[f896e21c] | 1 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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| 2 | <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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| 3 | "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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| 4 | <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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| 5 | %general-entities;
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| 6 | ]>
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| 7 |
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[35a5259] | 8 | <sect1 id="ch-system-systemd" role="wrap" revision="systemd">
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[cba2d4e] | 9 | <?dbhtml filename="systemd.html"?>
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[f896e21c] | 10 |
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| 11 | <sect1info condition="script">
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[cba2d4e] | 12 | <productname>systemd</productname>
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[f896e21c] | 13 | <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber>
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| 14 | <address>&systemd-url;</address>
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| 15 | </sect1info>
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| 16 |
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[cba2d4e] | 17 | <title>Systemd-&systemd-version;</title>
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[f896e21c] | 18 |
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[cba2d4e] | 19 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd">
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[1118b17] | 20 | <primary sortas="a-systemd">systemd</primary>
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[f896e21c] | 21 | </indexterm>
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| 22 |
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| 23 | <sect2 role="package">
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| 24 | <title/>
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| 25 |
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[1118b17] | 26 | <para>The systemd package contains programs for controlling the startup,
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[cba2d4e] | 27 | running, and shutdown of the system.</para>
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[f896e21c] | 28 |
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| 29 | <segmentedlist>
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| 30 | <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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| 31 | <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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| 32 |
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| 33 | <seglistitem>
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| 34 | <seg>&systemd-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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| 35 | <seg>&systemd-ch6-du;</seg>
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| 36 | </seglistitem>
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| 37 | </segmentedlist>
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| 38 | </sect2>
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| 39 |
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| 40 | <sect2 role="installation">
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[1118b17] | 41 | <title>Installation of systemd</title>
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[855ab9a] | 42 |
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[70dcd88] | 43 | <para>First, apply a patch to fix issues with systemd-networkd on Linux 5.2+
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| 44 | kernels, as well as with AMD Ryzen CPUs:</para>
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| 45 |
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| 46 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../systemd-&systemd-version;-networkd_and_rdrand_fixes-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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| 47 |
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[81ed05f] | 48 | <para>Create a symlink to work around missing xsltproc:</para>
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| 49 |
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[92c9489] | 50 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">ln -sf /tools/bin/true /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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[e88a471b] | 51 |
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[cc09c07] | 52 | <para>Because we have not yet installed the final version of Util-Linux,
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| 53 | create links to the libraries in the approprite location:</para>
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| 54 |
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[94c160c] | 55 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">for file in /tools/lib/lib{blkid,mount,uuid}.so*; do
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[cc09c07] | 56 | ln -sf $file /usr/lib/
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| 57 | done</userinput></screen>
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| 58 |
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[fc199db] | 59 | <para>Set up the man pages:</para>
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| 60 |
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[f7cea72] | 61 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput></screen>
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[1118b17] | 62 |
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[e88a471b] | 63 | <para>Remove tests that cannot be built in chroot:</para>
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| 64 |
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[f7cea72] | 65 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed '177,$ d' -i src/resolve/meson.build</userinput></screen>
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[b55310e] | 66 |
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[896e77e] | 67 | <para>Remove an unneeded group,
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| 68 | <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>, from the default udev
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| 69 | rules:</para>
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| 70 |
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| 71 | <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput></screen>
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| 72 |
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[c556e59] | 73 | <!-- EDITORS NOTE: At the next systemd release, see if the CFLAGS can be removed. -->
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| 74 |
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[1118b17] | 75 | <para>Prepare systemd for compilation:</para>
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| 76 |
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[c556e59] | 77 | <screen><userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
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[04b2165] | 78 | cd build
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[fc199db] | 79 |
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[268ab92] | 80 | PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/tools/lib/pkgconfig" \
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[fc199db] | 81 | LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
