
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| 86 |
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[90e3cb3] | 87 | <para>Coreutils has already installed a better <command>groups</command>
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[d0a6c4c] | 88 | program in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. Remove the one installed by
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| 89 | Shadow:</para>
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[73aedd1d] | 90 |
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| 91 | <screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen>
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| 92 |
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| 93 | </sect2>
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[24351aa] | 94 |
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[2309b72] | 95 | <sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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| 96 |
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| 97 | <sect2><title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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| 98 |
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| 99 | <para>This package contains utilities to modify users' passwords, add
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| 100 | or delete users and groups, and the like. We're not going to explain what
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| 101 | 'password shadowing' means. A full explanation can be found in the
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| 102 | <filename>doc/HOWTO</filename>
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| 103 | file within the unpacked Shadow source tree. There's one
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| 104 | thing to keep in mind if you decide to use Shadow support: programs that
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| 105 | need to verify passwords (for example xdm, ftp daemons, pop3 daemons) need
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| 106 | to be 'shadow-compliant', that is they need to be able to work with
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| 107 | shadowed passwords.</para>
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| 108 |
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| 109 | <para>To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command:</para>
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| 110 |
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| 111 | <screen><userinput>/usr/sbin/pwconv</userinput></screen>
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| 112 |
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| 113 | <para>And to enable shadowed group passwords, run the following
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| 114 | command:</para>
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| 115 |
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| 116 | <screen><userinput>/usr/sbin/grpconv</userinput></screen>
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| 117 |
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| 118 | <para>Under normal circumstances, you won't have created any passwords yet.
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| 119 | However, if returning to this section to enable shadowing, you should reset any
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| 120 | current user passwords with the <command>passwd</command> command or any
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| 121 | group passwords with the <command>gpasswd</command> command.</para>
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| 122 | </sect2>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <sect2>
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| 125 | <title>Setting the root password</title>
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| 126 |
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| 127 | <para>Choose a password for user root and set it via:</para>
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| 128 |
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| 129 | <screen><userinput>passwd root</userinput></screen>
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| 130 |
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| 131 | </sect2>
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[24351aa] | 132 |
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[2309b72] | 133 | &aa-shadow-shortdesc;
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| 134 | &aa-shadow-desc;
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[5888299] | 135 |
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[6370fa6] | 136 | </sect1>
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[73aedd1d] | 137 |
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