%general-entities; ]> Shadow Prepare Shadow for compilation: ./configure --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared Work around a problem that prevents Shadow's internationalization from working: echo '#define HAVE_SETLOCALE 1' >> config.h Shadow incorrectly declares the malloc() function, causing compilation failure. Fix this: sed -i '/extern char/d' libmisc/xmalloc.c Compile the package: make Install the package: make install Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the system. Install these two config files: /etc/limit /etc/login.access cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc Instead of using the default crypt method, use the more secure MD5 method of password encryption, which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the obsolete /var/spool/mail location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the /var/mail location used currently. Both of these can be accomplished by changing the relevant configuration file while copying it to its destination: /etc/login.defs cp etc/login.defs.linux /etc/login.defs sed -i -e 's@#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no@MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes@' \ -e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' /etc/login.defs Move some misplaced symlinks/programs to their proper locations: mv /bin/sg /usr/bin mv /bin/vigr /usr/sbin mv /usr/bin/passwd /bin Move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location: mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib Because some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in /usr/lib, create the following symlinks: ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so The -D option of the useradd program requires the /etc/default directory for it to work properly: mkdir /etc/default Coreutils has already installed a better groups program in /usr/bin. Remove the one installed by Shadow: rm /bin/groups Shadow configuring This package contains utilities to add, modify, and delete users and groups; set and change their passwords; and perform other administrative tasks. For a full explanation of what password shadowing means, see the doc/HOWTO file within the unpacked source tree. If using Shadow support, keep in mind that programs which need to verify passwords (display managers, FTP programs, pop3 daemons, etc.) must be shadow-compliant. That is, they need to be able to work with shadowed passwords. To enable shadowed passwords, run the following command: pwconv To enable shadowed group passwords, run: grpconv Under normal circumstances, passwords will not have been created yet. However, if returning to this section later to enable shadowing, reset any current user passwords with the passwd command or any group passwords with the gpasswd command. Choose a password for user root and set it by running: passwd root Installed programs Installed libraries chage, chfn, chpasswd, chsh, expiry, faillog, gpasswd, groupadd, groupdel, groupmod, groups, grpck, grpconv, grpunconv, lastlog, login, logoutd, mkpasswd, newgrp, newusers, passwd, pwck, pwconv, pwunconv, sg (link to newgrp), useradd, userdel, usermod, vigr (link to vipw), and vipw libshadow[.a,so] Short descriptions chage used to change the maximum number of days between obligatory password changes. chage chfn used to change a user's full name and other info. chfn chpasswd used to update the passwords of an entire series of user accounts. chpasswd chsh used to change a user's default login shell. chsh expiry checks and enforces the current password expiration policy. expiry faillog is used to examine the log of login failures, to set a maximum number of failures before an account is blocked, or to reset the failure count. faillog gpasswd is used to add and delete members and administrators to groups. gpasswd groupadd creates a group with the given name. groupadd groupdel deletes the group with the given name. groupdel groupmod is used to modify the given group's name or GID. groupmod groups reports the groups of which the given users are members. groups grpck verifies the integrity of the group files /etc/group and /etc/gshadow. grpck grpconv creates or updates the shadow group file from the normal group file. grpconv grpunconv updates /etc/group from /etc/gshadow and then deletes the latter. grpunconv lastlog reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user. lastlog login is used by the system to let users sign on. login logoutd is a daemon used to enforce restrictions on log-on time and ports. logoutd mkpasswd generates random passwords. mkpasswd newgrp is used to change the current GID during a login session. newgrp newusers is used to create or update an entire series of user accounts. newusers passwd is used to change the password for a user or group account. passwd pwck verifies the integrity of the password files /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow. pwck pwconv creates or updates the shadow password file from the normal password file. pwconv pwunconv updates /etc/passwd from /etc/shadow and then deletes the latter. pwunconv sg executes a given command while the user's GID is set to that of the given group. sg su su runs a shell with substitute user and group IDs. useradd creates a new user with the given name, or updates the default new-user information. useradd userdel deletes the given user account. userdel usermod is used to modify the given user's login name, User Identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc. usermod vigr edits the /etc/group or /etc/gshadow files. vigr vipw edits the /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow files. vipw libshadow contains functions used by most programs in this package. libshadow