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[c556e59] | 82 | CFLAGS+="-Wno-format-overflow" \
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[fc199db] | 83 | meson --prefix=/usr \
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| 84 | --sysconfdir=/etc \
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| 85 | --localstatedir=/var \
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| 86 | -Dblkid=true \
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| 87 | -Dbuildtype=release \
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| 88 | -Ddefault-dnssec=no \
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| 89 | -Dfirstboot=false \
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[e88a471b] | 90 | -Dinstall-tests=false \
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[fc199db] | 91 | -Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
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| 92 | -Dldconfig=false \
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| 93 | -Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
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| 94 | -Drootprefix= \
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| 95 | -Drootlibdir=/lib \
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| 96 | -Dsplit-usr=true \
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| 97 | -Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
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| 98 | -Dsysusers=false \
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| 99 | -Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
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| 100 | -Db_lto=false \
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[c556e59] | 101 | -Drpmmacrosdir=no \
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[fc199db] | 102 | ..</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 103 |
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| 104 | <variablelist>
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[81ed05f] | 105 | <title>The meaning of the meson options:</title>
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[cba2d4e] | 106 |
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| 107 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 108 | <term><parameter>-D*-path=*</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 109 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 110 | <para>These switches provide location of binaries needed by
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| 111 | systemd at runtime that have not yet been installed, or who's
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| 112 | pkgconfig files are currently only in
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| 113 | <filename>/tools/lib/pkgconfig</filename>.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 114 | </listitem>
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| 115 | </varlistentry>
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| 116 |
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| 117 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 118 | <term><parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 119 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 120 | <para>This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 121 | </listitem>
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| 122 | </varlistentry>
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| 123 |
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| 124 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 125 | <term><parameter>-Dfirstboot=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 126 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 127 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 128 | services responsible for setting up the system for
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| 129 | the first time. They are not useful for LFS because
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| 130 | everything is done manually.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 131 | </listitem>
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| 132 | </varlistentry>
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| 133 |
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[e88a471b] | 134 | <varlistentry>
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| 135 | <term><parameter>-Dinstall-tests=false</parameter></term>
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| 136 | <listitem>
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| 137 | <para>This switch prevents installation of the compiled tests.</para>
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| 138 | </listitem>
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| 139 | </varlistentry>
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| 140 |
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[cba2d4e] | 141 | <varlistentry>
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[0d84af1] | 142 | <term><parameter>-Dldconfig=false</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 143 | <listitem>
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[0d84af1] | 144 | <para>This switch prevents installation of a systemd unit that runs
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| 145 | <command>ldconfig</command> at boot, which is not useful for source
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| 146 | distributions such as LFS and makes the boot time longer. Remove it
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| 147 | if the described feature is desired.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 148 | </listitem>
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| 149 | </varlistentry>
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| 150 |
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| 151 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 152 | <term><parameter>-Droot*</parameter></term>
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[cba2d4e] | 153 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 154 | <para>These switches ensure that core programs and
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| 155 | shared libraries are installed in the subdirectories
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| 156 | of the root partition.</para>
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[1118b17] | 157 | </listitem>
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| 158 | </varlistentry>
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| 159 |
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| 160 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 161 | <term><parameter>-Dsplit-usr=true</parameter></term>
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[1118b17] | 162 | <listitem>
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[81ed05f] | 163 | <para>This switch ensures that systemd will work on
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| 164 | systems where /bin, /lib and /sbin directories are not
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| 165 | symlinks to their /usr counterparts.</para>
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[1118b17] | 166 | </listitem>
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| 167 | </varlistentry>
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| 168 |
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| 169 | <varlistentry>
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[81ed05f] | 170 | <term><parameter>-Dsysusers=false</parameter></term>
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[1118b17] | 171 | <listitem>
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| 172 | <para>This switch prevents installation of systemd
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| 173 | services responsible for setting up the
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| 174 | <filename>/etc/group</filename> and
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| 175 | <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files
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[0d84af1] | 176 | were created earlier in this chapter.</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 177 | </listitem>
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| 178 | </varlistentry>
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| 179 |
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[c556e59] | 180 | <varlistentry>
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| 181 | <term><parameter>-Drpmmacrosdir=no</parameter></term>
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| 182 | <listitem>
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| 183 | <para>This switch disables installation of RPM Macros
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| 184 | for use with systemd because LFS does not support RPM.</para>
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| 185 | </listitem>
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| 186 | </varlistentry>
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[cba2d4e] | 187 | </variablelist>
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| 188 |
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| 189 | <para>Compile the package:</para>
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| 190 |
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[fc199db] | 191 | <screen><userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput></screen>
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[81ed05f] | 192 | <!--
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| 193 | <para>To test the package, execute the following command:</para>
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[f896e21c] | 194 |
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[81ed05f] | 195 | <screen><userinput remap="test">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja test</userinput></screen>
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| 196 | -->
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[f896e21c] | 197 | <para>Install the package:</para>
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| 198 |
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[81ed05f] | 199 | <screen><userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 200 |
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[c556e59] | 201 | <para>Remove an unnecessary symbolic link:</para>
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| 202 |
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| 203 | <screen><userinput remap="install">rm -f /usr/bin/xsltproc</userinput></screen>
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| 204 |
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[cba2d4e] | 205 | <para>Create the <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file needed by
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[1118b17] | 206 | <command>systemd-journald</command>:</para>
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[053b206] | 207 |
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[15f0f21] | 208 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">systemd-machine-id-setup</userinput></screen>
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[cba2d4e] | 209 |
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[84dbccb2] | 210 | <para>Remove symbolic links to Util-Linux libraries:</para>
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| 211 |
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[9cc5415] | 212 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -fv /usr/lib/lib{blkid,uuid,mount}.so*</userinput></screen>
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[84dbccb2] | 213 |
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[4a7709f] | 214 | <para>Prevent systemd from creating <filename>/run/nologin</filename>
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[4a18f0bd] | 215 | to allow unprivileged user logins without
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[9220470] | 216 | <application>systemd-logind</application>:</para>
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| 217 |
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[4a18f0bd] | 218 | <screen><userinput remap="adjust">rm -f /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/systemd-nologin.conf</userinput></screen>
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[9220470] | 219 |
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[f896e21c] | 220 | </sect2>
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| 221 |
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[cba2d4e] | 222 | <sect2 id="contents-systemd" role="content">
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[1118b17] | 223 | <title>Contents of systemd</title>
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[f896e21c] | 224 |
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| 225 | <segmentedlist>
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| 226 | <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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| 227 | <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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| 228 | <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
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| 229 |
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| 230 | <seglistitem>
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[78cc3be] | 231 | <seg>bootctl, busctl, coredumpctl, halt (symlink to systemctl),
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| 232 | hostnamectl, init, journalctl, kernel-install, localectl, loginctl,
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| 233 | machinectl, networkctl, portablectl, poweroff (symlink to
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| 234 | systemctl), reboot (symlink to systemctl), resolvconf (symlink to
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| 235 | resolvectl), resolvectl, runlevel (symlink to systemctl), shutdown
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| 236 | (symlink to systemctl), systemctl, systemd-analyze,
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[1118b17] | 237 | systemd-ask-password, systemd-cat, systemd-cgls, systemd-cgtop,
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| 238 | systemd-delta, systemd-detect-virt, systemd-escape, systemd-hwdb,
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[78cc3be] | 239 | systemd-id128, systemd-inhibit, systemd-machine-id-setup,
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| 240 | systemd-mount, systemd-notify, systemd-nspawn, systemd-path,
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| 241 | systemd-resolve (symlink to resolvectl), systemd-run,
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| 242 | systemd-socket-activate, systemd-stdio-bridge, systemd-tmpfiles,
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| 243 | systemd-tty-ask-password-agent, systemd-umount (symlink to
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| 244 | systemd-mount), telinit (symlink to systemctl), timedatectl, and
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| 245 | udevadm</seg>
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[1118b17] | 246 | <seg>libnss_myhostname.so.2, libnss_mymachines.so.2,
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[78cc3be] | 247 | libnss_resolve.so.2, libnss_systemd.so.2,
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| 248 | libsystemd.so, libsystemd-shared-&systemd-version;.so (in /lib/systemd),
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[a840e59] | 249 | and libudev.so</seg>
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[cba2d4e] | 250 | <seg>/etc/binfmt.d, /etc/init.d, /etc/kernel, /etc/modules-load.d,
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| 251 | /etc/sysctl.d, /etc/systemd, /etc/tmpfiles.d, /etc/udev,
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| 252 | /etc/xdg/systemd, /lib/systemd, /lib/udev, /usr/include/systemd,
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| 253 | /usr/lib/binfmt.d, /usr/lib/kernel, /usr/lib/modules-load.d,
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| 254 | /usr/lib/sysctl.d, /usr/lib/systemd, /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d,
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[1118b17] | 255 | /usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version;, /usr/share/factory,
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| 256 | /usr/share/systemd, /var/lib/systemd, and /var/log/journal</seg>
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[f896e21c] | 257 | </seglistitem>
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| 258 | </segmentedlist>
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| 259 |
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| 260 | <variablelist>
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| 261 | <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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| 262 | <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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| 263 | <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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| 264 |
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[cba2d4e] | 265 | <varlistentry id="bootctl">
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| 266 | <term><command>bootctl</command></term>
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| 267 | <listitem>
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[0d84af1] | 268 | <para>Used to query the firmware and boot manager settings</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 269 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd bootctl">
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| 270 | <primary sortas="b-bootctl">bootctl</primary>
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| 271 | </indexterm>
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| 272 | </listitem>
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| 273 | </varlistentry>
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| 274 |
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| 275 | <varlistentry id="busctl">
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| 276 | <term><command>busctl</command></term>
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| 277 | <listitem>
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[1118b17] | 278 | <para>Used to introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 279 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd busctl">
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| 280 | <primary sortas="b-busctl">busctl</primary>
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| 281 | </indexterm>
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| 282 | </listitem>
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| 283 | </varlistentry>
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| 284 |
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[1118b17] | 285 | <varlistentry id="coredumpctl">
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| 286 | <term><command>coredumpctl</command></term>
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| 287 | <listitem>
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[3553330] | 288 | <para>Used to retrieve coredumps from the systemd journal</para>
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[1118b17] | 289 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd coredumpctl">
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| 290 | <primary sortas="b-coredumpctl">coredumpctl</primary>
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| 291 | </indexterm>
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| 292 | </listitem>
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| 293 | </varlistentry>
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| 294 |
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[cba2d4e] | 295 | <varlistentry id="halt">
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| 296 | <term><command>halt</command></term>
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| 297 | <listitem>
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| 298 | <para>Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the
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| 299 | <parameter>-h</parameter> option, except when already in run-level 0,
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| 300 | then it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the
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| 301 | file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is being
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[1118b17] | 302 | brought down</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 303 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd halt">
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| 304 | <primary sortas="b-halt">halt</primary>
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| 305 | </indexterm>
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| 306 | </listitem>
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| 307 | </varlistentry>
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| 308 |
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| 309 | <varlistentry id="hostnamectl">
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| 310 | <term><command>hostnamectl</command></term>
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| 311 | <listitem>
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[1118b17] | 312 | <para>Used to query and change the system hostname and related
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| 313 | settings</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 314 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd hostnamectl">
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| 315 | <primary sortas="b-hostnamectl">hostnamectl</primary>
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| 316 | </indexterm>
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| 317 | </listitem>
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| 318 | </varlistentry>
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| 319 |
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| 320 | <varlistentry id="init">
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| 321 | <term><command>init</command></term>
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| 322 | <listitem>
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| 323 | <para>The first process to be started when the kernel has initialized
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[0d84af1] | 324 | the hardware which takes over the boot process and starts all
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| 325 | processes according to its configuration files</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 326 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd init">
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| 327 | <primary sortas="b-init">init</primary>
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| 328 | </indexterm>
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| 329 | </listitem>
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| 330 | </varlistentry>
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| 331 |
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| 332 | <varlistentry id="journalctl">
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| 333 | <term><command>journalctl</command></term>
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| 334 | <listitem>
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[0d84af1] | 335 | <para>Used to query the contents of the systemd journal</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 336 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd journalctl">
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| 337 | <primary sortas="b-journalctl">journalctl</primary>
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| 338 | </indexterm>
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| 339 | </listitem>
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| 340 | </varlistentry>
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| 341 |
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| 342 | <varlistentry id="kernel-install">
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| 343 | <term><command>kernel-install</command></term>
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| 344 | <listitem>
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[1118b17] | 345 | <para>Used to add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and
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| 346 | from /boot</para>
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[cba2d4e] | 347 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd kernel-install">
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| 348 | <primary sortas="b-kernel-install">kernel-install</primary>
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| 349 | </indexterm>
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| 350 | </listitem>
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| 351 | </varlistentry>
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| 352 |
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| 353 | <varlistentry id="localectl">
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| 354 | <term><command>localectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 355 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 356 | <para>Used to query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
|
---|
| 357 | settings</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 358 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd localectl">
|
---|
| 359 | <primary sortas="b-localectl">localectl</primary>
|
---|
| 360 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 361 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 362 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 363 |
|
---|
| 364 | <varlistentry id="loginctl">
|
---|
| 365 | <term><command>loginctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 366 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 367 | <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Login
|
---|
| 368 | Manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 369 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd loginctl">
|
---|
| 370 | <primary sortas="b-loginctl">loginctl</primary>
|
---|
| 371 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 372 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 373 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 374 |
|
---|
| 375 | <varlistentry id="machinectl">
|
---|
| 376 | <term><command>machinectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 377 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 378 | <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd Virtual
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 379 | Machine and Container Registration Manager</para>
|
---|
| 380 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd machinectl">
|
---|
| 381 | <primary sortas="b-machinectl">machinectl</primary>
|
---|
| 382 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 383 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 384 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 385 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 386 | <varlistentry id="networkctl">
|
---|
| 387 | <term><command>networkctl</command></term>
|
---|
| 388 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 389 | <para>Used to introspect the state of the network links as seen by
|
---|
| 390 | systemd-networkd</para>
|
---|
| 391 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd networkctl">
|
---|
| 392 | <primary sortas="b-networkctl">networkctl</primary>
|
---|
| 393 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 394 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 395 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 396 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 397 | <varlistentry id="portablectl">
|
---|
| 398 | <term><command>portablectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 399 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 400 | <para>Used to attach or detach portable services from the local
|
---|
| 401 | system</para>
|
---|
| 402 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd portablectl">
|
---|
| 403 | <primary sortas="b-portablectl">portablectl</primary>
|
---|
| 404 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 405 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 406 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 407 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 408 | <varlistentry id="poweroff">
|
---|
| 409 | <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
---|
| 410 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 411 | <para>Tells the kernel to halt the system and switch off the computer
|
---|
[1118b17] | 412 | (see <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 413 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd poweroff">
|
---|
| 414 | <primary sortas="b-poweroff">poweroff</primary>
|
---|
| 415 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 416 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 417 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 418 |
|
---|
| 419 | <varlistentry id="reboot">
|
---|
| 420 | <term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 421 | <listitem>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 422 | <para>Tells the kernel to reboot the system (see
|
---|
[1118b17] | 423 | <command>halt</command>)</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 424 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd reboot">
|
---|
| 425 | <primary sortas="b-reboot">reboot</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 426 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 427 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 428 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 429 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 430 | <varlistentry id="resolvconf">
|
---|
| 431 | <term><command>resolvconf</command></term>
|
---|
| 432 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 433 | <para>Register DNS server and domain configuration with
|
---|
[93058448] | 434 | <command>systemd-resolved</command></para>
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 435 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvconf">
|
---|
| 436 | <primary sortas="b-resolvconf">resolvconf</primary>
|
---|
| 437 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 438 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 439 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 440 |
|
---|
| 441 | <varlistentry id="resolvectl">
|
---|
| 442 | <term><command>resolvectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 443 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 444 | <para>Send control commands to the network name resolution
|
---|
| 445 | manager, or resolve domain names, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses,
|
---|
| 446 | DNS records, and services.</para>
|
---|
| 447 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd resolvectl">
|
---|
| 448 | <primary sortas="b-resolvectl">resolvectl</primary>
|
---|
| 449 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 450 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 451 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 452 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 453 | <varlistentry id="runlevel">
|
---|
| 454 | <term><command>runlevel</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 455 | <listitem>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 456 | <para>Reports the previous and the current run-level, as noted in the
|
---|
[1118b17] | 457 | last run-level record in <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 458 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd runlevel">
|
---|
| 459 | <primary sortas="b-runlevel">runlevel</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 460 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 461 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 462 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 463 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 464 | <varlistentry id="shutdown">
|
---|
| 465 | <term><command>shutdown</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 466 | <listitem>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 467 | <para>Brings the system down in a secure way, signaling all processes
|
---|
[1118b17] | 468 | and notifying all logged-in users</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 469 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd shutdown">
|
---|
| 470 | <primary sortas="b-shutdown">shutdown</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 471 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 472 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 473 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 474 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 475 | <varlistentry id="systemctl">
|
---|
| 476 | <term><command>systemctl</command></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 477 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 478 | <para>Used to introspect and control the state of the systemd system
|
---|
| 479 | and service manager</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 480 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemctl">
|
---|
| 481 | <primary sortas="b-systemctl">systemctl</primary>
|
---|
| 482 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 483 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 484 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 485 |
|
---|
| 486 | <varlistentry id="systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 487 | <term><command>systemd-analyze</command></term>
|
---|
| 488 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 489 | <para>Used to determine system boot-up performance of the current
|
---|
| 490 | boot</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 491 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-analyze">
|
---|
| 492 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-analyze">systemd-analyze</primary>
|
---|
| 493 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 494 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 495 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 496 |
|
---|
| 497 | <varlistentry id="systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 498 | <term><command>systemd-ask-password</command></term>
|
---|
| 499 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 500 | <para>Used to query a system password or passphrase from the user,
|
---|
| 501 | using a question message specified on the command line</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 502 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-ask-password">
|
---|
| 503 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-ask-password">systemd-ask-password</primary>
|
---|
| 504 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 505 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 506 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 507 |
|
---|
| 508 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 509 | <term><command>systemd-cat</command></term>
|
---|
| 510 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 511 | <para>Used to connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the Journal
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 512 | </para>
|
---|
| 513 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cat">
|
---|
| 514 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cat">systemd-cat</primary>
|
---|
| 515 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 516 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 517 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 518 |
|
---|
| 519 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 520 | <term><command>systemd-cgls</command></term>
|
---|
| 521 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 522 | <para>Recursively shows the contents of the selected Linux control
|
---|
| 523 | group hierarchy in a tree</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 524 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgls">
|
---|
| 525 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgls">systemd-cgls</primary>
|
---|
| 526 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 527 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 528 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 529 |
|
---|
| 530 | <varlistentry id="systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 531 | <term><command>systemd-cgtop</command></term>
|
---|
| 532 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 533 | <para>Shows the top control groups of the local Linux control group
|
---|
| 534 | hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 535 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-cgtop">
|
---|
| 536 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-cgtop">systemd-cgtop</primary>
|
---|
| 537 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 538 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 539 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 540 |
|
---|
| 541 | <varlistentry id="systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 542 | <term><command>systemd-delta</command></term>
|
---|
| 543 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 544 | <para>Used to identify and compare configuration files in
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 545 | <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> that override default
|
---|
[1118b17] | 546 | counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename></para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 547 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-delta">
|
---|
| 548 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-delta">systemd-delta</primary>
|
---|
| 549 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 550 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 551 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 552 |
|
---|
| 553 | <varlistentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 554 | <term><command>systemd-detect-virt</command></term>
|
---|
| 555 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 556 | <para>Detects execution in a virtualized environment</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 557 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-detect-virt">
|
---|
| 558 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-detect-virt">systemd-detect-virt</primary>
|
---|
| 559 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 560 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 561 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 562 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 563 | <varlistentry id="systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 564 | <term><command>systemd-escape</command></term>
|
---|
| 565 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 566 | <para>Used to escape strings for inclusion in systemd unit
|
---|
| 567 | names</para>
|
---|
| 568 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-escape">
|
---|
| 569 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-escape">systemd-escape</primary>
|
---|
| 570 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 571 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 572 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 573 |
|
---|
| 574 | <varlistentry id="systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 575 | <term><command>systemd-hwdb</command></term>
|
---|
| 576 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 577 | <para>Used to manage hardware database (hwdb)</para>
|
---|
| 578 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-hwdb">
|
---|
| 579 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-hwdb">systemd-hwdb</primary>
|
---|
| 580 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 581 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 582 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 583 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 584 | <varlistentry id="systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 585 | <term><command>systemd-id128</command></term>
|
---|
| 586 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 587 | <para>Generate and print id128 strings</para>
|
---|
| 588 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-id128">
|
---|
| 589 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-id128">systemd-id128</primary>
|
---|
| 590 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 591 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 592 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 593 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 594 | <varlistentry id="systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 595 | <term><command>systemd-inhibit</command></term>
|
---|
| 596 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 597 | <para>Used to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
|
---|
| 598 | inhibitor lock taken</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 599 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-inhibit">
|
---|
| 600 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-inhibit">systemd-inhibit</primary>
|
---|
| 601 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 602 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 603 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 604 |
|
---|
| 605 | <varlistentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 606 | <term><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command></term>
|
---|
| 607 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 608 | <para>Used by system installer tools to initialize the machine ID
|
---|
| 609 | stored in <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time with a
|
---|
| 610 | randomly generated ID</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 611 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-machine-id-setup">
|
---|
| 612 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-machine-id-setup">systemd-machine-id-setup</primary>
|
---|
| 613 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 614 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 615 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 616 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 617 | <varlistentry id="systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 618 | <term><command>systemd-mount</command></term>
|
---|
| 619 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0d84af1] | 620 | <para>A tool to temporarily mount or auto-mount a drive.</para>
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 621 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-mount">
|
---|
| 622 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-mount">systemd-mount</primary>
|
---|
| 623 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 624 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 625 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 626 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 627 | <varlistentry id="systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 628 | <term><command>systemd-notify</command></term>
|
---|
| 629 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 630 | <para>Used by daemon scripts to notify the init system about status
|
---|
| 631 | changes</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 632 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-notify">
|
---|
| 633 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-notify">systemd-notify</primary>
|
---|
| 634 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 635 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 636 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 637 |
|
---|
| 638 | <varlistentry id="systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 639 | <term><command>systemd-nspawn</command></term>
|
---|
| 640 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 641 | <para>Used to run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
|
---|
| 642 | container</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 643 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-nspawn">
|
---|
| 644 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-nspawn">systemd-nspawn</primary>
|
---|
| 645 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 646 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 647 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 648 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 649 | <varlistentry id="systemd-path">
|
---|
| 650 | <term><command>systemd-path</command></term>
|
---|
| 651 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 652 | <para>Used to query system and user paths</para>
|
---|
| 653 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-path">
|
---|
| 654 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-path">systemd-path</primary>
|
---|
| 655 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 656 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 657 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 658 |
|
---|
| 659 | <varlistentry id="systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 660 | <term><command>systemd-resolve</command></term>
|
---|
| 661 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 662 | <para>Used to resolve domain names, IPV4 and IPv6 addresses, DNS
|
---|
| 663 | resource records, and services</para>
|
---|
| 664 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-resolve">
|
---|
| 665 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-resolve">systemd-resolve</primary>
|
---|
| 666 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 667 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 668 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 669 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 670 | <varlistentry id="systemd-run">
|
---|
| 671 | <term><command>systemd-run</command></term>
|
---|
| 672 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 673 | <para>Used to create and start a transient .service or a .scope unit
|
---|
| 674 | and run the specified command in it</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 675 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-run">
|
---|
| 676 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-run">systemd-run</primary>
|
---|
| 677 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 678 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 679 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 680 |
|
---|
[1118b17] | 681 | <!-- <varlistentry id="systemd-stdio-bridge">
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 682 | <term><command>systemd-stdio-bridge</command></term>
|
---|
| 683 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 684 | <para>To be completed</para>
|
---|
| 685 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-stdio-bridge">
|
---|
| 686 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-stdio-bridge">systemd-stdio-bridge</primary>
|
---|
| 687 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 688 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 689 | </varlistentry> -->
|
---|
| 690 |
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 691 | <varlistentry id="systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 692 | <term><command>systemd-socket-activate</command></term>
|
---|
| 693 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0d84af1] | 694 | <para>A tool to listen on socket devices and launch a process upon
|
---|
[13c8b42] | 695 | connection.</para>
|
---|
| 696 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-socket-activate">
|
---|
| 697 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-socket-activate">systemd-socket-activate</primary>
|
---|
| 698 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 699 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 700 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 701 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 702 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 703 | <term><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command></term>
|
---|
| 704 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 705 | <para>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
|
---|
| 706 | directories, based on the configuration file format and location
|
---|
| 707 | specified in
|
---|
| 708 | <filename class="directory">tmpfiles.d</filename> directories</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 709 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tmpfiles">
|
---|
| 710 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tmpfiles">systemd-tmpfiles</primary>
|
---|
| 711 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 712 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 713 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 714 |
|
---|
[78cc3be] | 715 | <varlistentry id="systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 716 | <term><command>systemd-umount</command></term>
|
---|
| 717 | <listitem>
|
---|
| 718 | <para>Unmount mount points</para>
|
---|
| 719 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-umount">
|
---|
| 720 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-umount">systemd-umount</primary>
|
---|
| 721 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 722 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 723 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 724 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 725 | <varlistentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 726 | <term><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command></term>
|
---|
| 727 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 728 | <para>Used to list or process pending systemd password requests</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 729 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
|
---|
| 730 | <primary sortas="b-systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</primary>
|
---|
| 731 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 732 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 733 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 734 |
|
---|
| 735 | <varlistentry id="telinit">
|
---|
| 736 | <term><command>telinit</command></term>
|
---|
| 737 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 738 | <para>Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change
|
---|
| 739 | to</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 740 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd telinit">
|
---|
| 741 | <primary sortas="b-telinit">telinit</primary>
|
---|
| 742 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 743 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 744 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 745 |
|
---|
| 746 | <varlistentry id="timedatectl">
|
---|
| 747 | <term><command>timedatectl</command></term>
|
---|
| 748 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 749 | <para>Used to query and change the system clock and its settings
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 750 | </para>
|
---|
| 751 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd timedatectl">
|
---|
| 752 | <primary sortas="b-timedatectl">timedatectl</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 753 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 754 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 755 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 756 |
|
---|
| 757 | <varlistentry id="udevadm">
|
---|
| 758 | <term><command>udevadm</command></term>
|
---|
| 759 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0d84af1] | 760 | <para>Generic udev administration tool: controls the udevd daemon,
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 761 | provides info from the Udev database, monitors uevents, waits for
|
---|
[0d84af1] | 762 | uevents to finish, tests udev configuration, and triggers uevents
|
---|
[1118b17] | 763 | for a given device</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 764 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd udevadm">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 765 | <primary sortas="b-udevadm">udevadm</primary>
|
---|
| 766 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 767 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 768 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 769 |
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 770 | <varlistentry id="libsystemd">
|
---|
| 771 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsystemd</filename></term>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 772 | <listitem>
|
---|
[0d84af1] | 773 | <para>The main systemd utility library</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 774 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libsystemd">
|
---|
| 775 | <primary sortas="c-libsystemd">libsystemd</primary>
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 776 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 777 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 778 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 779 |
|
---|
| 780 | <varlistentry id="libudev">
|
---|
| 781 | <term><filename class="libraryfile">libudev</filename></term>
|
---|
| 782 | <listitem>
|
---|
[1118b17] | 783 | <para>A library to access Udev device information</para>
|
---|
[cba2d4e] | 784 | <indexterm zone="ch-system-systemd libudev">
|
---|
[f896e21c] | 785 | <primary sortas="c-libudev">libudev</primary>
|
---|
| 786 | </indexterm>
|
---|
| 787 | </listitem>
|
---|
| 788 | </varlistentry>
|
---|
| 789 |
|
---|
| 790 | </variablelist>
|
---|
| 791 |
|
---|
| 792 | </sect2>
|
---|
| 793 |
|
---|
| 794 | </sect1>
|
---|